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Dehydration Kinetics of Embryonic Axes from Desiccation-sensitive Seeds:An Assessment of Descriptive models

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第11期51卷 1002-1007页

作者： Tobias m. Ntuli norman W. Pammenter School of Biological and Conservation Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalWestville Campus

The response of desiccation-sensitive plant tissues to dehydration is significantly affected by dehydration conditions, particularly the rate of drying. Consequently it is important to be able to quantify drying rate. The aim of the study was to assess two models that have been proposed to describe drying kinetics, and thus to provide a quantification of non-linear drying rates, of embryonic axes excised from recalcitrant seeds. These models are an exponential drying time course, and a modified inverse relationship, respectively. For the six species investigated here the inverse function was generally found to fit drying data better than the exponential function under both rapid and slow drying conditions, and so is recommended. The rate of drying, under the conditions used here, was determined by axis size and possibly the nature of the axis outer coverings, rather than the water activity difference between the tissue and surrounding air.

关键词： desiccation drying rate recalcitrant seeds.

Review of remote sensing and geospatial technologies in estimating rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) quality

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第3期7卷 266-274页

作者： masayu norman Helmi Z.m.Shafri Shattri B.mansor Badronnisa Yusuf Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia(UPM)43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Geospatial Information Science Research Centre(GISRC) Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia(UPM)43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Centre of Studies for Surveying Science&Geomatics Faculty of ArchitecturePlanning&SurveyingUniversiti Teknologi MARA(Perlis)02600 ArauPerlisMalaysia

Rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) systems can provide low-cost decentralized water to urban and rural households that have no access to treated *** systems are considered the key strategic adoption measures for communities affected by climate *** materials,roofing conditions,roofing geometry,weather conditions,and land use/land cover (LULC) conditions can significantly affect the quality of ***,the effects of these factors on RRWH quality must be analyzed *** sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) have been widely used in urban environmental ***,these technologies have never been used to analyze,map,and model the effect of various factors on RRWH *** review determines the research gaps in the use of geospatial technologies in estimating RRWH quality and simulate the implications of roofing materials and roofing surface conditions towards the urban *** approach for the integrated use of remote sensing and GIS to assess the quality of RRWH is also proposed.

关键词： Roofing materials Roofing conditions Spatial modeling Environmental impact Remote sensing GIS

Increased Drying Rate Lowers the Critical Water Content for Survival in Embryonic Axes of English Oak (Quercus robur L.) Seeds

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第4期53卷 270-280页

作者： Tobias m.Ntuli William E.Finch-Savage Patricia Berjak norman W.Pammenter Plant Germplasm Conservation Research School of Biological and Conservation SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalWestville CampusPrivate Bag X54001Durban 4000South Africa Department of Life and Consumer Sciences University of South AfricaPrivate Bag X6Florida 1710JohannesburgSouth Africa Warwick HRI Warwick UniversityWellesbourneWarwick CV35 9EFUK Plant Germplasm Conservation Research School of Biological and Conservation SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalWestville

The potential to cryopreserve embryonic axes of desiccation-sensitive（recalcitrant） seeds is limited by damage during the desiccation necessary for low temperature survival,but the basis of this injury and how to reduce it is not well *** effects of drying rate on the viability,respiratory metabolism and free radical-mediated processes were therefore investigated during dehydration of Quercus robur L embryonic ***,assessed by evidence of germination and tetrazolium staining,showed a sharp decline at 0.27 and 0.8 g/g during rapid（〈12 h） or slow（3d） dehydration,*** dehydration therefore lowered the critical water content for *** any given water content rapid dehydration was associated with higher activities of the free radical processing enzymes,superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione reductase and lower levels of hydroperoxide and membrane *** dehydration was also associated with lower malate dehydrogenase activity,and a reduced decline in phosphofructokinase activity and in levels of the oxidized form of nicotinamide *** may have contributed to increased damage during slow dehydration,since viability declined even in hydrated storage after 3 *** results presented are consistent with rapid dehydration reducing the accumulation of damage resulting from desiccation induced aqueous-based deleterious reactions.

关键词： Quercus robur L Seeds Figure NADH

Operational continental-scale land cover mapping of Australia using the Open Data Cube

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International journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 1715-1737页

作者： Christopher j.Owers Richard m.Lucas Daniel Clewley Belle Tissott Sean m.T.Chua Gabrielle Hunt norman mueller Carole Planque Suvarna m.Punalekar Pete Bunting Peter Tan Graciela metternicht School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia Department of Geography and Earth Sciences Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and WaterCanberraAustralia Centre for Geospatial Applications Plymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK Geoscience Australia SymonstonAustralia Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityRichmondAustralia

To comprehensively support national and international initiatives for sustainable development,land cover products need to be reliably and routinely generated within operational *** with consistent semantics and taxonomies,ensuring confidence in mapping land cover for multiple time periods,facilitates informed decision-making at scales appropriate to multiple policy *** United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation(FAO)Land Cover Classification System(LCCS)provides a taxonomy that comparable at different scales,level of detail and geographic *** Open Data Cube(ODC)initiative offers a framework for operational continental-scale land cover mapping using analysis-ready Earth Observation *** study utilised the FAO LCCS framework and the Landsat sensor data through Digital Earth Australia(DEA;Australia’s ODC instance)to generate consistent and continent-wide land cover mapping(DEA Land Cover)of the Australian *** Land Cover provides annual maps from 1988 to 2020 at 25 m *** maps were validated with∼12,000 independent validation points,giving an overall map accuracy of 80%.DEA Land Cover provides Australia with a nationally consistent picture of land cover,with an open-source software package using readily available global coverage data and demonstrates a pathway of adoption for national implementations across the world.

