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Assimilation of GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar, EnKF, and Hybrid En3DVar for the Analysis and Short-Term Forecast of a Supercell Storm Case

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： Rong KONG Ming XUE Edward R.MANSELL Chengsi LIU Alexandre O.fierro Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite “R-series ”(GOES-R) Geostationary Lightning Mapper(GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation ensemble Kalman filter(GSI-EnKF) framework were previously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities are further developed to assimilate GOES GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-variational(EnVar) hybrid data assimilation(DA) framework. The results of assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar, and pure En3DVar(PEn3DVar, using 100% ensemble covariance and no static covariance) are compared with those of EnKF/DfEnKF for a supercell storm case. The focus of this study is to validate the correctness and evaluate the performance of the new implementation rather than comparing the performance of FED DA among different DA schemes. Only the results of 3DVar and pEn3DVar are examined and compared with EnKF/DfEnKF. Assimilation of a single FED observation shows that the magnitude and horizontal extent of the analysis increments from PEn3DVar are generally larger than from EnKF, which is mainly caused by using different localization strategies in EnFK/DfEnKF and PEn3DVar as well as the integration limits of the graupel mass in the observation operator. Overall, the forecast performance of PEn3DVar is comparable to EnKF/DfEnKF, suggesting correct implementation.

关键词： GOES-R lightning data assimilation EnKF EnVar

Effects of root morphology and anatomy on cadmium uptake and translocation in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 296-306页

作者： Lu Huang Wai Chin Li nora Fung Yee Tam Zhihong Ye School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong

A clear description of the certain mechanisms of cadmium(Cd) uptake and translocation in rice(Oryza sativa L.) may help to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grain. Hydroponic experiments were carried out to determine the effects of cultivation conditions(aerated and stagnant) on the uptake, translocation and subcellular distribution of Cd in relation to the morphology and anatomy of roots in two rice genotypes with different Cd accumulations in grains. Marked differences in morphology and anatomy were observed between these two genotypes under different cultivation conditions. Genotypes with low Cd accumulation in grains tended to develop fewer root tips per root surface area, larger root porosity and more mature apoplastic barriers. The stagnant cultivation condition decreased the number of root tips per root surface area but increased root porosity and accelerated apoplastic barrier formation in root *** Cd uptake studies revealed that rice plants with fewer number of root tips per root surface area reduced root Cd uptake ability, while mature apoplastic barriers increased root Cd retention in cell walls and the symplast. Thus, the fewer number of root tips per root surface area and the earlier formation of mature apoplastic barriers led to lower Cd uptake and translocation. The results indicated that the morphology and anatomy of roots could play important roles in Cd uptake and translocation in rice, and could be influenced by both genotype and cultivation conditions. The present results would be useful in screening and planting rice plants with low Cd accumulation.

关键词： Apoplastic barriers Cadmium Rice Root morphology

Friction and wear performance of polyether ether ketone(PEEK)polymers in three lubrication regimes

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 670-682页

作者： Davide MASSOCCHI nora LECIS Marco LATTUADA Davide SCAGLIA Steven CHATTERTON Paolo PENNACCHI Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di MilanoMilan 20156Italy Eni SpA Downstream product R&DLombardia 20097Italy Eurobearings S.R.L. Lombardia 29016Italy

This experimental study investigates the friction and wear of three coatings commonly used in industrial applications,particularly in hydrodynamic *** three materials under investigation were Babbitt,polyether ether ketone(PEEK)reinforced with 15%carbon fibers,and PEEK reinforced with 20%carbon *** first polymer material was extruded,while the other was produced by fused deposition modelling(FDM).The materials were subjected to sliding tests in a pin-on-disc configuration,with a steel ball serving as the counter *** tests were conducted at room temperature,with a load of 10 N and under three different lubrication conditions:dry,grease,and *** linear speed was set at 0.3 m/s for the dry and semi-solid lubrication tests,while for the oil tests,the speed was set at 0.25 m/*** greases used had consistency grades of NGLI 000 and NGLI *** ISO VG 68 circulation oil was used for the oil lubrication ***,thermodynamic analyses were performed under the most severe conditions(i.e.,dry)to investigate the steel-Babbitt and steel-PEEK contact.

