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Changes in permafrost and snow cover in the Boreal and Arctic zones(BAZs)and their impacts

Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第2期14卷 157-163页

作者： Hui-Jun JIN Daqing YANG olga MAKARIEVA Liang TANG School of Civil Engineering|Permafrost Institute Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Scientific Observation and Research Station of Permafrost and Cold-Regions Environment in the Da Xing'anling Mountains Northeast ChinaNatural Resources Institute of Heilongjiang ProvinceHarbin 150036China Institute of Tibet Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 1000101China National Hydrology Research Centre Environment CanadaSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 3H5Canada Institute of Earth Sciences St.Petersburg State UniversitySt.Petersburg199034Russia School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

*** Amplified climate warming and wetting have been observed in the Boreal and Arctic zones(BAZs).Due to extensive and persistent warming of the climate and the increasing impacts of human activities,we are seeing degradation of the permafrost and rapid shrinkage of the snow cover in the *** attention has been paid to the reconstruction of past permafrost and monitoring,mapping and evaluation of permafrost and snow cover,and the use of models to predict and evaluate future gradual permafrost *** attention,however,has been given to the rapidly changing permafrost and the associated *** may have led to an underestimation of the rapid changes in the cryolithozone and their effects on the climate,ecosystems,and hydrology systems and on *** particular,natural resources and environmental management in northern countries requires better and more systematic understanding of the history,processes,mechanisms and trends of the northern cryosphere and their environmental and engineering impacts.

关键词： Arctic warming ozone

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Cancer stem cells in glioblastoma—molecular signaling and therapeutic targeting

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Protein & Cell 2010年第7期1卷 638-655页

作者： Zhi Huang Lin Cheng olga A.Guryanova Qiulian Wu Shideng Bao Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195USA

Glioblastomas(GBMs)are highly lethal primary brain *** current therapeutic advances in other solid cancers,the treatment of these malignant gliomas remains essentially *** are extremely resistant to conventional radiation and *** and others have demonstrated that a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of cancer cells called GBM stem cells(GSCs)promotes therapeutic *** also found that GSCs stimulate tumor angiogenesis by expressing elevated levels of VEGF and contribute to tumor growth,which has been translated into a useful therapeutic strategy in the treatment of recurrent or progressive ***,stem cell-like cancer cells(cancer stem cells)have been shown to promote *** GBMs rarely metastasize beyond the central nervous system,these highly infiltrative cancers often invade into normal brain tissues preventing surgical resection,and GSCs display an aggressive invasive *** studies suggest that targeting GSCs may effectively reduce tumor recurrence and significantly improve GBM *** studies indicate that cancer stem cells share core signaling pathways with normal somatic or embryonic stem cells,but also display critical distinctions that provide important clues into useful therapeutic *** this review,we summarize the current understanding and advances in glioma stem cell research,and discuss potential targeting strategies for future development of anti-GSC therapies.

关键词： cancer stem cell glioblastoma therapeutic resistance molecular targeting tumor angiogenesis hypoxia response stem cell niche

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Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Precipitation in the Cis-Ural Region

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第3期33卷 831-838页

作者： Alena S.Kazantseva olga I.Kadebskaya Yuri V.Dublyansky Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences PermRussia Institute of Geology University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

Using the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation(GNIP)method at three stations in the Cis-Ural region(Iskor,Perm,and Kungur),the monitoring results of the isotope composition of atmospheric precipitation conducted in 2016-2019 are *** lines of meteoric waters were obtained for each station and for the Cis-Ural region as a *** latitudinal zoning of changes in isotope parameters from north to south in the Cis-Ural region is noted,which is related to meteorological *** northern regions are characterized by isotopically light values compared to the southern ***,the correlation relationship between the isotopic compositions of atmospheric precipitation and meteorological parameters at each station is *** analysis data show that about 50%-90%of variations in the isotopic composition of precipitation within the annual cycle are determined by the air *** the same time,the amount of precipitation shows a relationship between the average strength and the isotopic composition of precipitation for a series of observations at Kungur Station;for a series of observations at Iskor and Perm stations,there is no *** in the relationship with meteorological data are explained by different sources of moisture introduction to the station and,accordingly,the formation of the isotopic composition of *** flow of moisture is controlled by the transfer of air masses in different directions,the formation of cyclones and ***,for the northern part of the region during the year is characterized by the predominance of cyclones,whereas for the southern-anticyclones.

