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Individual and contextual factors associated with childhood malnutrition:a multilevel analysis of the double burden of childhood malnutrition in 27 countries

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Global Health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 69-80页

作者： Mukhtar A.Ijaiya Seun Anjorin olalekan a.uthman Jhpiego Plot 971Rueben Okoya CrescentOff Okonjo Iweala StreetWuye DistrictAbujaFCTNigeria Division of Health Sciences Warwick Centre for Global HealthWarwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

Background:Malnutrition is a key global health challenge and a major contributor to childhood morbidity and *** recent times,the contrasting coexistence of undernutrition including micronutrient deficiencies and overweight/obesity called double burden of malnutrition has been noted at individual,household or population level and/or at different times in *** objective of this study was to examine individual,neighborhood and country level factors that are associated with the double burden of childhood ***:We conducted multivariable multilevel logistic regression analyses on the most recent demographic and health datasets from surveys conducted between 2015 and 2020 in low-and middle-income *** analyzed data of 138,782 children(level 1)living in 13,788 communities(level 2)from 27 countries(level 3).Results:The results of our analysis show variation in childhood malnutrition across the 27 countries from as low as 6.5%in Burundi to as high as 29.5%in Timor *** adjusting for all level factors,we found that those who were wasted/overweight tended to have had an episode of diarrhea or fever in the last two weeks preceding the survey,were part of a multiple birth,were being breastfed at the time of the survey and born to mothers with more than one under 5-child resident in neighborhoods with high illiteracy and unemployment *** intra-neighbourhood and intra-country correlation coefficients were estimated using the intercept component variance;44.3%and 21.0%of variance in odds of double burden of childhood malnutrition are consequent upon neighborhood and country level factors ***:Evidence of geographical clustering in childhood malnutrition at community and country levels was found in our study with variability due to neighborhood level factors twice that of country level ***,strategies in tackling the double burden of malnutrition must consider these shared drivers,contextual barriers a

关键词： Multilevel Malnutrition Childhood

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Mass media exposure and its impact on malaria prevention behaviour among adult women in sub-Saharan Africa:results from malaria indicator surveys

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Global Health Research and Policy 2018年第1期3卷 175-183页

作者： Sanni Yaya olalekan a.uthman Agbessi Amouzou Ghose Bishwajit School of International Development and Global Studies University of Ottawa120University PrivateOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada Warwick Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery(WCAHRD) Division of Health SciencesWarwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University615 N Wolfe StBaltimoreMD 21205USA

Background:Mass media exposure plays a pivotal role in health communication and adoption of a healthy *** this study,we aimed to measure the prevalence of malaria prevention behaviour among adult women in eight malariaendemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),and assess the influence of mass media exposure in the adoption of those ***:For this study,we collected cross-sectional data on 46,822 women aged between 15 and 49 years from the Malaria Indicator Surveys(MIS)conducted in Burkina Faso,Ghana,Mali,Malawi,Kenya,Nigeria,Sierra Leone and *** the outcome variable,malaria prevention behaviour was proxied by the use of insecticide treated nets(ITNs)and uptake of antimalarial drugs in last ***:The overall prevalence of sleeping under ITN and that of taking antimalarial drug during the last pregnancy was respectively 67.9%(95%CI=66.6-69.2)and 72.8%(95%CI=71.3-74.2).However,there were disparities in the prevalence of using ITN and antimalarial drug use across the study *** the multivariable regression analysis,not receiving malaria related information from radio,poster/billboards,community events,and health workers were found to be significantly associated with reduction in the odds of using ITN the previous *** the use of antimalarial drugs during last pregnancy,the odds were 23%[OR=0.773,95%CI=0.625-0.956]lower for those who did not receive malaria information on radio compared with those who ***:These findings indicate a potentially important role of malaria information received through mass media on utilisation of ITN among women in *** research is needed to explore the factors that limit the accessibility to malaria information through mass media.

