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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2018年第1期13卷 39-54页

作者： Ady van den Stock Department of Languages and Cultures Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium

In this article, I offer a provisional analysis of the philosophical semantics of“wisdom” in the thought of the New Confucian thinker Tang Junyi. I begin by providing some pointers concerning the concept of wisdom in general and situating the discourse on wisdom in comparative philosophy in the context of the later Foucault＇s and Pierre Hadot＇s historical investigations into ancient Graeco-Roman philosophy as a mode of spiritual self-cultivation and self-transformation. In the remainder of the paper, I try to describe and think through what Foucault identifies as a “Cartesian moment,” in which self-knowledge becomes the ultimate precondition for the ethico-spiritual project of “caring for the self,” in Tang＇s approach of wisdom. In the course of my argument, I outline the complex relation between his vision of a renewed Confucian mode of religious practice on the one hand and his philosophical presuppositions conceming the transcendental status of subjectivity and the reflexivity of consciousness on the other.

关键词： Tang Junyi wisdom New Confucianism modern Chinese philosophy transformative knowledge philosophy as a way of life

Reproduction numbers of infectious disease models

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第3期2卷 288-303页

作者： Pauline van den Driessche Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of VictoriaVictoriaBCV8W 2Y2Canada

This primer article focuses on the basic reproduction number,ℛ0,for infectious diseases,and other reproduction numbers related toℛ0 that are useful in guiding control *** with a simple population model,the concept is developed for a threshold value ofℛ0 determining whether or not the disease dies *** next generation matrix method of calculatingℛ0 in a compartmental model is described and *** address control strategies,type and target reproduction numbers are defined,as well as sensitivity and elasticity *** theoretical ideas are then applied to models that are formulated for West Nile virus in birds(a vector-borne disease),cholera in humans(a disease with two transmission pathways),anthrax in animals(a disease that can be spread by dead carcasses and spores),and Zika in humans(spread by mosquitoes and sexual contacts).Some parameter values from literature data are used to illustrate the ***,references for other ways to calculateℛ0 are *** are useful for more complicated models that,for example,take account of variations in environmental fluctuation or stochasticity.

关键词： Basic reproduction number Disease control West Nile virus Cholera Anthrax Zika virus

Role and therapeutic potential of liquid-liquid phase separation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2021年第1期13卷 15-28页

作者： Donya Pakravan Gabriele orlando Valerie Bercier Ludo van den Bosch Department of Neurosciences Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute(LBI)KU Leuven-University of Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium Laboratory of Neurobiology VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain&Disease Research3000 LeuvenBelgium Switch Laboratory VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain&Disease Research3000 LeuvenBelgium

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease selectively affecting motor neurons, leading to pro-gressive paralysis. Although most cases are sporadic,-10% are familial. Similar proteins are found in aggregates in sporadicand familial ALS, and over the last decade, research has been focused on the underlying nature of this common ***, TDP-43 inclusions are found in almost all ALS patients, while Fus inclusions have been reported in some familial ALSpatients. Both TDP-43 and FUS possess ‘low-complexity domains' (LCDs) and are considered as ‘intrinsically disordered proteins',which form liquid droplets in vitro due to the weak interactions caused by the LCDs. Dysfunctional ‘liquid-lquid phase separa-tion'(LLPS) emerged as a new mechanism linking AlS-related proteins to pathogenesis. Here, we review the current state ofknowledge on ALS-related gene products associated with a proteinopathy and discuss their status as lLPS proteins. n addition,we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting LLPS for treating ALS.

关键词： phase separation stress granule motor neuron ALS therapy

Bayesian Model Calibration with Interpolating Polynomials based on Adaptively Weighted Leja Node

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Communications in Computational Physics 2020年第1期27卷 33-69页

作者： Laurent van den Bos Benjamin Sanderse Wim Bierbooms Gerard van Bussel Centrum Wiskunde&Informatica P.O.Box 940791090 GBAmsterdamThe Netherlands Delft University of Technology P.O.Box 52600 AADelftThe Netherlands

An efficient algorithm is proposed for Bayesian model calibration,which is commonly used to estimate the model parameters of non-linear,computationally expensive models using measurement *** approach is based on Bayesian statistics:using a prior distribution and a likelihood,the posterior distribution is obtained through application of Bayes’*** novel algorithm to accurately determine this posterior requires significantly fewer discrete model evaluations than traditional Monte Carlo *** key idea is to replace the expensive model by an interpolating surrogate model and to construct the interpolating nodal set maximizing the accuracy of the *** determine such a nodal set an extension to weighted Leja nodes is introduced,based on a new weighting *** prove that the convergence of the posterior has the same rate as the convergence of the *** the convergence of the posterior is measured in the Kullback–Leibler divergence,the rate *** algorithm and its theoretical properties are verified in three different test cases:analytical cases that confirm the correctness of the theoretical findings,Burgers’equation to show its applicability in implicit problems,and finally the calibration of the closure parameters of a turbulence model to show the effectiveness for computa-tionally expensive problems.

