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Relationship between Serum Leptin and Adiponectin Levels in Obese Nigerians with Type 2 Diabetes Subjects

Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2023年第3期13卷 248-256页

作者： Rosemary Temidayo Ikem Ugochukwu Rosemary Mosanya Gbadebo Oladimeji David Ajani okechukwu obumneme ezekpo David Olubukunmi Soyoye Department of Medicine Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife Nigeria Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex Ile Ife Nigeria Department of Medicine Afe Babalola University Ado Ekiti & Federal Medical Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti Nigeria Department of Medicine Afe Babalola University & Multi-System Hospital Ado Ekiti Nigeria

Background: Obesity is rising globally, independent of ethnicity, race and age, and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity especially in persons living with diabetes. The effect of adipokines such as leptin, resistin and adiponectin which are secreted by adipose tissue factors has been linked to the increased risk of the cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Aim: This study aims to assess the levels of serum leptin and serum adiponectin in obese type 2 diabetes subjects, and their relationship with cardio-metabolic component (using lipid profile). Method: This is a cross-sectional comparative hospital-based study in which one hundred and fifty participants grouped into 60 obese, 60 non-obese none diabetic and 30 non-obese non-diabetic adults with similar age from the Endocrinology outpatient’s clinic, General outpatient department (GOPD) and staff clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC). Anthropometric parameters and other relevant clinical details of all subjects were obtained. Fasting venous blood samples were taken from all subjects for the determination of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting lipid profile, glycosylated haemoglobin levels (HbA1C), fasting serum insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Twenty-eight (46.7%)) subjects were males while 32 subjects (53.3%) were females (in obese groups). There was no statistical difference between these two groups for both sexes (p = 1.000). The age range for all subjects was 34 to 64 years with their mean age being 52 ± 7.3 years, and for type 2 subjects and the obese non-diabetic 50.7 ± 7.3 years respectively. The mean body mass index of the non-obese and non-diabetic was 23.7 ± 4 Kg/m2 while the anthropometric measurements of the obese two groups were similar. The lipid profile, serum leptin and adiponectin in both the obese groups

关键词： Obesity Type 2 DM Leptin Adipokines

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Lecanemab Unveiled:Exploring Alzheimer’s Treatment Advancements,Assessing Strengths,Limitations,and Its Therapeutic Landscape Position

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期37卷 428-431页

作者： VICTOR Abiola Adepoju okechukwu Innocent Onyezue SAFAYET Jamil OLALEKAN John Okesanya DON Eliseo Lucero-Prisno Ⅲ Department of HIV and Infectious Diseases Jhpiegoan affiliate of John Hopkins UniversityAbujaNigeria Department of Prevention and Community Directorate APIN Public Health InitiativesAbujaNigeria Department of Public Health Daffodil International UniversityDhaka-1216Bangladesh Department of Public Health and Maritime Transport University of ThessalyVolosGreece Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom

In the ever-evolving landscape of Alzheimer’s treatment,lecanemab(Leqembi)has emerged as a promising *** conventional therapies that merely alleviate symptoms,lecanemab is a humanized monoclonal antibody with a distinct *** targets protofibrils,insoluble fibrils,amyloid oligomers,and soluble amyloid-beta protofibrils,which are known to be especially damaging to neurons,with high accuracy.

关键词： Alzheimer amyloid Therapeutic

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Effects of some common additives on the antimicrobial activities of alcohol-based hand sanitizers

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第3期11卷 222-226页

作者： Nzekwe Ifeanyi Thaddeus Egbuna Chukwuemeka Francis Okpara Ogonna Jane Agubata Chukwuma obumneme Esimone Charles okechukwu Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Department of Pharmaceutical Technology & Industrial Pharmacy University of Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Nnamdi Azikiwe University

