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Mitophagy:From the dark into the spotlight

Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1487-1489页

作者： Vivian Schmitt olivier van aken Department of Biology Lund UniversityLundSweden

Despite the generally placid appearance of plants,many dynamicprocesses take place inside a plant *** such process thathas garnered attention in recent years is termed"autophagy."While originally discovered in yeast,our understanding of autophagy in plants has improved *** is considered a cellular recycling system in which cellular components oreven entire organelles can be encapsulated by a membranestructure(autophagosome)and then transported to the vacuole(in plants)for degradation and re-use.

关键词： attention organelle spite

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Defining the Mitochondrial Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1310-1324页

作者： olivier van aken Botao Zhang Chris Carrie Vindya Uggalla Ellen Paynter Estelle Giraud James Whelan ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology MCS Building M316 University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 Western AustraliaAustralia

To obtain a global overview of how mitochondria respond to stress, we aimed to define the plant mitochondrial stress response （MSR）. By combining a set of 1196 Arabidopsis thaliana genes that putatively encode mitochondrial proteins with 16 microarray experiments on stress-related conditions, 45 nuclear encoded genes were defined as widely stress-responsive. Using green fluorescent protein （GFP） fusion assays, the mitochondrial targeting of a large number of these proteins was tested, confirming in total 26 proteins as mitochondrially targeted. Several of these proteins were observed to be dual targeted to mitochondria and plastids, including the small heat shock proteins sHSP23.5 and sHSP23.6. In addition to the well defined stress components of mitochondria, such as alternative oxidases, nicotinamide adenine dinudeotide （NAD（P）H） dehydrogenases, and heat shock proteins, a variety of other proteins, many with unknown function, were identified. The mitochondrial carrier protein family was over-represented in the stress-responsive genes, suggesting that stress induces altered needs for metabolite transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Although the genes encoding many of these proteins contain common cis-acting regulatory elements, it was apparent that a number of distinct regulatory processes or signals likely triggered the MSR. Therefore, these genes provide new model systems to study mitochondrial retrograde regulation, in addition to the widely used alternative oxidase model. Additionally, as changes in proteins responsive to stress did not correlate well with changes at a transcript level, it suggests that post-transcriptional mechanisms also play an important role in defining the MSR.

关键词： enzymes genes green fluorescent protein heat shock proteins mitochondria oxidoreductases plant proteins plastids stress stress response Arabidopsis thaliana Genes Heat Shock Proteins Plastid stress response Arabidopsis thaliana Oxidoreductases Plant Proteins Proteins Enzymes Mitochondria Green Fluorescent Proteins

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Inactivation of Mitochondrial Complex Ⅰ Induces the Expression of a Twin Cysteine Protein that Targets and Affects Cytosolic, Chloroplastidic and Mitochondrial Function

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Molecular Plant 2016年第5期9卷 696-710页

作者： Yan Wang Wenhui Lyu Oliver Berkowitz Jordan D. Radomiljac Simon R. Law Monika W. Murcha Chris Carrie Pedro F. Teixeira Beata Kmiec Owen Duncan olivier van aken Reena Narsai Elzbieta Glaser Shaobai Huang Ute Roessner A. Harvey Millar James Whelan Department of Animal Plant and Soil Science Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology School of Life Science La Trobe University Bundoora VIC 3086 Australia Ume(a)Plant Science Centre(UPSC) Faculty of Science and Technology Ume(a)University Ume(a) Sweden Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia Department of Biology I Botany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Groβhaderner Strasse 2-4 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Stockholm University Atrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences 10691 Stockholm Sweden School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia

At12Cys-1 （At5g64400） and At12Cys-2 （At5g09570） are two closely related isogenes that encode small, twin cysteine proteins, typically located in mitochondria. At12Cys-2 transcript is induced in a variety of mutants with disrupted mitochondrial proteins, but an increase in At12Cys protein is only detected in mutants with reduced mitochondrial complex I abundance. Induction of At12Cys protein in mutants that lack mitochondrial complex I is accompanied by At12Cys protein located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the cytosoh Biochemical analyses revealed that even single gene deletions, i.e., At12cys-1 orAtl2cys-2, have an effect on mitochondrial and chloroplast functions. However, only double mutants, i.e., At12cys-1：At12cys.2, affect the abundance of protein and mRNA transcripts encoding translation elongation factors as well as rRNA abundance. Blue native PAGE showed that At12Cys co-migrated with mitochondrial supercomplex I ＋ lU. Likewise, deletion of both At12cys-1 and At12cys-2 genes, but not single gene deletions, results in enhanced tolerance to drought and light stress and increased anti-oxidant capacity. The induction and multiple localization of At12Cys upon a reduction in complex I abundance provides a mechanism to specifically signal mitochondrial dysfunction to the cytosol and then beyond to other organelles in the cell.

关键词： mitochondria complex I retrograde signaling chloroplast cytosol

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