关键词： Bayesian model calibration interpolation Leja nodes surrogate modeling

Dual-functional porous and cisplatin-loaded polymethylmethacrylate cement for reconstruction of load-bearing bone defect kills bone tumor cells

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第9期7卷 120-130页

作者： Zhule Wang Liebert Parreiras Nogueira Håvard Jostein Haugen Ingrid CM.van Der Geest Patricia Caetano de Almeida Rodrigues dennis Janssen Thom Bitter Jeroen J.J.P.van den Beucken Sander CG.Leeuwenburgh Radboud University Medical Center Department of Dentistry-Regenerative BiomaterialsRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands University of oslo Department of BiomaterialsInstitute of Clinical DentistryFaculty of DentistryOsloNorway Radboud University Medical Center Department of OrthopedicsRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands

Malignant bone tumors are usually treated by resection of tumor tissue followed by filling of the bone defect with bone graft ***(PMMA)cement is the most commonly used bone substitute in clinical orthopedics in view of its ***,the dense nature of PMMA renders this biomaterial unsuitable for local delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to limit the recurrence of bone ***,we introduce porosity into PMMA cement by adding carboxymethylcellulose(CMC)to facilitate such local delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs,while retaining sufficient mechanical properties for bone reconstruction in load-bearing *** results show that the mechanical strength of PMMA-based cements gradually decreases with increasing CMC *** incorporation of≥3%CMC,the PMMA-based cements released up to 18%of the loaded cisplatin,in contrast to cements containing lower amounts of CMC which only released less than 2%of the cisplatin over 28 *** release of cisplatin efficiently killed osteosarcoma cells in vitro and the fraction of dead cells increased to 91.3%at day 7,which confirms the retained chemotherapeutic activity of released cisplatin from these PMMA-based ***,tibias filled with PMMA-based cements containing up to 3%of CMC exhibit comparable compressive strengths as compared to intact *** conclusion,we demonstrate that PMMA cements can be rendered therapeutically active by introducing porosity using CMC to allow for release of cisplatin without compromising mechanical properties beyond critical *** such,these data suggest that our dual-functional PMMA-based cements represent a viable treatment option for filling bone defects after bone tumor resection in load-bearing sites.

关键词： Porous polymethylmethacrylate cement Bone tumor treatment Local drug delivery Chemotherapeutic drug Ex vivo biomechanical assessment

The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 781-788页

作者： Sharon Schillewaert Amelie vantaux Wim van den Ende Tom Wenseleers Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution Biology Department Zoological Institute University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Institut Pasteur du Cambodge Unite d'Epidemiologie Moleculaire du Paludisme Phnom Penh Cambodia Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology Biology Department University of Leuven Leuven Belgium

Aphid species can be polyphagous, feeding on multiple host plants across genera. As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adap- tation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphisfabae were reared on 4 com- mon host plants： broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant in- teractions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. on the whole, this study demonstrates that aphid honeydew composition is influenced by complex herbivore-plant interactions. We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids.

关键词： aphids Aphis fabae ecological specialization fitness honeydew hostplants Melezitose polyphagous

Modeling shoreline sand waves on the coasts of Namibia and Angola

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第3期28卷 338-348页

作者： Francesca RIBAS Albert FALQUES Niels van den BERG Miquel CABALLERIA Department of Applied Physics Universitat Politecnica de CatalunyaSpain

The southwestern（SW） coast of Africa（Namibia and Angola） features long sandy beaches and a wave climate dominated by energetic swells from the Southsouthwest（SSW）,therefore approaching the coast with a very high *** images reveal that along that coast there are many shoreline sand waves with wavelengths ranging from 2 to 8 km.A more detailed study,including a Fourier analysis of the shoreline position,yields the wavelengths（among this range） with the highest spectral density ***,it becomes apparent that at least some of the sand waves are dynamically active rather than being controlled by the geological setting.A morphodynamic model is used to test the hypothesis that these sand waves could emerge as free morphodynamic instabilities of the coastline due to the obliquity in wave *** is found that the period of the incident water waves,T;,is crucial to establish the tendency to stability or instability,instability increasing for decreasing period,whilst there is some discrepancy in the observed *** results for T;= 7-8 s clearly show the tendency for the coast to develop free sand waves at about 4 km wavelength within a few years,which migrate to the north at rates of 0.2-0.6 km yr;.For larger T;or steeper profiles,the coast is stable but sand waves originated by other mechanisms can propagate downdrift with little decay.