关键词： Malaria prevention behaviour Insecticide treated nets Antimalarial drugs Global health Sub-Saharan Africa

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Disparities in caesarean section prevalence and determinants across sub-Saharan Africa countries

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Global Health Research and Policy 2018年第1期3卷 184-192页

作者： Sanni Yaya olalekan a.uthman Agbessi Amouzou Ghose Bishwajit School of International Development and Global Studies University of OttawaOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada Warwick Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery(WCAHRD) Division of Health SciencesWarwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA

Background:Access to safe Cesarean section(C-section)in resource-constrained settings such as sub-Sahara Africa(SSA)region is a foremost approach to reduce maternal mortality.C-section is an obstetric operative procedure used appropriately to improve delivery ***,errors in the procedure have enormous potential harm that may outweigh the *** study assessed the prevalence and determinants of C-section in several SSA *** study examined the prevalence and determinants associated with cesarean delivery in SSA ***:Secondary data of women of reproductive age(15-49 years)from the current Demographic and Health Survey(DHS)in 34 SSA countries was utilized in this *** mode of delivery among women was the primary outcome *** and descriptive statistics were used to conduct univariate ***,multivariable multilevel logistic regression was used to investigate correlates of C-section among SSA ***:Results showed disparities in the percentage of C-section among women from 34 SSA countries.C-section at public healthcare settings ranged from 3%in Burkina Faso to 15.6%in ***,in private healthcare settings,C-section ranged from 0%in Sao Tome and Principe to 64.2%in ***,C-section was 7.9%from public healthcare and 12.3%from private healthcare facilities *** the adjusted regression model;women aged 35-49 had increase in the odds of C-section,while a unit increase in the number of children ever born had 17 and 20%significant reduction in the odds of C-section in public and private healthcare *** public healthcare settings;women from richer/richest households,male and large size children at birth had increase in the odds of C-section,while those from rich neighbourhood had reduction in the odds of *** private healthcare settings,women with high decision making power and multiple births had increase in the odds of C-section,while those wh

关键词： Cesarean section Delivery Sub-Saharan Africa Vaginal birth Maternal health Global health

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What does women’s empowerment have to do with malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa?Evidence from demographic and health surveys from 30 countries

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Global Health Research and Policy 2020年第1期5卷 423-433页

作者： Sanni Yaya Emmanuel Kolawole Odusina olalekan a.uthman Ghose Bishwajit School of International Development and Global Studies University of Ottawa120University PrivateOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada The George Institute for Global Health The University of OxfordOxfordUK Department of Demography and Social Statistics Federal UniversityOyeEkitiNigeria Warwick Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery(WCAHRD) Division of Health SciencesWarwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

Background:The reduction of childhood malnutrition has been identified as a priority for health and development in sub Saharan African *** association between women’s empowerment and children’s nutritional status is of policy interest due to its effect on human development,labour supply,productivity,economic growth and *** study aimed to determine the association between women’s empowerment and childhood nutritional status in sub Saharan African ***:The study utilized secondary datasets of women in their child bearing age(15-49 years)from the latest Demographic and Health Survey(DHS)conducted in 2011-2017 across 30 sub Saharan Africa *** outcome variable of the study was childhood nutritional status while the exposure variable was women’s empowerment indicators such as decision making and attitude towards *** were performed at bivariate level with the use of chi square to determine association between outcome and exposure variables and at multivariate level with the use of regression models to examine the effect of women’s empowerment on childhood nutritional ***:Women’s socio-demographic and other selected characteristics were statistically significantly associated with childhood nutritional status(stunted and underweight)at p<*** characteristics were also statistically significantly associated with empowerment status of women(Decision-making,Violence attitudes and Experience of violence)at p<0.001 except for child age and *** association between childhood nutritional statuses and women’s empowerment(all three empowerment measures)was significant after controlling for other covariates that could also influence childhood nutrition statuses at p<*** of the empowerment measures(attitudes towards violence and experience of violence)showed positive association with childhood nutritional statuses while the third(decision-making)showed negative ***:There is an indepe

关键词： Women’s empowerment Stunting Underweight Childhood nutrition Global health Sub Saharan Africa

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Co-morbidity of malnutrition with falciparum malaria parasitaemia among children under the aged 6-59 months in Somalia:a geostatistical analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 714-722页

作者： Damaris K.Kinyoki Grainne M.Moloney olalekan a.uthman Elijah O.Odundo Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala Abdisalan M.Noor Robert W.Snow James A.Berkley Spatial Health Metrics Group INFORM ProjectKenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeNairobiKenya Nutrition Section United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF)Kenya Country OfficeUN Complex GigiriNairobiKenya Warwick Medical School Health Sciences Research InstituteWarwick EvidenceUniversity of WarwickGibbet HillCoventry CV47ALUK Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit(FSNAU)-Somalia Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsNgecha Road CampusNairobiKenya Department of Mathematics and Information sciences Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of AgderKristiansandNorway Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme Centre for Geographic Medicine Research(coast)KilifiKenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordCCVTMOxford OX37LJUK