关键词： precipitation isotopic composition Cis-Ural region correlation relationship Spear-man’s correlation coefficient

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The forecast of fire impact on Pinus sylvestris renewal in southwestern Siberia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 1911-1919页

作者： Stanislav NSannikov Nelly SSannikova Irina VPetrova olga E.Cherepanova Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science 202a8 Marta St.Yekaterinburg 620144Russia

Simulation of fire impact on forest floor renewal in pine forests was based on predictions for 2100 by the Canadian Climate Centre for increase in temperatures of by4.5℃and total precipitation by 14%in the West Siberian pre-forest-steppes and empirical regression relationships between them and the degree of burnt forest floor,as well as amount of Pinus sylvestris *** was predicted that by 2100,pine regeneration on fire prone sites under the canopy of the dominant forest type will increase by 29-54%compared to the 1980 s but on adjacent open sites,regeneration will decrease twice as *** means that the regeneration potential and pine population stability in pre-forest-steppes will become as poor as it is today.

关键词： Fire Forecast Stability Population Mathematical model Seeds Imitation model Undergrowth

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Adaptive Moving Mesh Central-Upwind Schemes for Hyperbolic System of PDEs:Applications to Compressible Euler Equations and Granular Hydrodynamics

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2021年第3期3卷 445-479页

作者： Alexander Kurganov Zhuolin Qu olga S.Rozanova Tong Wu Department of Mathematics and SUSTech International Center for Mathematics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Mathematics The University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78249USA Mathematics and Mechanics Faculty Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia

We introduce adaptive moving mesh central-upwind schemes for one-and two-dimensional hyperbolic systems of conservation and balance *** proposed methods consist of three ***,the solution is evolved by solving the studied system by the second-order semi-discrete central-upwind scheme on either the one-dimensional nonuniform grid or the two-dimensional structured quadrilateral *** the evolution step is complete,the grid points are redistributed according to the moving mesh differential ***,the evolved solution is projected onto the new mesh in a conservative *** resulting adaptive moving mesh methods are applied to the one-and two-dimensional Euler equations of gas dynamics and granular hydrodynamics *** numerical results demonstrate that in both cases,the adaptive moving mesh central-upwind schemes outperform their uniform mesh counterparts.

关键词： Adaptive moving mesh methods Finite-volume methods Central-upwind schemes Moving mesh differential equations Euler equations of gas dynamics Granular hydrodynamics Singular solutions

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Response of soil macrofauna to urban park reconstruction

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Soil Ecology Letters 2023年第2期5卷 127-141页

作者： Olexander Zhukov olga Kunakh Nadiia Yorkina Anna Tutova Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University Hetmanska st.20Melitopol72318Ukraine Oles Gonchar Dnipro National University Gagarin av.72Dnipro49000Ukraine

This study is based on a park in an industrial city in *** 2019,a 2.8 ha area of the park was *** park’s reconstruction aimed to create a comfortable environment for visitors and to improve the efficiency of ecosystem services,and thereby enhance the quality of life of *** reconstruction of the park was found to cause changes in the physical properties of soils and the structure of the soil macrofauna *** increases of soil compaction in the layers at depth 5-20 cm and the soil electrical conductivity were a consequence of technological operations during *** park reconstruction activities can also explain 29% of the variation in the soil macrofauna *** the variation induced by the park reconstruction from the community variation induced by other causes was a major *** specific changes in the community of soil macrofauna following the reconstruction of the park were *** abundance of soil animal species ***,***,***,***,*** was found to increase after the *** earthworm *** decreased in abundance due to the park reconstruction.