Objective: To study the effects of some common additives on the antimicrobial activities of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Methods: The antibacterial activities of varying aqueous concentrations of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol were tested by the agar well diffusion method. The influences of different concentrations of glycerin was similarly tested. Finally, isopropyl alcohol and benzalkonium chloride were combined in different ratios within the sate use concentrations of each, and the effects of these combinations were compared with values obtained for the two agents used alone. Statistical methods, such as student t test and one-way ANOVA were used when appropriate to evaluate the differences in activity. Results: The activities of the alcohols showed marked concentration dependence, and both showed peak activity at 85%-95% concentration range. Over the concentration range of 60%-100%, isopropyl alcohol inhibited more bacterial and fungal organisms than ethanol, though the inhibition zone diameters it produced were not statistically different from those of ethanol for organisms which were sensitive to both of *** of glycerin reduced the antimicrobial activities of the isopropyl alcohol, as shown by reduction in the inhibition zone diameters produced in vitro, which may be due to reduced drug diffusion with increase in viscosity. Addition of benzalkonium to isopropyl alcohol systems improved the activity of the alcohol, but the overall activity of the combination was not superior to that seen in the use of benzalkonium alone. Conclusion: Alcohol-based hand sanitizers should not be used outside the concentration range of 85%-95% and isopropyl alcohol inhibits more bacterial and fungal organisms than ethanol for most concentrations. Inclusion of benzalkonium improves the antimicrobial spectrum and activity of isopropyl alcohol, and the combination may justifiably be used to achieve both immediate and long lasting effect. Glycerin may adversely affect the an

关键词： Infection control Disinfection Hand sanitizer Alcohol Optimization

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Inclusive reservoir characterization from rock physics and sequence stratigraphic analyses of Middle Miocene,Niger delta

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Petroleum Research 2021年第3期6卷 213-223页

作者： Austin E.Okoli okechukwu E.Agbasi School of Engineering GeosciencesInfrastructure and SocietyHeriot Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUnited Kingdom Department of Geology Federal University of TechnologyOwerriImo StateNigeria Department of Physics Michael Okpara University of AgricultureUmudikeAbia StateNigeria

The estimation of seismic reservoir properties faces difficulties such as delineating deceptive fluid contacts,over-estimating reserves and drilling dry *** overcome these problems,sequence strat-igraphic and rock physics analyses that were constrained by the compaction trend were implemented in the Sigma *** field is located in the Coastal Swamp depobelt,in the distal *** data from the field and a total of three wells,Sigma-30,26,and 25 were provided for the *** data was also given for the field and dated to shale marker *** strati-graphic sequence analysis of the wells in field indicate they were deposited in a regressive,transgressive and aggradational episodes,whereas the entire depositional history shows predominantly regressive *** field reservoirs,SM-14(LST),SM-04(TST),and SM-02(HST)were *** analysis of the landscape from sequence stratigraphic analyses of the field indicates that Sigma feld reservoirs were deposited in a front region of the *** to compaction has been generated for the *** wells showed a normal trend toward *** physics analysis of the reservoirs of interest reveals that LST and TST reservoirs have been dificult to distinguish against HST reservoirs which are easy to classify regardless of their depth for fluids in a Vp/Vs crossplot versus acoustic *** the analysis,a pattern is suggested for TST ***,this research work shows that fluid discrimination becomes simpler as we go basin ward as the sorting of the reservoir rocks increases with finer grain sand sizes.

关键词： Acoustic impedance Lambda-rho Mu-rho Poisson impedance Reservoirs

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Phospholipon 90H(P90H)-based PEGylated microscopic lipospheres delivery system for gentamicin:an antibiotic evaluation

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第11期2卷 889-894页

作者： Mumuni Audu Momoh Charles okechukwu Esimone Drug Delivery Research Unit Department of PharmaceuticsFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and BiotechnologyNnamdi Azikiwe University Awka

Objective:To formulate gentamicin liposphere by solvent-melting method using lipids and polyethylene glycol 4000(PEG-4000) for oral ***:Gentamicin lipospheres were prepared by melt-emulsification using 30%w/w Phospholipon(?) 90H in Beeswax as the lipid matrix containing *** lipospheres were characterized by evaluating on encapsulation efficiency,loading capacity,change in pH and the release profile. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Salmonella paratyphii and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar diffusion ***: Photomicrographs revealed spherical particles within a micrometer range with minimal growth after 1 *** release of gentamicin in vitro varied widely with the PEC-4000 contents. Moreover,significant(P>0.05) amount of gentamicin was released in vivo from the formulation. The encapsulation and loading capacity were all high,indicating the ability of the lipids to take up the *** antimicrobial activities were very high especially against Pseudomonas compare to other test *** strongly suggested that the formulation retain its bioactive ***:This study strongly suggest that the issue of gentamicin stability and poor absorption in oral formulation could be adequately addressed by tactical engineering of lipid drug delivery systems such as lipospheres.

关键词： Gentamicin Polyethylene glycol Lipospheres Drug release

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Introgression of Two Drought QTLs into FUNAABOR-2 Early Generation Backcross Progenies Under Drought Stress at Reproductive Stage

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Rice science 2019年第1期26卷 32-41页

作者： Christian okechukwu ANYAOHA Mamadou FOFANA Vernon GRACEN Pangirayi TONGOONA Semon MANDE West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement University of Ghana National Horticultural Research Institute Africa Rice Nigeria Station Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell University

FUNAABOR-2 is a popular Ofada rice variety grown in a large area under rainfed upland condition across western states of Nigeria. We used the combination of phenotypic and marker-assisted selection(MAS) to improve grain yield of FUNAABOR-2 under drought stress(DS) at the reproductive stage via introgression of two drought quantitative trait loci(QTLs), qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3. Foreground selection was carried out using peak markers RM511 and RM250, associated with qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3, respectively, followed by recombinant selection with RM28099 and RM1261 distally flanking qDTY12.1. Furthermore, BC1 F2-derived introgressed lines and their parents were evaluated under DS and non-stress(NS) conditions during the 2015–2016 dry season. Overall reduction of grain yield under DS compared to NS was recorded. Introgressed lines with qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3 combinations showed higher yield potential compared to lines with single or no QTL under DS, indicating significant positive interactions between the two QTLs under the FUNAABOR-2 genetic background. Pyramiding of qDTY12.1 and qDTY2.3 in the FUNAABOR-2 genetic background led to higher grain yield production under DS and NS.

关键词： drought foreground selection introgressed line peak marker yield potential rice quantitative trait locus

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Review of 5-FU resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer:clinical significance of attenuated on-target effects

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2023年第2期6卷 257-272页

作者： William H.Gmeiner Charles Chidi okechukwu Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27157USA Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Graduate Program InstitutionWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27157USA

The emergence of chemoresistant disease during chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil-based(5-FU-based)regimens is an important factor in the mortality of metastatic CRC(mCRC).The causes of 5-FU resistance are multifactorial,and besides DNA mismatch repair deficiency(MMR-D),there are no widely accepted criteria for determining which CRC patients are not likely to be responsive to 5-FU-based ***,there is a need to systematically understand the mechanistic basis for 5-FU treatment failure and an urgent need to develop new approaches for circumventing the major causes of 5-FU *** this manuscript,we review mechanisms of 5-FU resistance with an emphasis on:(1)altered anabolic metabolism limiting the formation of the primary active metabolite Fluorodeoxyuridylate(5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate;FdUMP);(2)elevated expression or activity of the primary enzymatic target thymidylate synthase(TS);and(3)dysregulated programmed cell death as important causes of 5-FU ***,these causes of 5-FU resistance can potentially be overcome through the use of next-generation fluoropyrimidine(FP)polymers(e.g.,CF10)that display reduced dependence on anabolic metabolism and more potent TS inhibitory activity.

关键词： Fluoropyrimidine 5-FU resistance colorectal cancer chemotherapy precision medicine thymidylate synthase

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Eicosane, pentadecane and palmitic acid: The effects in in vitro wound healing studies

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第10期8卷 490-499页

作者： Xin Qi Chuah Patrick Nwabueze okechukwu Farahnaz Amini Swee Sen Teo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied SciencesUCSI University School of Healthy Aging Medical Aesthetics and Regenerative MedicineUCSI University