Background:Malnutrition and malaria are both significant causes of morbidity and mortality in African ***,the extent of their spatial comorbidity remains unexplored and an understanding of their spatial correlation structure would inform improvement of integrated *** aimed to determine the spatial correlation between both wasting and low mid upper arm circumference(MUAC)and falciparum malaria among Somalian children aged 6-59 ***:Data were from 49227 children living in 888 villages between 2007 to *** developed a Bayesian geostatistical shared component model in order to determine the common spatial distributions of wasting and falciparum malaria;and low-MUAC and falciparum malaria at 1×1 km spatial ***:The empirical correlations with malaria were 0.16 and 0.23 for wasting and low-MUAC *** spatial residual effects were statistically significant for both wasting and *** posterior spatial relative risk was highest for low-MUAC and malaria(range:0.19 to 5.40)and relatively lower between wasting and malaria(range:0.11 to 3.55).Hotspots for both wasting and low-MUAC with malaria occurred in the South Central region in ***:The findings demonstrate a relationship between nutritional status and falciparum malaria parasitaemia,and support the use of the relatively simpler MUAC measurement in *** spatial distribution and distinct hotspots present opportunities for targeted seasonal chemoprophylaxis and other forms of malaria prevention integrated within nutrition programmes.

关键词： Malnutrition Wasting Low-MUAC Malaria Comorbidity Somalia

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A Bibliometric Analysis of Childhood Malnutrition Research Productivity in Africa over a Twenty-Year Period (1999-2019)

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第10期9卷 40-54页

作者： Mukhtar A. Ijaiya Seun Anjorin olalekan A. uthman Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Warwick Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCAHRD) Division of Health Sciences Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK

Background: Africa remains the epicenter of the global burden of malnutrition and the only region the number of stunted children is on the rise. A major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst children, it has been associated with factors such as poverty, food insecurity, maternal education and socio-economic inequalities. The role of research publication has been noted in providing an important connection between knowledge creation and translation of evidence to practice. Therefore, to determine the trend and the efforts put in place to eliminate malnutrition in the African region, bibliometric analysis was used to cumulatively present research productivity. The aim of this study was to assess childhood malnutrition research productivity in Africa, quantifying gaps, the most significant factors associated with the citations and future bibliometrics study path. Methods: A search of the PubMed database was conducted in December 2020 in order to obtain the childhood malnutrition research volume of each African country over a twenty-year period. The search was conducted and metadata of publications and articles gathered from the PubMed database using the PubMedR package. A comparative weighting for population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was done by calculating the ratio of the number of articles from each country to their respective populations and GDP. Poisson regression models were used to examine the publication productivity time trends over the twenty-year period. The association between research productivity, population size and GDP were examined using the Pearson correlation analysis. Results: A total of 11,758 articles on childhood malnutrition indexed on PubMed were returned and described in this study. Six countries—South Africa, Ethiopia, Egypt, Nigeria, Kenya and Malawi account for about half of total publications. However, when controlled for population and GDP, much smaller countries Cape Verde, Swaz

关键词： Bibliometric Analysis Malnutrition Childhood

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Assessing Capacity and Implementation Status of the Disaster Risk Management Strategy for Health and Community Disaster Resilience in Malawi

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第5期12卷 673-688页

作者： Ozius Dewa Donald Makoka olalekan A.Ayo-Yusuf Southern Africa Resilience Innovation Lab(SARiLab) School of Health Systems and Public HealthUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002GautengSouth Africa Centre for Agricultural Research and Development Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesLilongweCentral RegionMalawi

Floods are among the most frequently occurring natural hazards in Malawi,often with public health *** mixed methods study assessed the capacity for and implementation status of the disaster risk management(DRM)strategy for the health sector in Malawi,using flooding in the Nsanje District as a *** were collected using desk review and a workshop methodology involving key officials from government ministries,national and international development partners,and the *** results show that Malawi had recently strengthened its DRM institutional frameworks,with a pronounced policy shift from reactive to proactive management of *** sector personnel and structures were key contributors in the design and implementation of DRM activities at all *** partners played a significant role in strengthening DRM coordination and implementation *** of funding and the limited availability,and often fragmented nature,of vulnerability and risk assessment data were identified as key *** human resource capacity and inadequate planning processes at district level impeded full implementation of DRM *** findings call for community-level interventions for improved coordination,planning,and human resource capacity to strengthen community disaster resilience and improve public *** approach used in this study can serve as a model framework for other districts in Malawi,as well as in other low-and middle-income countries in the context of Sendai Framework implementation.