关键词： ecosystem services soil physical properties community ordination urban park management variation partitioning

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Searching novel complex solid solution electrocatalysts in unconventional element combinations

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 4780-4784页

作者： olga A.Krysiak Simon Schumacher Alan Savan Wolfgang Schuhmann Alfred Ludwig Corina Andronescu Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences(CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr.150D-44780 BochumGermany Chemical Technology Ⅲ Faculty of ChemistryCarl-Benz-Straße 199D-47057 DuisburgGermany CENIDE-Center for Nanointegration University Duisburg Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199D-47057 DuisburgGermany Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces Institute for MaterialsFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr.150D-44780 BochumGermany ZGH Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr.150D-44780 BochumGermany

Despite outstanding accomplishments in catalyst discovery,finding new,more efficient,environmentally neutral,and noble metalfree catalysts remains challenging and ***,complex solid solutions consisting of at least five different elements and often named as high-entropy alloys have emerged as a new class of electrocatalysts for a variety of *** multicomponent combinations of elements facilitate tuning of active sites and catalytic *** optimal catalyst composition remains difficult,making testing of a very high number of them *** present the high-throughput screening of the electrochemical activity of thin film material libraries prepared by combinatorial co-sputtering of metals which are commonly used in catalysis(Pd,Cu,Ni)combined with metals which are not commonly used in catalysis(Ti,Hf,Zr).Introducing unusual elements in the search space allows discovery of catalytic activity for hitherto unknown *** libraries with very similar composition spreads can show different activities *** trends for different *** order to address the inherent challenge of the huge combinatorial material space and the inability to predict active electrocatalyst compositions,we developed a high-throughput process based on co-sputtered material libraries,and performed high-throughput characterization using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),scanning transmission electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and conductivity measurements followed by electrochemical screening by means of a scanning droplet *** results show surprising material compositions with increased activity for the oxygen reduction reaction and the hydrogen evolution *** data are important input data for future data-driven materials prediction.

关键词： high-entropy alloys electrocatalysis high-throughput screening thin films hydrogen evolution reaction oxygen reduction reaction

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Prediction on grinding force during grinding powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 with electroplated CBN abrasive wheel

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第8期34卷 65-74页

作者： Benkai LI Chenwei DAI Wenfeng DING Changyong YANG Changhe LI olga KULIK Vyacheslav SHUMYACHER National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China College of Mechanical Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China School of Mechanical Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520China Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute(Branch)Volgograd State Technical University 42a Engelsa StreetVolzhskyVolgograd Region 404121Russia

In this article,a grinding force model,which is on the basis of cutting process of single abrasive grains combined with the method of theoretical derivation and empirical formula by analyzing the formation mechanism of grinding force,was *** key factors have been taken into accounts in this model,such as the contact friction force between abrasive grains and materials,the plastic deformation of material in the process of abrasive plowing,and the shear strain effect of material during the process of cutting chips *** model was finally validated by the orthogonal grinding experiment of powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 by using the electroplated CBN abrasive *** force values of prediction and experiment were in good *** errors of tangential grinding force and normal grinding force were 9.8%and 13.6%,*** contributions of sliding force,plowing force and chip formation force were also *** addition,the tangential forces of sliding,plowing and chip formation are 14%,19%and 11%of the normal forces on average,*** pro-posed grinding forcemodel is not only in favor of optimizing the grinding parameters and improving grinding efficiency,but also contributes to study some other grinding subjects(*** wheel wear,grinding heat,residual stress).