关键词： hydrodynamic bearings polyether ether ketone(PEEK)polymers additive manufacturing grease lubrication sliding oil lubrication ball-on-disk tribology

A methodological framework for analyzing PPGIS data collected in 3D

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 3435-3455页

作者： Kamyar Hasanzadeh nora Fagerholm Hans Skov-Petersen Anton Stahl Olafsson Department of Geography and Geology University of TurkuTurkuFinland Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

Public participation geographic information system(PPGIS)is a facilitated Volunteered Geographic Information approach and data collection method that aims to capture the spatial experiences of *** we experience the space around us three-dimensionally,altitude,as the third dimension,has been often absent from PPGis research and *** is largely because of the complexity of implementing surveys in 3D but can also be attributed to a lack of analytical preparedness for using such *** study complements 3D PPGIS data collected from a pilot study of the Aninkainen block in Turku,Finland with synthetic,*** manufactured,data to propose an analytical framework for the study of 3D PPGIS *** analytical framework divides methods based on the geographical scale into two groups:micro-and macro-scale *** this framework,we propose the use of geospatial metrics to analyze 3D PPGIS *** argue that while this multidisciplinary area of research is in its infancy,use of intuitive 3D adapted geometric and landscape metrics can help overcome some of complexities associated with use of this emerging participatory *** conclude by outlining the limitations and envisioning areas for future research.

关键词： 3D GIS landscape metrics PPGIS

Epidemiological,clinical and laboratory findings of infectious keratitis at Mansoura Ophthalmic Center,Egypt

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第1期10卷 61-67页

作者： Amani E Badawi Dalia Moemen nora L El-Tantaw Departrnent of Ophthalmology Faculty of MedicineMansouraUniversityMansoura 35516Egypt Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineMansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineMansouraUniversityMansoura 35516Egypt

AIM： To analyze the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of infectious ***： A retrospective study on cases of infective keratitis, attended our institution from Mar. 2013 to Feb. 2015, was done at Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Egypt. Corneal scrapings were performed and processed for direct microscopy and culture in appropriate media using standard laboratory ***： Out of 245 patients enrolled for study, 247 corneal scrapings were obtained. Ocular trauma was the most common predisposing factor （51.4%）, followed by diabetes mellitus （15.1%）. Cultures were positive in 110 scraping samples （44.5%）： 45.5% samples had pure fungal infection, 40% had pure bacterial infections and 10% had mixed fungal and bacterial growths. Acanthamoeba was detected in 5 （4.5%） samples. The most common fungal pathogen was Aspergillus spp. （41%）. The most common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus （38.2%） and Pseudomonas aeruginosa （21.8%）.CONCLUSION： Incidence of fungal keratitis is high in our region. Therapeutic approach can initially be based on clinical features and sensitivity/resistance patterns. Microbiological research should direct the antimicrobial treatment. Antibiotic resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides is an important consideration.

关键词： infectious keratitis bacterial fungal parasitic predisposing factors antibiotic resistance

Metabolic regulation of immune responses to cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第11期19卷 1528-1542页

作者： Jannis WiBfeld Anke Werner Xin Yan nora ten Bosch Guoliang Cui Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology(HI-TRON) Mainz 55131Germany T Cell Metabolism Group(D192) German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)Heidelberg 69120Germany Faculty of Biosciences Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69120Germany

The tumor microenvironment is an ecosystem composed of multiple types of cells, such as tumor cells, immune cells, and cancerassociated fibroblasts. Cancer cells grow faster than non-cancerous cells and consume larger amounts of nutrients. The rapid growth characteristic of cancer cells fundamentally alters nutrient availability in the tumor microenvironment and results in reprogramming of immune cell metabolic pathways. Accumulating evidence suggests that cellular metabolism of nutrients, such as lipids and amino acids, beyond being essential to meet the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of immune cells, also regulates a broad spectrum of cellular signal transduction, and influences immune cell survival, differentiation, and anti-tumor effector function. The cancer immunometabolism research field is rapidly evolving, and exciting new discoveries are reported in high-profile journals nearly weekly. Therefore, all new findings in this field cannot be summarized within this short review. Instead, this review is intended to provide a brief introduction to this rapidly developing research field, with a focus on the metabolism of two classes of important nutrients-lipids and amino acids-in immune cells. We highlight recent research on the roles of lipids and amino acids in regulating the metabolic fitness and immunological functions of T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of “editing” metabolic pathways in immune cells to act synergistically with currently available immunotherapies in enhancing anti-tumor immune responses.

