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Influence of entrainer recycle for batch heteroazeotropic distillation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 643-659页

作者： Laszlo Hegely peter lang Department of Building Service and Process Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsMuegyetem rkp.3-9Hungary

Dehydration of isopropanol applying batch heteroazeotropic distillation with toluene as entrainer (E) is investigated. The composition of the feed is near to that of the isopropanol (A)-water (B) azeotrope. The effects of recycling the entrainer and the off-cut are studied by dynamic simulation with a professional flow-sheet simulator. Three consecutive batches (one production cycle) is studied. Both operational modes (Mode I: decantation after distillation and Mode II: decantation during distillation) are simulated. For Mode II, calculations are performed both for Strategy A (distillate from the aqueous (E-lean) phase only) and Strategy B (partial withdrawal of the organic (E-rich phase), as well). The E-rich phase, the final column hold-up and the off-cut (Mode II only) are recycled to the next batch. The influence of the following parameters are determined: quantity of entrainer, reflux ratios of the steps. The variations caused by the recycling in the 2nd and 3rd batches are also shown. The best results (lowest specific energy demand and highest recovery of A) are obtained by Mode II, Strategy A. Recycling increases the recovery, and drastically diminishes the entrainer consumption. However, it makes the production slower and decreases the quantity of fresh feed that can be processed.

关键词： batch distillation heteroazeotropic distillation operational policies off-cut recycle entrainer

Multidisciplinary management of gastric and gastroesophageal cancers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第24期14卷 3773-3780页

作者： Markus Moehler Orestis Lyros Ines Gockel peter R Galle Hauke lang First Department of Internal Medicine of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Institute of Surgery of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz

Carcinomas of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction are among the five top leading cancer types worldwide. In spite of radical surgical R0 resections being the basis of cure of gastric cancer, surgery alone provides long-term survival in only 30% of patients with advanced International Union Against Cancer （UICC） stages in Western countries because of the high risk of recurrence and metachronous metastases. However, recent large phase-Ⅲ studies improved the diagnostic and therapeutic options in gastric cancers, indicating a more multidisciplinary management of the disease. Multimodal strategies combining different neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant protocols have clearly improved the gastric cancer prognosis when combined with surgery with curative intention. In particular, the perioperative （neoadjuvant, adjuvant） chemotherapy is now a well-established new standard of care for advanced tumors. Adjuvant therapy alone should be carefully discussed after surgical resection, mainly in individual patients with large lymph node positive tumors when neoadjuvant therapy could not be done. The palliative treatment options have also been remarkably improved with new chemotherapeutic agents and will further be enhanced with targeted therapies such as different monoclonal antibodies. This article reviews the most relevant literature on the multidisciplinary management of gastric and gastroesophageal cancer, and discusses future strategies toimprove Iocoregional failures.

关键词： Gastric cancer Chemotherapy Chemoradiation Adjuvant Neoadjuvant

Targeted therapies in cholangiocarcinoma:light at the end of the tunnel?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第4期12卷 631-633页

作者： Iakovos Amygdalos Ulf peter Neumann Sven Arke lang Department of General Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany

The genetic landscape of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)remains largely *** is one of the deadliest cancers(1),with the gold standard treatment for all anatomical forms(intrahepatic-iCCA,perihilar-pCCA and distal-dCCA)being surgical resection(with adjuvant capecitabine also recommended in the newest guidelines)(2,3).The importance of genetic markers in terms of postoperative and oncological outcomes is being increasingly recognized,but few actionable mutations have been identified so far(2,4).This is particularly pertinent for patients with advanced/irresectable disease,who rely on systemic *** outcomes are poor in these patients[5-year survival up to 10%-(5)]and they would profit the most from novel,targeted therapies.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) targeted therapy biomarkers

Mitochondrial protective and anti-apoptotic effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract on hippocampal neurons in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 2025-2034页

作者： Jun-mei Wang Ze-qiang Qu Jin-lang Wu peter Chung Yuan-shan Zeng Department of Histology and Embryology Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong Province China Department of Electron Microscope Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong Province China Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai liao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Institute of Spinal Cord In)ury Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong Province China Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu Province China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong Province China

