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Sexual dimorphism in cranial shape and size in geomyoid rodents:multivariate and evolutionary perspectives

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 469-487页

作者： jonathan j m Calede Andrew Brown Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State University318 W.12th Ave.300 Aronoff LaboratoryColumbusOH 43210USA The Ohio State University at marion 1459 Mount Vernon AvenueMarionOH 43302USA College of Veterinary medicine Texas A&M University660 Raymond Stotzer PkwyCollege StationTX 77843USA

Geomyoid rodents provide a great study system for the analysis of sexual *** are polygynic and many inhabit harsh arid environments thought to promote sexual *** fact,there has been extensive work published on the sexual size dimorphism of individual populations and species within this rodent ***,little work has been undertaken to assess the evolutionary patterns and processes associated with this sexual *** use multivariate analyses of cranial measurements in a phylogenetic framework to determine the distribution of size and shape dimorphism among geomyoids and test for Rensch’s *** results suggest that sexual dimorphism is more common in geomyids than heteromyids,but it is not in fact *** is evidence for variation in sexual dimorphism across ***,in many taxa,geographic variation appears to overwhelm existing sexual *** find support for the repeated independent evolution of shape and size dimorphism across geomyoid taxa,but we do not find support for an association between size and shape *** is no evidence for Rensch’s rule in geomyoids,whether at the superfamily or family ***,our findings suggest that there is no single explanation for the evolution of sexual dimorphism in geomyoids and that,instead,it is the product of numerous evolutionary *** studies incorporating phylogenetic relationships will be necessary to paint a more complete picture of the evolution of sexual dimorphism in geomyoids.

关键词： Geomyidae Heteromyidae phylogenetic comparative methods morphometrics Rensch’s rule

Expression and regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenases in prostate cancer

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journal of Cancer metastasis and Treatment 2018年第1期4卷 515-531页

作者： Ali I.m.Ibrahim maria Sadiq Fiona m.Frame norman j.maitland Klaus Pors Institute of Cancer Therapeutics School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordWest Yorkshire BD71DPUK Department of Pharmacy Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman 11733Jordan Cancer Research Unit Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonNorth Yorkshire YO105DDUK

The functional role of aldehyde dehydrogenases(ALDHs)in prostate cancer remains an area of some *** studies have used high ALDH functional activity to isolate putative cancer stem cells with tumour-initiating and propagating properties,while evidence is also emerging about the involvement of specific isoforms in migration,invasiveness and *** of specific ALDH isoforms,which contribute to both drug resistance and aggressiveness of the disease remains a challenge within the complex heterogeneity of prostate *** purpose of this perspective is to dissect functional roles for ALDH in the tumour microenvironment and to evaluate the potential of the ALDH gene family as biomarkers and/or targets for therapeutic intervention.

关键词： Aldehyde dehydrogenase retinoic acid prostate cancer castration-resistant prostate cancer cancer stem cells multidrug resistance

SHR-SCR regulates cortical cell division and nodulation

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molecular Plant 2021年第2期14卷 198-198页

作者： m.Arif Ashraf jaimie m.Van norman Department of Biology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Center for Plant Cell Biology University of CaliforniaRiversideRiversideCA 92521USA

Legume plants,such as the model systems,medicago truncatula and Lotus japonica,and crop plants like soybean(Glycine max)and common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris),are able to utilize atmospheric nitrogen due to their symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria,rhizobia(Roy et al.,2020).Interestingly,this symbiosis is limited to only a few plant species,and the mechanisms behind the distinct ability of legume roots to facilitate this symbiosis remained obscure for a long *** hint as to how this occurs is that cortex cells in the legume root ground tissue are able to divide and form a unique structure called the nodule that supports rhizobia colonization.

关键词： vulgaris nodulation utilize

Calculation of Corrosion Rates by Extended Linear Polarization

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北京大学学报(自然科学版) 1987年第2期 40-47页

作者： Alfred Viehbeck,norman Hackerman,S.m.Wilhelm Department of Chemistry Rice University Houston Texas Department of Chemistry Rice University Houston Texas Batteue Houston Research Center Houston Texas

A simple calculation method of corrosion rates using programmable calculators was reported. The results obtained agree quite well with the results of other author using different method,

关键词： Polarization programmable agree iterative fitting iteration 线性极化法 expand 巫玉腐蚀速度

Inhibiting tau-induced elevated nSmase2 activity and ceramides is therapeutic in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 70-89页

作者： Carolyn Tallon Benjamin j.Bell medhinee m.malvankar Pragney Deme Carlos Nogueras-Ortiz Erden Eren Ajit G.Thomas Kristen R.Hollinger Arindom Pal maja mustapic meixiang Huang Kaleem Coleman Tawnjerae R.joe Rana Rais norman j.Haughey Dimitrios Kapogiannis Barbara S.Slusher johns Hopkins Drug Discovery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA Cell Biology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA Oncology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA medicine Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA Pharmacology and molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine855 N.Wolfe StreetRangos 278BaltimoreMD 21205USA Intramural Research Program Laboratory of Clinical InvestigationNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of Health251 Bayview BlvdSte 8C228BaltimoreMD 21224USA johns Hopkins University School of medicine 600 N.Wolfe StreetPathology 517BaltimoreMD 21287USA

Background Cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is associated with hyperphosphorylated tau(pTau)propagation between neurons along synaptically connected networks,in part via extracellular vesicles(EVs).EV biogenesis is triggered by ceramide enrichment at the plasma membrane from neutral sphingomyelinase2(nSmase2)-mediated cleavage of *** report,for the first time,that human tau expression elevates brain ceramides and nSmase2 *** To determine the therapeutic benefit of inhibiting this elevation,we evaluated PDDC,the first potent,selective,orally bioavailable,and brain-penetrable nSmase2 inhibitor in the transgenic PS19 AD mouse ***,we directly evaluated the effect of PDDC on tau propagation in a mouse model where an adeno-associated virus(AAV)encoding P301L/S320F double mutant human tau was stereotaxically-injected unilaterally into the *** contralateral transfer of the double mutant human tau to the dentate gyrus was *** examined ceramide levels,histopathological changes,and pTau content within EVs isolated from the mouse *** Similar to human AD,the PS19 mice exhibited increased brain ceramide levels and nSmase2 activity;both were completely normalized by PDDC *** PS19 mice also exhibited elevated tau immunostaining,thinning of hippocampal neuronal cell layers,increased mossy fiber synaptophysin immunostaining,and glial activation,all of which were pathologic features of human *** treatment reduced these *** plasma of PDDC-treated PS19 mice had reduced levels of neuronal-and microglial-derived EVs,the former carrying lower pTau levels,compared to untreated *** the tau propagation model,PDDC normalized the tau-induced increase in brain ceramides and significantly reduced the amount of tau propagation to the contralateral *** PDDC is a first-in-class therapeutic candidate that normalizes elevated brain ceramides and nSmase2 activity,leading to the slo

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Extracellular vesicles Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 Tau Ceramide

multivariate analyses of skull morphology inform the taxonomy and evolution of geomyoid rodents

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Current Zoology 2023年第4期69卷 456-474页

作者： Lily A.Noftza jonathan j.m.Calede aBiology Program The Ohio State University at Marion1459 Mount Vernon AvenueMarionOH 43302USA Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State University318 W.12th Ave.ColumbusOH 43210USA.

morphological analyses are critical to quantify phenotypic variation,identify taxa,inform phylogenetic relationships,and shed light on evolutionary *** work is particularly important in groups that display great morphological *** is the case in geomyoid rodents,a group that includes 2 of the most species-rich families of rodents in North America:the Geomyidae(pocket gophers)and the Heteromyidae(kangaroo rats,pocket mice,and their relatives).We assessed variation in skull morphology(including both shape and size)among geomyoids to test the hypothesis that there are statistically significant differences in skull measurements at the family,genus,and species *** sample includes 886 specimens representing all geomyoid genera and 39 *** used the geometric mean to compare size across *** used 14 measurements of the cranium and lower jaw normalized for size to compare shape among and within *** results show that skull measurements enable the distinction of geomyoids at the family,genus,and species *** is a larger amount of size variation within Geomyidae than within *** phylomorphospace analysis shows that the skull shape of the common ancestor of all geomyoids was more similar to the common ancestor of heteromyids than that of *** skulls display negative allometry whereas heteromyid skulls display positive *** heteromyids,dipodomyines,and non-dipodomyines show significantly different allometric *** analyses including fossils will be necessary to test our evolutionary hypotheses.

关键词： canalization convergent evolution Geomyidae Heteromyidae morphometrics phylomorphospace

A review of potential conservation and fisheries benefits of breaching four dams in the Lower Snake River(Washington,USA)

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第2期1卷 10-22页

作者： Adam j.Storch Howard A.Schaller Charles E.Petrosky Robert L.Vadas jr. Benjamin j.Clemens Gary Sprague norman mercado-Silva Brett Roper michael j.Parsley Edward Bowles Robert m.Hughes jay A.Hesse Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Ocean Salmon and Columbia River Program17330 Southeast Evelyn StreetClackamasOR 97015USA U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service 911 Northeast 11th AvenuePortlandOR 97232USA Idaho Department of Fish and Game 600 South Walnut StreetBoiseID 83707USA Unaffiliated OlympiaWAUSA Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Corvallis Research Lab28655 Hwy 34CorvallisOR 97333USA National marine Fisheries Service 650 Capitol MallSacramentoCA 95814USA Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Autonoma del Estado de MorelosAv.Universidad 1001Col.ChamilpaC.P.62209CuernavacaMorelosMexico National Stream and Aquatic Ecology Center U.S.Forest Service860 North 1200 EastLoganUT 84321USA Independent Fisheries Consultant 191 Sooter RoadUnderwoodWA 98651USA Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 4034 Fairview Industrial Drive SoutheastSalemOR 97302USA Amnis Opes Institute 2895 Southeast Glenn StreetCorvallisOR 97333USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife&Conservation Sciences104 Nash HallCorvallisOR 97331USA Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resources management 120 Beaver GradeLapwaiID 83540USA

Abundances of important and imperiled fishes of the Snake River Basin continue to *** assessed the rationale for breaching the four lower Snake River Basin dams to prevent complete loss of these fishes,and to maximize their likelihood of *** summarize the science surrounding Sockeye Salmon(Oncorhynchus nerka),Chinook Salmon(***),steelhead(***),Bull Trout(Salvelinus confluentus),White Sturgeon(Acipenser transmontanus),and Pacific Lamprey(Entosphenus tridentatus).From this,we drew ten conclusions:(1)development of the Columbia River System(including the Snake River Basin)has converted mainstem rivers into reservoirs,altering fish behavior and survival;(2)most populations currently record their lowest abundance;(3)the Columbia River System dams reduce productivity of diadromous fishes in the highest-quality spawning grounds that could buffer against future climate dynamics;(4)past actions have done little to reduce impacts or precipitate recovery;(5)the Columbia River System constrains survival and productivity of salmon,steelhead and Bull Trout;(6)Snake River Basin salmon and steelhead remain at high extinction risk;(7)eliminating migration impediments and improving mainstem habitats are essential for maintaining genetic diversity and improving Bull Trout persistence;(8)the lower Snake River Basin dams preclude passage of adult White Sturgeon,constraining gene flow and recruitment;(9)the lower Snake River Basin dams impede dramatically passage of adult and juvenile Pacific Lamprey,and(10)Snake River Basin Pacific Lamprey is at high risk of *** the four lower Snake River Basin dams is an action likely to prevent extirpation and extinction of these *** from the Columbia River System can inform conservation in other impounded rivers.

关键词： Bull trout Impoundment Pacific lamprey Salmon Steelhead White sturgeon

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用软熔带气体分布模型分析高炉压力孔

辽宁科技大学学报 1985年第4期 78-83页

作者： j.m.Burgeas D.R.jenrcis K.L.horing 赵世芳

1.建立模型这个分析的主要目的是建立一个用来预测高炉气体流动基本特征的摸型、提出的模型是高炉内部状态的简化,以便取得一个可以遵循的求解体系,以下论点规定了它的具体特征和对实际高炉情况的有关假定: (1)假定高炉是轴对称的,其断... 详细信息

1.建立模型这个分析的主要目的是建立一个用来预测高炉气体流动基本特征的摸型、提出的模型是高炉内部状态的简化,以便取得一个可以遵循的求解体系,以下论点规定了它的具体特征和对实际高炉情况的有关假定: (1)假定高炉是轴对称的,其断面如图1所示,图中指出了模型中考虑的各带,规定了

关键词：软熔带气流分布焦炭固体燃料高炉料层厚度模型分析

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中欧高压直流电网技术论坛综述

电网技术 2017年第8期41卷 2407-2416页

作者：安婷 Bjarne Andersen norman macLeod 王伟男先进输电技术国家重点实验室(全球能源互联网研究院) 北京市昌平区102209 Andersen Power Electronic Solutions Ltd. 英国东萨赛克斯TN393PZ WSP|Parsons Brinckerhoff Manchester Technology Centre英国曼彻斯特M17ED 华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院北京市昌平区102206

高压柔性直流输电和直流电网技术是解决可再生能源并网和大规模远距离传输最有效的方案之一。2015年9月7日和8日,在CIGRE(国际大电网会议)和中国电机工程学会的大力支持下和柏诚集团英国分公司(WSP|Parsons Brinckerhoff)的协助下,全球... 详细信息

高压柔性直流输电和直流电网技术是解决可再生能源并网和大规模远距离传输最有效的方案之一。2015年9月7日和8日,在CIGRE(国际大电网会议)和中国电机工程学会的大力支持下和柏诚集团英国分公司(WSP|Parsons Brinckerhoff)的协助下,全球能源互联网研究院在英国伯明翰举行了为期两天的高压柔性直流输电和直流电网高峰技术论坛,邀请了欧洲和中国学术界、工业界直流输电和直流电网领域的40余位资深科研专家和决策者。本次论坛旨在通过对话,交流和探讨本领域的关键性问题、前沿技术以及未来发展方向。论坛期间,与会者展示了各自相关项目的实施、最新进展和成果。与此同时还对该领域现存的技术挑战和未来研究方向进行了广泛的讨论。该文从技术角度概述了与会者在高压柔性直流输电和直流电网技术领域的最新进展和成果,综述了本次论坛在柔性直流输电和直流电网领域所讨论的一些主要技术,介绍了参会的部分国际著名直流输电设备主要生产商的研发动态,根据论坛的讨论环节总结归纳了在高压柔性直流输电和直流电网领域所存在的挑战。

关键词：直流电网柔性直流输电换流器直流断路器