关键词： DEA land cover digital earth Australia FAO LCCS landsat sustainable development goals

Living Earth:Implementing national standardised land cover classification systems for Earth Observation in support of sustainable development

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Big Earth Data 2021年第3期5卷 368-390页

作者： Christopher j.Owers Richard m.Lucas Daniel Clewley Carole Planque Suvarna Punalekar Belle Tissott Sean m.T.Chua Pete Bunting norman mueller Graciela metternicht Department of Geography and Earth Sciences Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionWalesUK Centre for Geospatial Applications Plymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthDevonEnglandUK Geoscience Australia SymonstonACTAustralia Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

Earth Observation(EO)has been recognised as a key data source for supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Advances in data availability and analytical capabilities have provided a wide range of users access to global coverage analysis-ready data(ARD).However,ARD does not provide the information required by national agencies tasked with coordinating the implementation of ***,standardised,scalable mapping of land cover and its change over time and space facilitates informed deci-sion making,providing cohesive methods for target setting and reporting of *** aim of this study was to implement a global framework for classifying land *** Food and Agriculture Organisation’s Land Cover Classification System(FAO LCCS)provides a global land cover taxonomy suitable to comprehensively support SDG target setting and *** present a fully implemented FAO LCCS optimised for EO data;Living Earth,an open-source software package that can be readily applied using existing national EO infrastructure and satellite *** resolve several semantic challenges of LCCS for consistent EO implementation,including modifications to environmental descriptors,inter-dependency within the mod-ular-hierarchical framework,and increased flexibility associated with limited data *** ensure easy adoption of Living Earth for SDG reporting,we identified key environmental descriptors to provide resource allocation recommendations for generating routinely retrieved input *** Earth provides an optimal platform for global adoption of EO4SDGs ensuring a transparent methodology that allows monitoring to be standardised for all countries.

关键词： Land cover FAO LCCS open data cube sustainable development goals environmental descriptors

Auxin EvoDevo: Conservation and Diversification of Genes Regulating Auxin Biosynthesis, Transport, and Signaling

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molecular Plant 2019年第3期12卷 298-320页

作者： michaela Sylvia matthes norman Bradley Best janlo m.Robil Simon malcomber Andrea Gallavotti Paula mcSteen Division of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize CenterUniversity of Missouri-Columbia301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences CenterColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Biological Sciences California State UniversityLongBeachCA 90840USA Waksman Institute of microbiology Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ 08854-8020USA Department of Plant Biology Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Present address:National Science Foundation 2415 Eisenhower AvenueAlexandriaVA 22314USA

The phytohormone auxin has been shown to be of pivotal importance in growth and development of land *** underlying molecular players involved in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling are quite well understood in ***, functional characterizations of auxin-related genes in economically important crops, specifically maize and rice, are still *** this article, we comprehensively review recent functional studies on auxirelated genes in both maize and rice, compared with what is known in Arabidopsis, and highlight conservation and diversification of their functions. Our analysis is illustrated by phylogenetic analysis and publicly available gene expression data for each gene family, which will aid in the identification of auxin-related genes for future *** challenges and future directions for auxin research in maize and rice are *** in gene editing techniques provide powerful tools for overcoming the issue of redundancy in these gene families and will undoubtedly advance auxin research in crops.

关键词： auxin maize Arabidopsis rice

Estimating potential harvestable biomass for bioenergy from sustainably managed private native forests in Southeast Queensland, Australia

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 62-76页

作者： michael r.ngugi victor j.neldner sean ryan tom lewis jiaorong li phillip norman michelle mogilski department of environment and sciencequeensland herbariumMt Coot-tha RoadToowongQld 4066Australia private forestry service queensland 8 Fraser RdGympieQld 4570Australa department of agriculture and fisheries university of sunshine coastSippy DownsQld 4556Australia department of environment and science soil and land resources41 Boggo RoadDutton ParkQld 4102Australia university of queensland St LuciaQld 4072Australia