In our previous study, we found that the edible alcohol extract of the root of the medicinal plant Rhodiola crenulata（RCE） improved spatial cognition in a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease. Another study from our laboratory showed that RCE enhanced neural cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and prevented damage to hippocampal neurons in a rat model of chronic stress-induced depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of RCE are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effect of RCE and its neuroprotective mechanism of action in a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease established by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin. The rats were pre-administered RCE at doses of 1.5, 3.0 or 6.0 g/kg for 21 days before model establishment. ATP and cytochrome c oxidase levels were significantly decreased in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease. Furthermore, neuronal injury was obvious in the hippocampus, with the presence of a large number of apoptotic neurons. In comparison, in rats given RCE pretreatment, ATP and cytochrome c oxidase levels were markedly increased, the number of apoptotic neurons was reduced, and mitochondrial injury was mitigated. The 3.0 g/kg dose of RCE had the optimal effect. These findings suggest that pretreatment with RCE prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and protects hippocampal neurons from apoptosis in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease.

关键词： nerve regeneration Alzheimer's disease intracerebroventricular injection streptozotocin neuronal apoptosis neuroprotection cytochrome c oxidase adenosine triphosphate caspase-3 NeuN neural regeneration

Coordination-driven self-assembly of dibenzo-18-crown-6 functionalized Pt(Ⅱ) metallacycles

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第2期34卷 158-160页

作者： Zibin Zhang Yu Yao lang He Tao Hong Shijun Li Feihe Huang peter J.Stang College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Department of Chemistry University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112United States

Coordination-driven self-assembly was used to construct two metallacycles of a dicarboxylatefunctionalized dibenzo-18-crown-6 in combination with either a 0° anthracene-based clip-type acceptor or a 60° phenanthrene-based acceptor. The angularities of these moieties make them suitable for the formation of a [2 + 2] rectangle and a [3 + 3] triangle, respectively. The synthesis, characterization and host-guest chemistry of two metallacycles were described and supported by31P{1H},1H NMR spectra and electrospray mass spectrometry.

关键词： Crown ethers Metallacycles Cation receptors Self-assembly

High miR-196a levels promote the oncogenic phenotype of colorectal cancer cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第17期15卷 2089-2096页

作者： Carl Christoph Schimanski Kirsten Frerichs Fareed Rahman Martin Berger Hauke lang peter R Galle Markus Moehler Ines Gockel First Department of Internal Medicine Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz 55131 Mainz Germany Unit of Toxicology and Chemotherapy GermanCancer Research Centre 69120 Heidelberg Germany Department of General and Abdominal Surgery Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz 55131 Mainz Germany

AIM： To analyze the relevance of the microRNA miR-196a for colorectal ***： The impact of miR-196a on the restriction targets HoxA7, HoxBS, HoxC8 and HoxD8 was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） after transient transfection of SW480 cancer cells. The miR-196a transcription profile in colorectalcancer samples, mucosa samples and diverse cancercell lines was quantified by RT-PCR. Transiently miR-196a-transfected colorectal cancer cells were used for diverse functional assays in vitro and for a xenograft lung metastasis model in ***： HoxA7, HoxB8, HoxC8 and HoxD8 wererestricted by miR-196a in a dose-dependent andgene-specific manner. High levels of miR-196aactivated the AKT signaling pathway as indicated byincreased phosphorylation of AKT. In addition, highlevels of miR-196a promoted cancer cell detachment,migration, invasion and chemosensitivity towardsplatin derivatives but did not impact on proliferationor apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-196a increased thedevelopment of lung metastases in mice after tail veininjection.

关键词： Micro-RNA Cancer Colorectal miR-196a Migration Homeobox

Role of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 in primary and secondary liver cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第11期13卷 1632-1647页

作者： Katharina Joechle Jessica Guenzle Claus Hellerbrand Pavel Strnad Thorsten Cramer Ulf peter Neumann Sven Arke lang Visceral and Transplantation Surgery University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfalisch Technische Hochschule AachenAachen 52074Germany Department of General and Visceral Surgery Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79106Germany Institute of Biochemistry Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NurnbergErlangen 91054Germany Department of Internal Medicine Ⅲ University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfalisch Technische Hochschule AachenAachen 52074Germany

The mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)acts in two structurally and functionally distinct protein complexes,mTOR complex 1(mTORC1)and mTOR complex 2(mTORC2).Upon deregulation,activated mTOR signaling is associated with multiple processes involved in tumor growth and *** with mTORC1,much less is known about mTORC2 in cancer,mainly because of the unavailability of a selective ***,existing data suggest that mTORC2 with its two distinct subunits Rictor and mSin1 might play a more important role than assumed so *** is one of the key effectors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and stimulates cell growth,cell survival,metabolism,and cytoskeletal *** is not only implicated in tumor progression,metastasis,and the tumor microenvironment but also in resistance to ***,the central subunit of mTORC2,was found to be upregulated in different kinds of cancers and is associated with advanced tumor stages and a bad ***,AKT,the main downstream regulator of mTORC2/Rictor,is one of the most highly activated proteins in *** and secondary liver cancer are major problems for current cancer therapy due to the lack of specific medical treatment,emphasizing the need for further therapeutic *** review,therefore,summarizes the role of mTORC2/Rictor in cancer,with special focus on primary liver cancer but also on liver metastases.

关键词： Mammalian target of rapamycin Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 Rictor Liver cancer Liver metastases Hepatocellular carcinoma Cholangiocellular carcinoma

Increased susceptibility for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and contraceptive-induced cholestasis in carriers of the 1331T>C polymorphism in the bile salt export pump

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第1期14卷 38-45页

作者： Yvonne Meier Tina Zodan Carmen lang Roland Zimmermann Gerd A Kullak-Ublick peter J Meier Bruno Stieger Christiane Pauli-Magnus Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland Clinical Trial Unit University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland

AIM： To study the association of three common ABCB11 and ABCC2 polymorphisms （ABCB11： 1331T〉C→V444A; ABCC2： 3563T〉A → V1188E and 4544G 〉A → C1515Y） with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP） and contraceptive-induced cholestasis （CIC）. METHODS： ABCB11 and ABCC2 genotyping data were available from four CIC patients and from 42 and 33 ICP patients, respectively. Allele-frequencies of the studied polymorphisms were compared with those in healthy pregnant controls and Caucasian individuals. Furthermore, serum bile acid levels were correlated with the presence or absence of the 1331 C allele. RESULTS： The ABCB11 1331T〉C polymorphism was significantly more frequent in cholestatic patients than in pregnant controls： C allele 76.2% （CI, 58.0-94.4） vs 51.3% （CI 35.8-66.7）, respectively （P = 0.0007）; and CC allele 57.1% （CI 36.0-78.3） vs 20% （CI 7.6-32.4）, respectively （P = 0.0065）. All four CIC patients were homozygous carriers of the C allele. In contrast, none of the studied ABCC2 polymorphism was overrepresented in ICP or CIC patients. Higher serum bile acid levels were found in carriers of the 1331CC genotype compared to carriers of the TT genotype. CONCLUSION： Our data support a role for the ABCB11 1331T〉C polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for the development of estrogen-induced cholestasis, whereas no such association was found for ABCC2. Serum bile acid and 7-glutamyl transferase levels might help to distinguish ABCB4- and ABCB11-related forms of ICP and CIC.

关键词： Cholestasis of pregnancy Contraceptive-induced cholestasis Bile salt export pump Multidrugresistance associated protein 2 Pharmacogenetics

Nanoelectromechanical Sensors Based on Suspended 2D Materials

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 1612-1636页

作者： Max C.Lemme Stefan Wagner Kangho Lee Xuge Fan Gerard J.Verbiest Sebastian Wittmann Sebastian Lukas Robin J.Dolleman Frank niklaus Herre S.Jvan der Zant Georg S.Duesberg peter G.Steeneken Chair of Electronic Devices RWTH Aachen UniversityOtto-Blumenthal-Str.252074 AachenGermany AMO GmbH Advanced Microelectronic Center Aachen(AMICA)Otto-Blumenthal-Str.2552074 AachenGermany Institute of Physics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversität der Bundeswehr MünchenWerner-Heisenberg-Weg 3985577 NeubibergGermany Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyMalvinas Vag 1010044 StockholmSweden Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering Delft University of TechnologyMekelweg 22628 CD DelftNetherlands Infineon Technologies AG Wernerwerkstraße 293049 RegensburgGermany nd Institute of Physics RWTH Aachen UniversityOtto-Blumenthal-Str.52074 AachenGermany Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of TechnologyLorentzweg 12628 CJ DelftNetherlands

The unique properties and atomic thickness of two-dimensional(2D)materials enable smaller and better nanoelectromechanical sensors with novel *** the last decade,many studies have successfully shown the feasibility of using suspended membranes of 2D materials in pressure sensors,microphones,accelerometers,and mass and gas *** this review,we explain the different sensing concepts and give an overview of the relevant material properties,fabrication routes,and device operation ***,we discuss sensor readout and integration methods and provide comparisons against the state of the art to show both the challenges and promises of 2D material-based nanoelectromechanical sensing.

关键词： Sensors enable accelerometer