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Effects of chitosan coatings fused with medicinal plant extracts on postharvest quality and storage stability of purple passion fruit(Passiflora edulis ***)

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第1期6卷 93-111页

作者： Kwanele A.Nxumalo olaniyi A.Fawole Postharvest Research Laboratory Department of Botany and Plant BiotechnologyUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburgSouth Africa

Chitosan edible coating(Ch;2%,mass concentration)enriched with 2%of 0.1 mg/L Bidens pilosa(Ch+B),Lippia javanica(Ch+L),Syzygium cordatum(Ch+S),or Ximenia caffra(Ch+X)was applied as a composite edible coating in alleviating shrivel and maintaining the quality of purple passion fruit(Passiflora edulis ***).Treated fruit was dipped for 3 min in the coating solution,and control fruit was dipped in distilled *** fruit were stored at(8±2)℃and 90%±5%relative humidity(RH)for 32 *** was done every 8 d plus 3 d(20±2)℃and(50%±5%)RH to simulate retail *** of medicinal plant extracts in the chitosan matrix varied;lower ethylene production(82.42μL C_(2)H_(4)/(kg·h))was seen in fruit coated with Ch+S,and the lowest respiration rate(75 mL CO_(2)/(kg·h))was observed in fruit coated with Ch+*** control fruit showed the highest ethylene production(84.90μL C_(2)H_(4)/(kg·h))and respiration rate(117.98 mL CO_(2)/(kg·h)).Fruit coated with Ch+B had the lowest weight loss(41.67%),higher juice content(60.13%)and BrimA(3.31);while the control fruit had the highest weight loss(88.03%),lowest juice content(21.90%),and BrimA(2.49).Shrivel incidence was lowest(23.70%)on fruit coated with Ch+L and highest(83.30%)on the control *** coated with Ch+X had the lowest electrolyte leakage(71.40%),while the control fruit had the highest(91.97%).Fruit coated with chitosan alone performed better than the control fruit but did not exceed the quality of composite chitosan-coated *** on the principal component analysis,it can be concluded that passion fruit coated with Ch+B was more effective in alleviating shrivel incidence,better maintained the quality ofpassion fruit duringstorage,andshows potential for commercial applications.

关键词： Quality attributes anthocyanins perishability respiration granadilla

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Metabolic responses of indigenous bacteria in chicken faeces and maggots to multiple antibiotics via heavy water labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 394-402页

作者： Oladipo Oladiti olaniyi Hongzhe Li Yongguan Zhu Li Cui Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Department of Microbiology Federal University of TechnologyPMB 704 AkureNigeria University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The use of maggots derived from chicken faeces as fish diets might serve as a vehicle for the widespread of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB) in the environment. Heavy water labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy(D_(2)O-Raman) was applied to detect the metabolic responses of indigenous bacteria in chicken faeces and maggots to different concentrations of combined colistin, kanamycin, and vancomycin. By incubating the samples with D_(2)O and antibiotics, metabolically active bacterial cells to antibiotics were distinguished from those inactive by the exhibition of C-D Raman band. Using the C-D band as a universal metabolic biomarker, 96% and 100% of cells in chicken faeces and maggots were revealed to be metabolically active to 1 × minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) of the aforementioned antibiotics. A noticeable decrease in the percentage of active cells from 96% to 76% in faeces and 100% to 93% in maggots was observed at 5 × MIC of antibiotics. However, these ratios were still far above that obtained from the same faeces(1.84%) and maggots(0.51%) samples using a cultivation method, indicating the wide presence of nongrowing but metabolically active bacterial cells under antibiotic treatment. Conclusively, the cultureindependent D_(2)O-Raman approach detected and quantified a large portion of metabolically active indigenous bacteria to multiple antibiotics in their native environments, illustrating the great potential risks of these active cells to spread antibiotic resistance via food chain.

关键词： Chicken faeces and maggot Antibiotic resistance Heavy water-Raman spectroscopy Single-cell Metabolically active cells

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Inherent Nature ＆ Dynamics of Political Stability in China

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2015年第2期8卷 291-311页

作者： Adetoro olaniyi Banwo Department of Chinese History School of Humanities Xiamen University 422 Siming SouthRoad Siming Xiamen 361005 Fujian People's Republic of China

For any society to progress, there must be sensitive leadership that is willing to stir the affairs of the country toward the right direction, the provision of a good life, security, opportunity to exist peacefully, a functioning legal system, responsive government, economic prosperity are all fundamental elements for sta- bility, and progress in any society. With a strong leadership in China, it has grown to become the newest and emerging super economic power bloc of the twenty-first century. Government adoption of philosophies such as the Mandate of Heaven, putting the people first, rule by virtue and deep economic reforms has not only bolstered it＇s authority to rule but has fortified the ruling party position as the only legitimate ruler of the greatest populated country in the world. This article develops a perception that stability of any society can only be achieved when it is deeply rooted in the philosophical ideology of that society and pursuing the core interests of the people. This work sets out to explain and examine the nature of the Chinese Communist Party dynamics in ensuring political stability in China over the decades of its inception into the political stream of the nation state.