Background： Australia＇s energy future is at the crossroads and the role of renewable sources is in focus. Biomass from sustainably managed forests provide a significant opportunity for electricity and heat generation and production of liquid fuels. Australia has extensive native forests of which a significant proportion are on private land. However, there is limited knowledge on the potential capacity of this resource to contribute to the expansion of a biomass for bioenergy industry. In addition, there are concerns on how to reconcile biomass harvesting with environmental protection. methods： We used regional ecosystem vegetation mapping for Queensland to stratify harvestable forests within the 1.8 m hectares of private native forests present in the Southeast Queensland bioregion in 2014. We used a dataset of 52,620 individual tree measurements from 541 forest inventory plots collected over the last 10 years. Tree biomass was estimated using current biomass allometric equations for Australia. Biomass potentially available from selective sawlog harvesting and silvicultural treatment across the bioregion was calculated and mapped. Results： Current sawlog harvesting extracts 41.4% of the standing tree biomass and a biomass for bioenergy harvest would retain on average 36% of felled tree biomass on site for the protection of environmental and fauna habitat values. The estimated area extent of harvestable private native forests in the bioregion in 2013 was 888,000 ha and estimated available biomass for bioenergy in living trees was 13.6 million tonnes （t）. The spotted gum （Corymbio citriodora subsp, variegata） forests were the most extensive, covering an area of 379,823 ha and with a biomass for bioenergy yield of 14.2 t-ha-1 （with approximately 11.2 ***-1 of the biomass harvested from silvicultural thinning and 3 ***-1 recovered from sawlog harvest residual）. Conclusions： Silvicultural treatment of private native forests in the Southeast Queensland bioregion, has the

关键词： Renewable energy Forest biomass Woody biomass Native forests Silvicultural management Biomassretention Biobased

Effect of hybrid rice varieties on growth and development of broilers and ducks

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 127-133页

作者： Frederick m.Lemieux Courtney P.Villemarette Eddie K.Lyons Thomas H.Shields norman German School of Agricultural Sciences McNeese State UniversityLake CharlesLA70609United States

Three experiments(Exp.1,n=144 broilers[Ross×Ross];Exp.2,n=118 mallard ducklings[Anas platyrhynchos];and Exp.3,n=75 mature mallard ducks)were conducted to determine the effects of 3 levels of unmilled hybrid rice on growth performance and organ and gastrointestinal tract *** dietary treatments were 1)corn-soybean meal(basal),2)basal+5%hybrid rice,and 3)basal+10%hybrid rice for Exp.1 to 3,*** bird from each pen in Exp.1(n=24)and all the birds in Exp.2(n=118)and Exp.3(n=75)were randomly selected and euthanized to determine linear measurements and organ and gastrointestinal tract *** Exp.1 and 2,birds fed 10%rice experi-enced slower growth(P0.05)in ***,birds fed 5%rice had significantly increased(Pm,and jejunum weights in Exp.2,and 10%rice significantly increased(Pmilled rice to broiler and duck diets may reduce growth performance.

关键词： Hybrid rice Broiler mallard duckling mallard duck

metabolomic studies in the inborn error of metabolism alkaptonuria reveal new biotransformations in tyrosine metabolism

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 1129-1142页

作者： Brendan P.norman Andrew S.Davison juliette H.Hughes Hazel Sutherland Peter j.m.Wilson Neil G.Berry Andrew T.Hughes Anna m.milan jonathan C.jarvis norman B.Roberts Lakshminarayan R.Ranganath George Bou-Gharios james A.Gallagher Institute of Life Course and medical Sciences University of LiverpoolWilliam Henry Duncan Building6 West Derby StreetLiverpoolL78TXUK Department of Clinical Biochemistry&metabolic medicine Liverpool Clinical LaboratoriesRoyal Liverpool University HospitalPrescot StreetLiverpoolL78XPUK School of Sport&Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityTom Reilly BuildingByrom StreetLiverpoolL33AFUK Department of Chemistry University of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL697ZDUK

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an inherited disorder of tyrosine metabolism caused by lack of active enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD). The primary consequence of HGD deficiency is increased circulating homogentisic acid (HGA), the main agent in the pathology of AKU disease. Here we report the first metabolomic analysis of AKU homozygous Hgd knockout (Hgd−/−) mice to model the wider metabolic effects of Hgd deletion and the implication for AKU in humans. Untargeted metabolic profiling was performed on urine from Hgd−/− AKU (n = 15) and Hgd+/− non-AKU control (n = 14) mice by liquid chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Experiment 1). The metabolites showing alteration in Hgd−/− were further investigated in AKU mice (n = 18) and patients from the UK National AKU Centre (n = 25) at baseline and after treatment with the HGA-lowering agent nitisinone (Experiment 2). A metabolic flux experiment was carried out after administration of 13C-labelled HGA to Hgd−/−(n = 4) and Hgd+/−(n = 4) mice (Experiment 3) to confirm direct association with HGA. Hgd−/− mice showed the expected increase in HGA, together with unexpected alterations in tyrosine, purine and TCA-cycle pathways. metabolites with the greatest abundance increases in Hgd−/− were HGA and previously unreported sulfate and glucuronide HGA conjugates, these were decreased in mice and patients on nitisinone and shown to be products from HGA by the 13C-labelled HGA tracer. Our findings reveal that increased HGA in AKU undergoes further metabolism by mainly phase II biotransformations. The data advance our understanding of overall tyrosine metabolism, demonstrating how specific metabolic conditions can elucidate hitherto undiscovered pathways in biochemistry and metabolism.

关键词： Alkaptonuria Biotransformation metabolism metabolomics mice