关键词： Electro-plated CBN abrasive wheel Grinding force model Grinding mechanism Orthogonal experiment Powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96

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A new tectonic model for the Itmurundy Zone,central Kazakhstan:linking ocean plate stratigraphy,timing of accretion and subduction polarity

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 245-273页

作者： Inna Safonova Ilya Savinskiy Alina Perfilova olga Obut Alexandra Gurova Sergei Krivonogov Southwest Jiaotong University Xi’an Road 999ChengduChina Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RASKoptyuga Ave.3NovosibirskRussia Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St.2NovosibirskRussia Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS Koptyuga Ave.3NovosibirskRussia

The Itmurundy Zone of Central Kazakhstan is a key structure in the core of the Kazakh Orocline representing a typical Pacific-type orogenic belt hosting accretionary complex,ophiolite massifs and serpentinite mé*** main controversies in the existing tectonic models of the Itmurundy Zone are about the timing of subduction and accretion,the direction and kinematics of subduction and the number of oceanic plates.A new model for the early Paleozoic tectonic story of the Itmurundy Zone is postulated in this paper,based on new detailed geological and U-Pb detrital zircon age data,combined with previously documented geological,U-Pb age,microfossil,geochemical and isotope data from igneous rocks,deep-sea sediments and greywacke *** present study employs the Ocean Plate Stratigraphy(OPS)model to explain the tectonic processes involved in the evolution of the Itmurundy Zone and to pre-sent a holistic story of Ordovician oceanic plate(s),which accretion formed an accretionary *** detailed mapping allows distinguishing three types of OPS assemblages:(1)Chert-dominated,(2)OIB-hosting,and(3)*** U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from sandstones of OIB and Chert types show unimodal distributions with similar main peaks of magmatism at 460-455 Ma in the provenance,and their maximum depositional ages(MDA)span 455-433 *** samples from OPS Type 3 show the peaks of magmatism both at ca.460 Ma and the MDA of 452 Ma and 459 Ma,*** MDA of sandstones and microfossils data from chert show the younging of strata to the south and SE in Types 1 and 2 and to NEE for Type 3(in present coordinates)suggesting double-sided subduction to the NNW and SEE and,accordingly,the co-existence of pieces of two oceanic plates in Ordovician *** U-Pb zircon data from both igneous and clastic rocks indicate a period of subduction erosion in early Ordovician *** a whole,the accreted OPS units of the Itmurundy Zone record the timing of subduction and accre

关键词： Central Asian Orogenic Belt Accretionary complex Magmatic rocks Sedimentary rocks Subduction polarity Lithospheric plates

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Chemical geothermometry:application to mud volcanic waters of the Caucasus region

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第4期14卷 738-757页

作者： olga E.Kikvadze Vasilii Yu.Lavrushin Boris G.Polyak Geological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow119017Russia Siberian Branch of the RAS V.S.Sobolev Institute of Geology and MineralogyNovosibirsk630090Russia

The generation temperatures of gas-water fluids released from mud volcanoes in different provinces of the Caucasian region have been constrained using Mg/Li(T_(Mg/Li))chemical *** volcanic fluids in the Taman Peninsula(Kerch-Taman mud volcanic province)were generated at temperatures(T_(Mg/Li))from 41℃ to 137℃.The depths of the respective mud reservoirs estimated from T_(Mg/Li) values and local geothermal gradient are in a range of 1.0 to 3.4 km which spans the Maykop Formation of marine *** the South Caspian province,the T_(Mg/Li) values of waters vary from 18℃ to 137℃ and the respective root depths HMg/Li of mud volcanoes range from∼0.85 to 6.5 *** obtained T_(Mg/Li) values for the analyzed mud volcanic waters from Caucasian provinces are in positive correlation with HCO3^(−)contents and water oxygen isotope compositions(δ^(18)OH_(2)O andΔδ^(18)OH_(2)O)and in high negative correlation with Cl^(−).The increase of T_(Mg/Li) toward the Greater Caucasus Range,as well as the lateral T_(Mg/Li) patterns in the Taman and South Caspian mud volcanic provinces,support the idea that mud volcanic fluids generate at temperatures increasing progressively toward the Alpine orogenic belt.

关键词： mud volcano fluid chemical geothermometry stable isotopes Caucasus region

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