关键词： Lipids amino acids cancer anti-tumor immunity T cells NK cells metabolism immunometabolism

Preparation and characterization of asymmetric ultrafiltration membrane for effective recovery of proteases from surimi wash water

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 184-191页

作者： nora'aini ALI Fadhilati HASSAN Sofiah HAMZAH Department of Engineering Science Faculty of Science and Technology University Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Terengganu Malaysia

The wash water generated from the surimi processing industry contains a large amount of proteases which are widely used in the food and biotechnology industries. Asymmetric polysulfone and polyethersulfone ultrafiltration （PSf-UF and PES-UF） membranes with three different polymer concentrations were screened for their abilities to recover proteases from surimi wash water. In- house fabricated membranes were prepared via a simple dry/wet phase inversion technique and were characterized in terms of permeability coefficient, membrane morphol- ogy and molecular weight cut-off （MWCO）. The ability of the UF membranes to remove commercial proteases was tested at various pressures （up to 10 bars）. The membrane with the best performance, 15 wt-% PSf-UF, was further tested with actual surimi wash water. The effect of the pH of the feed solution （4 to 8） in the pre-treatment stage was also evaluated to recover the highest amount of proteases. The highest retention of protease was 96% with a flux of 25.6 L/（mZ.h） which was achieved with the 15 wt-% PSf- UF membrane.

关键词： membrane ultrafiltration proteases surimi wash water

Photoreceptor-Mediated Bending towards UV-B in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2014年第6期7卷 1041-1052页

作者： Filip Vandenbussche Kimberley Tilbrook Ana Carolina fierro Kathleen Marchal Dirk Poelman Dominique Van Der Straeten Roman UIm boratory of Functional Plant Biology Department of Physiology Faculty of Sciences Ghent University B-9000 Ghent Belgium Department of Botany and Plant Biology Sciences III University of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems Faculty of Bioscience Engineering KU Leuven B-3001 Heverlee Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Faculty of Sciences Ghent University B-9000 Ghent Belgium Department of Information Technology IMinds Faculty of Sciences Ghent University B-go00 Ghent Belgium Lumilab Department of Solid State Sciences Faculty of Sciences Ghent University B-9000 Ghent Belgium

Plants reorient their growth towards light to optimize photosynthetic light capture--a process known as phototropism. Phototropins are the photoreceptors essential for phototropic growth towards blue and ultraviolet-A （UV- A） light. Here we detail a phototropic response towards UV-B in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. We report that early differential growth is mediated by phototropins but clear phototropic bending to UV-B is maintained in photl phot2 double mutants. We further show that this phototropin-independent phototropic response to UV-B requires the UVoB photoreceptor UVR8. Broad UV-B-mediated repression of auxin-responsive genes suggests that UVR8 regulates directional bending by affecting auxin signaling. Kinetic analysis shows that UVR8-dependent directional bending occurs later than the phototropin response. We conclude that plants may use the full short-wavelength spectrum of sunlight to efficiently reorient photosynthetic tissue with incoming light.

关键词： phototropism UV-B auxin UVR8 Arabidopsis,

Anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs in mangrove sediment with amendment of NaHCO_3

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 148-156页

作者： Chun-Hua Li Yuk-Shan Wong Hong-Yuan Wang nora Fung-Yee Tam State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Department of Biology and Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Department of Biology The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory on Marine Pollution City University of Hong Kong

Mangrove sediment is unique in chemical and biological properties. Many of them suffer polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） contamination. However, the study on PAH biological remediation for mangrove sediment is deficient. Enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium and electron acceptor amendment are considered as two effective measures. Compared to other electron acceptors, the study on CO2, which is used by methanogens, is still seldom. This study investigated the effect of Na HCO3 amendment on the anaerobic biodegradation of four mixed PAHs, namely fluorene（Fl）, phenanthrene（Phe）,fluoranthene（Flua） and pyrene（Pyr）, with or without enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium in mangrove sediment slurry. The trends of various parameters, including PAH concentrations, microbial population size, electron-transport system activities, electron acceptor and anaerobic gas production were monitored. The results revealed that the inoculation of enriched PAH-degrading consortium had a significant effect with half lives shortened by 7–13 days for 3-ring PAHs and 11–24 days for 4-ring PAHs. While Na HCO3 amendment did not have a significant effect on the biodegradation of PAHs and other parameters, except that CO2 gas in the headspace of experimental flasks was *** of the possible reasons is that mangrove sediment contains high concentrations of other electron acceptors which are easier to be utilized by anaerobic bacteria, the other one is that the anaerobes in mangrove sediment can produce enough CO2 gas even without adding Na HCO3.

关键词： Anaerobic biodegradation Electron acceptor amendment Mangrove sediment Na HCO3amendment Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon