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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第5期11卷 87-89页

作者： Akinola Stephen Oluwole Uwem Friday Ekpo Obiageli Josephine Nebe nse michael akpan Solomon Monday Jacob Uche Veronica Amazigo John Russell Stothard Department of Pure and Applied Zoology Federal University of AgricultureAbeokutaOgun StateNigeria Neglected Tropical Disease Control Division Department of Public HealthFederal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria Pan-African Community Initiative on Education and Health(PACIEH) EnuguNigeria Department of Tropical Disease Biology Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpool L35QAUK.

Background With some 134,073,166 people living in endemic communities at risk of infection[1],Nigeria is the most endemic country in Africa and requires preventive chemotherapy(PC)for a total of 26.3 million persons[2].The National Schistosomiasis Elimination Programme(NSCHEP),with the support of international partners,has been implementing PC in Nigeria since 2009 and most recently will need to revise its current strategy(Additional file 1).For example,the new World Health Organization(WHO)guideline has six key recommendations that will dramatically change the implementation of schistosomiasis elimination in endemic countries[3].However,its impact and programmatic implications will vary from country to country,hence the need for a country-specific analysis.

关键词： schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis Nigeria

Some aspects of the biology of the female blue crab Callinectes amnicola(De Rocheburne)from the Cross River estuary,Nigeria

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第4期 259-264页

作者： Eyo Victor Oscar akpan michael Mfon Udoh Ifiok Solomon Fisheries and Aquaculture Unit Institute of OceanographyUniversity of CalabarP.M.B.1115CalabarCross River StateNigeria Fisheries Department Ministry of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesP.M.B.1113UyoAkwa Ibom StateNigeria Zoology and Environmental Biology Programme University of CalabarP.M.B.1115CalabarCross River StateNigeria

Objective:To investigate some important aspects of the biology of Callinectes amnicola(***)such as fecundity,carapace length-weight relationship,condition factor and carapace length frequency distribution from the Cross River estuary,***:A total of one hundred and twenty ovigerous females of ***,freshly caught with basket traps,lift net trap,and gill net were collected from the catches of the artisanal fisheries in the study area between June 2012 and May ***,carapace length-weight relationship,condition factor and carapace length frequency distribution were determined and analyzed following standard ***:Fecundity(F)ranged between 73090 eggs for crab of carapace length 8.1 cm and total weight 34 g and 809450 eggs for crab of carapace length 16.1 cm and total weight 395 g with a mean of 311808.93±17693.94 *** was a positive significant relationship between fecundity and carapace length,total weight and condition factor as follows:F=6839.7CL^(1.4403)(r^(2)=0.2145,P<0.05),F=15302TW^(0.5798)(r^(2)=0.4079,P<0.05),F=147255K^(0.2788)(r=0.2717,r^(2)=0.0738,P<0.05).A significant linear relationship between carapace length and weight of *** is given by the equation:Log W=2.0447LogL–0.1389(r^(2)=0.3357,P<0.05).The crab exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern(b=2.0447).Condition factor ranged between 21.48 to 104.95 with a mean value of 47.21±*** carapace length frequency distribution showed a unimodal class size ***:Findings of this study is crucial in assessing the population dynamics and development of management strategies of the the Blue crab,*** from the estuary such as mesh size regulation,fishing season and fishing ground regulation in the Cross River ***,findings of this study will be useful in evaluation of the aquaculture potential of the Blue crab ***,which is a valuable shell fish for the inhabitants estuary.