关键词： Legitimacy Civil order Efficiency Chinese Communist Party

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Harvest and Postharvest Factors Affecting Bruise Damage of Fresh Fruits

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2020年第1期6卷 1-13页

作者： Zaharan Hussein olaniyi a.a.ole Umezuruike Linus Opara Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory South African Research Chair in Postharvest TechnologyDepartment of Food ScienceFaculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7602South Africa Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory South African Research Chair in Postharvest TechnologyDepartment of Horticultural ScienceFaculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7602South Africa

Fresh fruits are susceptible to bruising, a common type of mechanical damage during harvest and at all stages of postharvest handling. In quest of developing and adoption of strategies to reduce bruise damage, it is of utmost importance to understand major factors influencing bruise susceptibility of fresh produce at these stages. This review presents a critical discussion of factors affecting bruising during harvest and postharvest handling of fresh fruits. Excessive compression forces during harvesting by handpicking or machines, and a series of impacts during harvesting, transport and packhouse operations can cause severe bruise damage. The review has further revealed that bruising is dependent on a number of other factors such as produce maturity, ripening, harvest time(during the day or season) and time lapse after harvest. The susceptibility to bruising is partly dependent on how these factors alter the produce physiological and biochemical properties, and the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and several other postharvest treatments. Hence, the successful applications of harvesting techniques by use of trained personnel and proper harvesting equipment are essential to reduce both the incidence and severity of ***, the careful selection of postharvest handling temperature and other treatments can increase resistance of fresh produce to bruise damage.

关键词： bruise damage harvest postharvest fruit quality

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CONVERGENCE OF HYBRID VISCOSITY AND STEEPEST-DESCENT METHODS FOR PSEUDOCONTRACTIVE MAPPINGS AND NONLINEAR HAMMERSTEIN EQUATIONS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2018年第2期38卷 610-626页

作者： Yekini SHEHU olaniyi.S.IYIOLA Department of Mathematics University of Nigeria Department of Mathematics Minnesota State University

In this article, we first introduce an iterative method based on the hybrid viscos- ity approximation method and the hybrid steepest-descent method for finding a fixed point of a Lipschitz pseudocontractive mapping （assuming existence） and prove that our proposed scheme has strong convergence under some mild conditions imposed on algorithm parameters in real Hilbert spaces. Next, we introduce a new iterative method for a solution of a non- linear integral equation of Hammerstein type and obtain strong convergence in real Hilbert spaces. Our results presented in this article generalize and extend the corresponding results on Lipschitz pseudocontractive mapping and nonlinear integral equation of Hammerstein type reported by some authors recently. We compare our iterative scheme numerically with other iterative scheme for solving non-linear integral equation of Hammerstein type to verify the efficiency and implementation of our new method.

关键词： Lipschitz pseudocontractive mapping monotone operators equations of Hammerstein type strong convergence Hilbert spaces

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Manufacturing tolerant topology optimization

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2009年第2期25卷 227-239页

作者： ole Sigmund Department

In this paper we present an extension of the topology optimization method to include uncertainties during the fabrication of macro, micro and nano structures. More specifically, we consider devices that are manufactured using processes which may result in （uniformly） too thin （eroded） or too thick （dilated） structures compared to the intended topology. Examples are MEMS devices manufactured using etching processes, nano-devices manufactured using e-beam lithography or laser micro-machining and macro structures manufactured using milling processes. In the suggested robust topology optimization approach, under- and over-etching is modelled by image processing-based ＂erode＂ and ＂dilate＂ operators and the optimization problem is formulated as a worst case design problem. Applications of the method to the design of macro structures for minimum compliance and micro compliant mechanisms show that the method provides manufacturing tolerant designs with little decrease in performance. As a positive side effect the robust design formulation also eliminates the longstanding problem of one-node connected hinges in compliant mechanism design using topology optimization.

关键词： Topology optimization Robust designCompliant mechanisms Manufacturing constraints

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Instrumented and Vickers Indentation for the Characterization of Stiffness,Hardness and Toughness of Zirconia Toughened Al_2O_3 and SiC Armor

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第8期31卷 773-783页

作者： Aleksandra Nastic Ali Merati Mariusz Bielawski Manon Bolduc olaniyi Fakolujo Michel Nganbe Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Ottawa National Research Council Canada Defence R&D Canada(DRDC Valcartier)

Instrumented and Vickers indentation testing and microstructure analysis were used to investigate zirconia toughened alumina （ZTA） and silicon carbide （SIC）. Several equations were studied to relate the Vickers indentation hardness, Young＇s modulus and crack behavior to the fracture toughness. The frac- ture in SiC is unstable and occurs primarily by cleavage leading to a relatively low toughness of 3 MPa m1/2, which may be inappropriate for multi-hit capability. ZTA absorbs energy by plastic deformation, pore collapse, crack deviation and crack bridging and exhibits time dependent creep. With a relatively high toughness around 6.6 MPa m1/2, ZTA is promising for multi-hit capability. The higher accuracy of median equations in calculating the indentation fracture toughness and the relatively high c/a ratios above 2.5 suggest median type cracking for both SiC and ZTA. The Young＇s modulus of both ceramics was most accurately measured at lower indentation loads of about 0.5 kgf, while more accurate hardness and fracture toughness values were obtained at intermediate and at higher indentation loads beyond 5 kgf, respectively. A strong indentation size effect （ISE） was observed in both materials. The load independent hardness of SiC is 2563 HV, putting it far above the standard armor hardness requirement of 1500 HV that is barely met by ZTA.