关键词： Community disaster resilience Disaster risk management Health Malawi Policy

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Power-flow-tracing-based congestion management in hydro-thermal optimal power flow algorithm

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第3期7卷 538-548页

作者： Muyideen olalekan LAWAL Olusola KOMOLAFE Titus Oluwasuji AJEWOLE Osun State University OsogboNigeria Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-IfeNigeria

This paper presents a method for managing congestion constraints in a hydro-thermal optimal power flow solution procedure. The congestion constraint is handled in this paper as an active power generation constraint. To achieve this solution, a power flow tracing technique is used to detect the generators contributing to line congestion and penalize themby reducing their outputs. The congestion is then removed by setting the maximum power of the affected generators to the penalized value. The proposed algorithm is implemented using MATLAB software. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is tested and the results for the 5-bus,30-bus, and 34-bus Nigerian power networks are presented.

关键词： Congestion Power flow tracing Transmission line Hydro-thermal

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Evaluation of directly observed treatment short courses at a secondary health institution in Ibadan,Oyo State,Southwestern Nigeria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第12期6卷 952-959页

作者： Olajire A.Adegoke olalekan A.Orokotan Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria

Objective:To evaluate the success rate of tuberculosis intervention programme at a specialist hospital in(?)badan,Nigeria through a retrospective study as well as carry out physicochemical evaluation of anti-tuberculous agents as a way of eliminating drug-related ***:The retrospective study involved the use of quarterly tuberculosis central register at the Government Chest Hospital,(?)badan between 1st quarter(2003)to 4th quarter(2009).Relevant data were extracted from these register with the aid of data collection *** basic physicochemical analyses of the drugs given to the patients were also carried out using the International Pharmacopoeia ***:All the drugs examined for their physicochemical properties passed the International Pharmacopeia recommended tests.A total number of 1 260 patients enrolled at the hospital were assessed through case *** comprises of 59.4%males of which69.23%new cases were also *** was a significant(P0.05).Failure rates in all categories were higher in males than females(P>0.05).Conclusions:More enlightenment and counseling is still required to meet up with the target for TB control.

关键词： Tuberculosis DOTS therapy Success rate Anti-TB drugs Physicochemical evaluation

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Catalytic activities of ultra-small β-FeOOH nanorods in ozonation of 4-chlorophenol

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第9期27卷 83-90页

作者： Ogheneochuko Oputu Mahabubur Chowdhury Kudzanai Nyamayaro olalekan Fatoki Veruscha Fester Department of Chemistry Cape Peninsula University of Technology Flow Process and Rheology Centre Cape Peninsula University of Technology

We report the catalytic properties of ultra-small β-FeOOH nanorods in ozonation of4-chlorophenol（4-CP）. XRD, TEM, EDS, SAED, FTIR and BET were used to characterize the prepared material. Interaction between O3 and β-FeOOH was evident from the FTIR *** removal efficiency of 4-CP was significantly enhanced in the presence of β-FeOOH compared to ozone alone. Removal efficiency of 99% and 67% was achieved after 40 min in the presence of combined ozone and catalyst and ozone only, respectively. Increasing catalyst load increased COD removal efficiency. Maximum COD removal of 97% was achieved using a catalyst load of 0.1 g/100 m L of 4-CP solution. Initial 4-CP concentration was not found to be rate limiting below 2 × 10^-3mol/L. The catalytic properties of the material during ozonation process were found to be pronounced at lower initial p H of *** stage first order kinetics was applied to describe the kinetic behavior of the nanorods at low p H. The first stage of catalytic ozonation was attributed to the heterogeneous surface breakdown of O3 by β-FeOOH, while the second stage was attributed to homogeneous catalysis initiated by reductive dissolution of β-FeOOH at low p H.

关键词： Ultra-small β-FeOOH Heterogeneous–homogeneous catalysis Catalytic ozonation Waste water treatment

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