关键词： Callinectes amnicola Cross River estuary Fecundity Carapace length-weight parameters Condition factor Carapace length-frequency distribution

Impacts of Recent Infection Testing Integration into HIV Surveillance in Ekiti State, South West Nigeria: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study

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World Journal of AIDS 2022年第4期12卷 183-193页

作者： Daniel Chinenyeike Offie Leo akpan Felix Okoh Owolagba Femi Ofuche Eke michael Tomori Abimbola O. Ariyo Christopher Omisakin APIN Public Health Initiatives Ado Ekiti Nigeria Federal Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti Ido Ekiti Nigeria

Background: Timely detection of recent HIV infections is critical in achieving the HIV epidemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of integrating the Recent Infection Testing Algorithm in HIV surveillance in Ekiti State, South West Nigeria. Method: Data from the Nigeria Medical Records System (NMRS)/National Data Repository (NDR) and Index Testing (IT) Services data capturing tools were abstracted for a retrospective cross-sectional study of 719 newly diagnosed HIV-positive cases who were screened for HIV incident infection using Asante rapid recency test kits between August 2020 and June 2022 at 5 selected recency testing health facilities. The venous blood (10 ml) of all the rapid Asante tested recent patients were collected into an EDTA tube and processed for viral load testing. The plasma level of HIV-1 RNA was quantified using the CAP/CTM and cobas 4800 platform at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital PCR Laboratory Ife. Chi-square was used to characterize the recency status of the patients. A measure of the association was done using Chi-square, while the p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The median age of the participants was 39 years. The result from the study showed that of the total number of 719 new cases of diagnosed HIV-positive, 626 of them were screened for rapid Test for Recency infection (RTRI) (87%). Overall, we found that 1.8% (11/626) of clients were classified as recent. The investigation also showed that from the index cases of the 11 confirmed recent infections, a total number of 125 additional positive cases were found. Conclusion: This result indicated a rise in the number of cases discovered in the State. Therefore, incorporating recency testing within regular HIV testing programs becomes essential in order to prioritize clients for index testing and provide useful information on transmission clusters.

关键词： Impacts Recent Testing HIV Surveillance

An Evaluation of the 11thSeptember, 2009 Earthquake and Its Implication for Understanding the Seismotectonics of South Western Nigeria

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Open Journal of Geology 2014年第10期4卷 542-550页

作者： Ofonime U. akpan Monday A. Isogun Tahir A. Yakubu Abraham A. Adepelumi Chiedu S. Okereke Adetola S. Oniku michael I. Oden Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics Toro Nigeria Department of Geology Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Geology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Physics Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria

The evaluation of an intra-plate earthquake that occurred on Friday, 11th September, 2009 and felt in parts of Abeokuta, Ago-Iwoye, Ajambata, Ajegunle, Imeko, Ijebu-Ode, Ilaro and Ibadan, all in south western Nigeria is presented. This event has been the largest inland earthquake recorded since the inception of digital seismological recording in Nigeria in 2008 was incepted. The event was recorded by three seismological stations operated by Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics (CGG), Toro. Data obtained from the CGG stations and others distributed around the world were analysed to determine precise earthquake locations and focal mechanism and to assess the regional tectonic stress. The data recorded in MiniSEED format at a sampling rate of 40 samples per second (sps) were analyzed using the SEISAN earthquake analysis software. The resultshowed an epicentral location situated about 108 km west of Lagos, a focal depth of 10.0 km and an origin time of 03:10:21.60 GMT. The local and moment magnitudes were 4.5 and 4.2 respectively. The P-wave to S-wave velocity ratio was 1.72. The fault plane solutions obtained for the rupture process indicated that a normal dip-slip fault with median solution of strike 325°, dip 40° and rake?-90° was the probable trigger mechanism for this earthquake. It suggested that the event was a reactivation of a buried high-angle fault in the Precambrian basement represented by the contemporary northeast-southwest trending regional horizontal compressive stress. Generally, the seismotectonics of the region was linked to the fracture zones in the Atlantic Ocean.