关键词： Shoreline evolution Shoreline sand waves High angle wave instability Longshore sediment transport

Development of ^(18)F-labeled radiotracers for neuroreceptor imaging with positron emission tomography

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2014年第5期30卷 777-811页

作者： Peter Brust Jrg van den Hoff Jrg Steinbach Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchPermoserstrasse 15Leipzig04318Germany

Positron emission tomography （PET） is an in vivo molecular imaging tool which is widely used in nuclear medicine for early diagnosis and treatment follow-up of many brain diseases. PET uses biomolecules as probes which are labeled with radionuclides of short half-lives, synthesized prior to the imaging studies. These probes are called radiotracers. Fluorine-18 is a radionuclide routinely used in the radiolabeling of neuroreceptor ligands for PET because of its favorable half-life of 109.8 min. The delivery of such radiotracers into the brain provides images of transport, metabolic, and neurotransmission processes on the molecular level. After a short introduction into the principles of PET, this review mainly focuses on the strategy of radiotracer development bridging from basic science to biomedical application. Successful radiotracer design as described here provides molecular probes which not only are useful for imaging of human brain diseases, but also allow molecular neuroreceptor imaging studies in various small-animal models of disease, including genetically- engineered animals. Furthermore, they provide a powerful tool for in vivo pharmacology during the process of pre-clinical drug development to identify new drug targets, to investigate pathophysiology, to discover potential drug candidates, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in vivo.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease autoradiography blood-brain barrier brain tumor cholinergic system kinetic modeling metabolism molecular imaging neurodegeneration positron emission tomography precursor psychiatric disorder radiotracer sigma receptor

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Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Flow in Rotating Diverging Channels

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Journal of Thermal Science 2010年第2期19卷 115-119页

作者： R.A.van den Braembussche J.Prinsier A.Di Sante von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics Turbomachinery and Propulsion Department Waterloose steenweg presently at ALSToM PoWER Steam Turbines R&D Brown Boveri Strasse 7

This paper reports on an experimental and numerical study at low Reynolds number in order to evaluate the influence of the Coriolis forces on the flow in radial rotating *** conditions correspond to the flow in radial impellers for micro gasturbine applications.A comparison of detailed flow measurements with CFD results indicates that Navier Stokes solvers with standard k-ω and SST turbulence models predict the flow surprisingly well and that no extra corrections for Coriolis forces are required at these operating

关键词：数值研究旋转流场实验科里奥利力频道微型燃气轮机流量测量低雷诺数

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Evolution of real area of contact due to combined normal load and sub-surface straining in sheet metal

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Friction 2021年第4期9卷 840-855页

作者： Meghshyam SHISoDE Javad HAZRAT Tanmaya MISHRA Matthijn DE RooIJ Ton van den BooGAAED Nonlinear Solid Mechanics Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 NBThe Netherlands Surface Technology and Tribology Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 NBThe Netherlands

Understanding asperity flattening is vital for a reliable macro-scale modeling of friction and *** sheet metal forming processes,sheet surface asperities are deformed due to contact forces between the tools and the *** addition,as the sheet metal is strained while retaining the normal load,the asperity deformation increases *** of the asperities determines the real area of contact which influences the friction and wear at the tool-sheet metal *** real area of contact between two contacting rough surfaces depends on type of loading,material behavior,and topography of the contacting *** this study,an experimental setup is developed to investigate the effect of a combined normal load and sub-surface strain on real area of *** and zinc coated steel sheets(GI)with different coating thicknesses,surface topographies,and substrate materials are used in the experimental *** element(FE)analyses are performed on measured surface profiles to further analyze the behavior observed in the experiments and to understand the effect of surface topography,and coating thickness on the evolution of the real area of ***,an analytical model is presented to determine the real area contact under combined normal load and sub-surface *** results show that accounting for combined normal load and sub-surface straining effects is necessary for accurate predictions of the real area of contact.

关键词： asperity flattening real area of contact sub-surface strain zinc coating sheet metal forming

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