Objective: To examine the wound healing properties of eicosane, pentadecane and palmitic acid by evaluating in term of anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis. Methods: Anti-microbial activities of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated by carrying out disk diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. Growth rate of tested bacteria was also evaluated for 8 h in conjunction with the sample drugs. Besides, U937 cell lines were used as model study for realtime mRNA genes expression studies of TNF-毩 and IL-12 under the treatment. Proliferation, migration and collagen content synthesis were carried out on human dermal fibroblast. Results: None of the sample drugs possessed significant inhibition of bacteria tested in this study both in disk diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. In contrary, significantly low expressed mRNA gene expression levels of TNF-毩 and IL-12 were found under the treatment of respective drugs. Meanwhile in proliferation, migration and hydroxyproline content analysis, all the sample drugs showed no significant positive stimulation. Conclusions: This study therefore explains that apart from their potential in downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, these three compounds which were examined individually may not be good candidates in promoting wound healing.

关键词： Eicosane Pentadecane Palmitic acid Wound healing TNF-α IL-12

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Antihyperglycemic effects of the methanol leaf extract of Diaphananthe bidens in normoglycemic and streptozotocin—induced hyperglycemic rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第3期5卷 192-196页

作者： Anaga Aruh Ottah Onuoha Augustine Igboeli okechukwu Obiora Ezeja Maxwell Department of Veterinary Physiology and pharmacology University of Nigeria NsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Physiology Pharmacology and BiochemistryMichael Okpara University of AgricultureUmudikeAbia StateNigeria

Objective:To evaluate the methanol leaf extract of Diaphonathe bidem(***)(AFZEL EX SW) SCHLTR for antihyperglycemic activity in order to confirm it antidiabetic ***: *** was extracted by cold maceration for 48 h and concentrated in vacuo to yield *** extract(DBE).Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of slreplozotocin (75 mg/kg).Oral glucose tolerance test was done with 2 g/kg glucose load in normal *** (150.300 and 600 mg/kg) was administered orally,while tolbutamide(100 mg/kg.p.o.) was used as the standard reference *** glucose levels determined using ACCUCHEK glucose autoanalyzer. The acute toxicity and phytochemical studies were also carried ***:DBF. (600 mg/kg) and tolbutamide(100 mg/kg) significantly(P<0.05,0.005) reduced blood glucose levels of rats between 120 and 480 nun post administration in normal *** the streptozotoeininduced hyperglycemic rats,DBE(150.300.600 mg/kg) caused significant(P<0.001)dose- and time- dependent reduction in the blood glucose levels by 1.7%.22.8%and 43.4%,respectively at 480 min compared to the negative control ***(600 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose level of rats by 1.2%in the oral glucose tolerance test when compared with the normal saline treated *** acute toxicity test showed that DBE was safe at the doses used and the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins,steroids,tannins and ***:D. bidens extract possess antihyperglycemic activity which may be mediated through pancreatic and extra-pancreatic pathways,thereby justifying it folkloric use.

关键词： Diaphananthe bidens Streptozotocin Tolbutamide Normoglycaemic Hyperglycemic

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Business Email Compromise Challenges to Medium and Large-Scale Firms in USA: An Analysis

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第6期13卷 803-812页

作者： okechukwu Ogwo-Ude Department of Computer Information Systems Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence Bellevue WA USA

Business Email Compromise (BEC) attacks have emerged as a significant cybersecurity threat, leading to substantial financial losses for organizations. According to the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), BEC attacks resulted in financial losses exceeding $1.8 billion in the USA in 2019 alone. Business Email Compromise (BEC) attacks have emerged as a significant cybersecurity threat, leading to substantial financial losses for organizations. According to the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), BEC attacks resulted in financial losses exceeding $1.8 billion in the USA in 2019 alone. BEC attacks target a wide range of sectors. No industry is immune to these attacks, which emphasizes the need for increased vigilance across all sectors. Attackers often impersonate high-level executives or vendors to gain credibility and manipulate employees into complying with fraudulent requests. BEC attacks have a global reach, with threat actors operating from various countries, including Nigeria, Russia, China, and Eastern European nations. We will examine the unique difficulties SMEs encounter in relation to BEC attacks. This study provides a more excellent knowledge of the severity of the problem and offers ideas for efficient mitigation solutions through an investigation of attack characteristics, tactics, and impacts.

关键词： SMEs Vulnerability Threat Business Email Compromise (BEC) Email Security Fraud

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