关键词： Intra-Plate Earthquake Normal Fault Epicentre South Western Nigeria

Dietary Intake, Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Potentials of Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Arsenic Exposure via Consumption of Dried Crayfish in Calabar, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第8期10卷 340-363页

作者： Udiba U. Udiba michael O. Odey Udeme U. Udofia Ekom R. akpan John Ama Ekpo. E. Antai Monica U. Dan Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Institute of Oceanography University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Marine Biology Akwa Ibom State University Ikot Akpaden Nigeria

Intense pressure from both onshore and offshore oil exploration and exploitation activities, together with the accompanying urbanization and industrialization has resulted in massive contamination of land and water resources in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Whereas crayfish is very sensitive to contaminant in the aquatic environment and constitute an important part of human diet, its quality and safety from environmental pollutant is of serious health concern. Evaluation of dietary intake, potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic exposure via consumption of dried crayfish purchased from major markets in Calabar, Nigeria was carried out between June and August 2021. Thirty-six composite samples of dried crayfish purchased from 180 vendors were used for the study. Heavy metals concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Model AA-6800, Japan) after wet digestion. Metals concentrations (Mg/kg) were of the ranges 0.02 - 0.24, 0.14 - 0.86, 0.32 - 0.72, 0.04 - 0.19 for Pb, Cd, Hg and As respectively. The mean content of cadmium and mercury exceeded FAO/ WHO and Commission of European Communities maximum levels for crustaceans. Average Estimated Daily Intake for each of the metals was found to be above the recommended daily intake level except for arsenic. The average estimated daily intake values for Cd and Hg were also above the tolerable upper intake level. Average Target Hazard Quotient of all the metals and Hazard Index of all the markets were below 1.00. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk of the metals was greater than the standard tolerable regulatory risk (10-4) for carcinogens. Consumption of crayfish purchased from major markets in Calabar could pose a range of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risks.

关键词： Oil Industry Heavy Metals Crayfish Human Health Risk Carcinogenic Non-Carcinogenic

Reducing Side Effects of Chloroquine with Medicinal Synthetic Aluminum-Magnesium Silicate®[Msams: Al4(SiO4)3+ 3Mg2SiO4→2Al2Mg3(SiO4)3] before Assessing Its Anti-Covid-19 Efficacy

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Health 2020年第4期12卷 368-377页

作者： Maduike Ezeibe Favour Onyeachonam Ijeoma Ogbonna Clara akpan Mary Sanda Ekenma Kalu Njoku Njoku Munachi Udobi Ugochukwu Agu College of Veterinary Medicine M’ichael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Directorate of Information Computer Technology Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria

To reduce Chloroquine’s (CQ) side effects, so that increasing its duration for anti-Covid-19 trials could be safe, the drug was potentiated by stabilizing it with Medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate (MSAMS). CQ-treatment for five Plasmodium berghie-infected mice-groups were: 7 mg/kg (normal dose);7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS);7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins), 5.25 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins) and the control. Means of parasitaemia, 42.00 ± 15.74 of the normal-dose group, 37.22 ± 11.88 of the 7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS) group and 33.57 ± 12.62 of the 7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins) group showed no significant (P ≥ 0.05) reduction from 52.50 ± 11.99 of the control, but the 5.25 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins) dose, cleared (P ≤ 0.01) the parasiteamia (00.00 ± 00.00), showing that MSAMS-potentiated Chloroquine, has best efficacy at 75% of the recommended dose. Fever and anemia were absent at that 5.25 mg/kg, suggesting that lower doses of CQ have reduced side effects.

关键词： Antiviral Treatment with Chloroquine Lower Doses Reduction of Side Effects MSAMS

Prevalence and Characerizaion of Salmonella pullorumfrom Day Old Chicks Distributed to Farms in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

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Health 2019年第12期11卷 1573-1580页

作者： Maduike Chiehiura Onwubiko Ezeibe Aniefiok Emerson Udom Obiageli Favour Onyeachonam Ijeoma Joy Ogbonna Clara Amaka akpan Obianuju Nkiruka Okoroafor College of Veterinary Medicine Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

To investigate sources of Salmonella pullorum infections that cause frequent outbreaks of bacillary white diarrhea in poultry and sporadic human food poisoning in Nigeria, prevalence of the infection among day-old-chicks in Akwa-Ibom State, south-south Nigeria, was studied. From each depot/hatchery, 30 day-old chicks were randomly selected for their livers, spleens, kidneys, hearts, yolk sacs and intestines which were processed and cultured on appropriate bacterial media. Colonies that grew from the specimens were characterized based on their morphologies, staining characteristics, biochemical reactions and cultural characteristics. Gram positive isolates that were: short, plum shaped, rods, non-spore forming and non-capsulated were identified as Salmonella species. Motility test and biochemical tests on the Salmonella colonies identified those that were S. pullorum. Five percent of chicks being distributed in Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria were infected with S. pullorum, the agent of, bacillary white diarrhea (which causes high mortality in chicks) and food poisoning in man.

关键词： Bacillary White Diarrhea Food Poisoning

Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören Weinrich Gary Lyons michael Wills Xinmin Zhan Paul Crosson Civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical Conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(nse)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

Comparison of three regionalization techniques for predicting streamflow in ungaged watersheds in Nebraska,USA using SWAT model

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第3期11卷 110-119页

作者： michael W.Van Liew Aaron R.Mittelstet Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of NebraskaLincolnNE 68583USA

This study compared three approaches,regional averaging,nearest neighbor,and donor techniques,to regionalize parameters in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)on eleven watersheds located in the Dissected Plains,Plains,and Rolling Hills Landforms in the eastern portion of the State of Nebraska,*** the Rolling Hills Landform,three watersheds were randomly selected as calibration watersheds while two were randomly selected as validation *** watersheds were randomly selected as calibration watersheds while one was randomly selected as a validation watershed within each of the Dissected Plains and Plains *** seven calibration watersheds were used to provide the necessary calibrated parameter sets to execute each of the regional approaches,while the four validation watersheds were used to assess the impact of applying each of these approaches to an uncalibrated *** Bias(PBIAS)and the Nash Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency(nse)were used to assess model *** results of this study show that all three methods performed poorly,since the majority of watersheds among each method tested exhibited PBIAS values greater than ±25% and/or nse values less than 0.50,which were considered to be unsatisfactory in terms of model *** average regionalization,nearest neighbor and donor methods resulted in only four(two calibration and two validation),zero and one satisfactory set of simulated watershed results,*** findings from this study indicate that although each watershed was successfully calibrated with nse values ranging from 0.51 to 0.84,none of the three regionalization methods provided suitable calibration data sets to define parameter values for performing satisfactory simulations on ungaged watersheds across the eastern Nebraska landscape.

关键词： SWAT model watersheds hydrology model calibration parameter regionalization Nebraska ungaged watersheds

Antivirt^® {Al₄(SiO₄)₃ + 3Mg₂SiO₄ → 2Al₂Mg₃(SiO₄)₃} Cures COVID-19 by Opposite Charges’ Electrostatic Attraction

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第3期12卷 240-244页

作者： Maduike C. O. Ezeibe Favour Onyeachonam Mary E. Sanda Ijeoma J. Ogbonna Ekenma Kalu Njoku U. Njoku Munachi Udobi Clara A. akpan College of Veterinary Medicine Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria

To cure COVID-19, we propounded mopping viruses/infected cells by opposite-charges electrostatic attraction as mechanism of treatment. RNA viruses (including COVID-19 virus) are positively charged while DNA viruses and abnormal (infected/tumor) cells are negatively charged but normal cells are neutral. Molecules of Aluminum-magnesium silicate (AMS), a WHO- approved medicine, consist of Nanoparticles that have both negatively and positively charged ends. Ultra-small size (0.96 nm thick) of the Nanoparticles, allows them access to cells in all organs. Nigeria does not have natural AMS-deposits but she has Aluminum silicate and Magnesium silicate, abundantly. These solid minerals which are WHO-approved medicines too were used to formulate an AMS-brand, named, Medicinal synthetic AMS (MSAMS, VITUMED®, Antivirt®). Dextrose monohydrate (simple sugar) is incorporated in each MSAMS-formulation to convey the electrically charged Nanoparticles across mucous membranes (active-transportation) into blood for circulation to all organs. The Antivirt® has proved effective against all viral and abnormal-cell diseases so far tested including COVID-19.

关键词： MSAMS (Antivirt®) HIV/AIDS COVID-19 Tumors