关键词： Zirconia toughened alumina Silicon carbide Armor Vickers indentation fracture toughness Elastic modulus Vickers hardness

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Postharvest physiological responses of pomegranate fruit (cv. Wonderful) to exogenous putrescine treatment and effects on physico-chemical and phytochemical properties

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2020年第2期9卷 146-161页

作者： olaniyi Amos Fawole Julian Atukuri Ebrahiema Arendse Umezuruike Obia Opara Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory South African Research Chair in Postharvest TechnologyDepartment of Horticultural ScienceFaculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Stellenbosch7602South Africa Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory South African Research Chair in Postharvest TechnologyDepartment of Food ScienceFaculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Stellenbosch7602South Africa Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology University of JohannesburgP.O.Box 524Auckland Park 2006JohannesburgSouth Africa

Pomegranate fruit(***)were treated with putrescine(1,2 and 3 mmol/L)before storage for 4 months at 5℃ and 95%RH and the effects on postharvest life and quality attributes were *** showed that incidence of physiological disorders such as external decay,husk scald,chilling injury and aril browning increased with progressive storage but treating pomegranate fruit with putrescine reduced incidence of most *** fruit had higher levels of external decay(1.72%–33.26%),chilling injury(10.53%–38.77%)and scalding(15.04%–100%)with less attractive color during 4 month *** were observed on other fruit quality parameters although treatment with putrescine at 2 and 3 mmol/L concentration reduced changes in color,total soluble solid,Titratable acidity and ascorbic *** parameters were best preserved in fruit treated with 2 mmol/L concentration of putrescine with respect to juiciness and *** of pomegranate fruit with putrescine resulted in improved storability and fruit quality during ***,for short term storage,2 mmol/L concentration of putrescine could be recommended for maintaining fruit quality especially in the first two months of ***,for longer storage period,a higher concentration is recommended,as 3 mmol/L concentration was the most effective in alleviating disorders and maintaining physico-chemical parameters and sensory attributes during storage in this study.

关键词： Decay Chilling injury Phytochemical Sensory properties Principal component analysis

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Mechanisms of species divergence through visual adaptation and sexual selection:Perspectives from a cichlid model system

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 285-299页

作者： Martine E.MAAN ole SEEHAUSEN Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Eawag Centre of Ecology Evolution and Biogeochemistry(CEEB)

The theory of ecological speciation suggests that assortative mating evolves most easily when mating preferences aredirectly linked to ecological traits that are subject to divergent selection. Sensory adaptation can play a major role in this process,because selective mating is often mediated by sexual signals: bright colours, complex song, pheromone blends and so on. Whendivergent sensory adaptation affects the perception of such signals, mating patterns may change as an immediate ***, mating preferences can diverge as a result of indirect effects: assortative mating may be promoted by selectionagainst intermediate phenotypes that are maladapted to their (sensory) environment. For Lake Victoria cichlids, the visual environmentconstitutes an important selective force that is heterogeneous across geographical and water depth gradients. We investigatethe direct and indirect effects of this heterogeneity on the evolution of female preferences for alternative male nuptial colours(red and blue) in the genus Pundamilia. Here, we review the current evidence for divergent sensory drive in this system, extractgeneral principles, and discuss future perspectives [Current Zoology 56 (3): 285-299, 2010].

关键词： Cichlid Sexual selection Species divergence Visual adaptation

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Topology optimization of 3D shell structures with porous infill

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第4期33卷 778-791页

作者： Anders Clausen Erik Andreassen ole Sigmund Department of Mechanical Engineering Solid MechanicsTechnical University of Denmark 2800 Lyngby Denmark

This paper presents a 3D topology optimization approach for designing shell structures with a porous or void interior. It is shown that the resulting structures are significantly more robust towards load perturbations than completely solid structures optimized under the same conditions. The study indicates that the potential benefit of using porous structures is higher for lower total volume *** to earlier work dealing with 2D topology optimization, we found several new effects in 3D problems. Most notably, the opportunity for designing closed shells significantly improves the performance of porous structures due to the sandwich effect. Furthermore, the paper introduces improved filter boundary conditions to ensure a completely uniform coating thickness at the design domain boundary.

关键词： porous shells topology interior perturbations opportunity dealing earlier stiffness struc

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