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俄罗斯汉语教学历史、现状与发展对策研究

俄罗斯汉语教学历史、现状与发展对策研究

作者： CHIRKOv nikita（高飞）绍兴文理学院

学位级别：硕士

俄罗斯对外汉语教学法是一个复杂、重要且有趣的研究课题。由于个体的语言知识和语言技能存在差异,每位老师在汉语教学中使用的方法也各不相同。汉语不仅是现代语言中使用最广泛的语言,拥有超过13亿的使用者,也是一个多种方言的组合体... 详细信息

俄罗斯对外汉语教学法是一个复杂、重要且有趣的研究课题。由于个体的语言知识和语言技能存在差异,每位老师在汉语教学中使用的方法也各不相同。汉语不仅是现代语言中使用最广泛的语言,拥有超过13亿的使用者,也是一个多种方言的组合体。因此,汉语教学对俄罗斯人来说是一个巨大的挑战。对于俄罗斯人来说,从事汉语教学,仅精通汉语是远远不够的。对外汉语教学不同于对本族人的语文教学;首先,就教学对象而言,第二语言学习者在学习第二语言时,严格来说并非重新习得一种语言,而是在培养新的语言习惯,扩大言语行为手段;在熟悉自己母语的情况下,也就是说在已经掌握一套语言规则以外,再学习一种可以替代的规则。作为成年人的俄罗斯留学生已具备其他知识与技能,他们的身心已经成熟,他们善于类推,精于比较,故而难免把某些已知的语言规则用于汉语学习之中。因此,对外汉语教学不是教留学生习得语言,而是教授他们某种新的语言表现形式,培养新的语言习惯。本论文主要包括以下四部分:第一部分为绪论,该部分首先阐述选题的背景意义与创新点,然后分别概述俄罗斯汉语教学研究成果和中国对外汉语教学研究成果,最后说明本文的研究内容与研究方法;第二章概述俄罗斯汉语教学的历史与现状,首先概述俄罗斯人学习汉语的历史,然后分别研究俄罗斯大学与其他教学机构汉语教学的发展与现状;第三章论述俄罗斯汉语教学存在的问题与对策研究,首先从课程设置、教学方法、教学信息和语言环境等方面分析论述俄罗斯汉语教学存在的问题及对策,其次从俄汉书写、语音与语法三方面的差异提出跨文化教学对策;第四部分为结论部分,文章将围绕如何在俄罗斯进行有针对性的跨文化汉语教育提出相应的解决方案。

关键词：俄罗斯汉语教学历史与现状对策

基于政府购买的居家养老服务问题研究 ——以上海市松江区为例

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基于政府购买的居家养老服务问题研究 ——以上海市松江区为例

作者： ODINOKOv nikita（尼克）华东政法大学

学位级别：硕士

中国老年人数量的不断增加使老龄化程度也在不断加深,全国各城市的养老压力也随之增大。众所周知,在中国,自古以来就有“养儿防老”的观念,且近年来随着养老机构费用的持续走高,使各地的绝大部分老年人依旧愿意选择“居家养老”的方式... 详细信息

中国老年人数量的不断增加使老龄化程度也在不断加深,全国各城市的养老压力也随之增大。众所周知,在中国,自古以来就有“养儿防老”的观念,且近年来随着养老机构费用的持续走高,使各地的绝大部分老年人依旧愿意选择“居家养老”的方式安度晚年。且随着社会的进步、科技的提升以及老年人自身的心理、生理变化,“居家养老”的方式不仅对中国医疗卫生、养老保障和社会服务等方面提出了一定的要求,同时还需要当今居家养老体系能够为其提供更为丰富的服务内容,这就对当今居家养老服务提出了更多的要求。目前,养老服务需求面广,异质性也很强,主要分为以下四种:日常照料需求、医疗保健需求、精神慰藉需求和社会参与需求。笔者作为一名外国留学生,对中国的居家养老比较感兴趣,所以本文以政府购买居家养老服务为主要研究内容,以上海市松江区为例进行分析,通过分析理论研究现实了解到上海松江政府购买居家养老服务的基本状况以及取得的一些成效,发现并分析其中存在的问题,对比国内已开展社区养老服务的成果经验,同时借鉴国外在居家养老服务中较成熟且成功的案例,在该基础上,对完善政府购买居家养老服务提出相对合理的对策。

关键词：政府购买居家养老居家养老服务问题

Blood–brain barrier and laser technology for drug brain delivery

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2017年第5期10卷 27-38页

作者： Oxana v.Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya Arkady S.Abdurashitov Elena I.Saranceva Eketerina G.Borisova Alexander A.Shirokov nikita v.Navolokin Saratov State University 83 Astrakhanskaya Str.Saratov 410012 Russia Institute of Electronics Bulgarian Academy of Sciences TsarigradskoChaussee 72 Sofia 1784Bulgaria Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms Russian Academy of Sciences 13 Prospekt EntuziastovSaratov 410049Russia Saratov State Medical University Saratov 410010 Russia

Here,we discuss an important problem in medicine as development of efctive strategies for brain drug *** problem is related to the blood-brain barrier(BBB),which is a“customs”controlling the entrance of different molecules from blood into the brain protecting the normal function of central nervous system(CNS).We show three interfaces of anatomical side of BBB and two functional types of BBB一physical and transporter *** this protective mechanism is essential for health of CNS,it also creates a hindrance to the entry of drugs into the *** BBB was discovered over 100 years ago but till now,there is no efective methods for brain drug *** ane more than 70 approaches for overcoming BBB incuding physical,chenical and biological techniques but all of these tools have limitation to be widely used in clinical practice due to invasi venes,challenge in performing,very costly or lim-itation of drug *** therapy(PDT)is usual clinical method of surgical navigation for the resection of brain tumor and anti-cancer ***,the application of PDT is considered as a potential promising tool for brain drug delivery via opening of ***,we show the first sucoessful experimental results in this field discussing the adventures and disadv antages of PDT-related BBB disruption as well as altematives to overcome these limitations and possi ble mechanisms with new pathways for brain clearance via gly mphatic and lymphatic systems.

关键词： Blood-brain barrier laser technologies photodynamic therapy brain drug delivery

Unusual Contents of Inguinal Hernia Sac. An Approach to Management

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Surgical Science 2011年第6期2卷 322-325页

作者： Norman Oneil Machado nikita Neha Machado 不详

Background-Unusual contents of hernia sac are uncommon, but are likely to be encountered by a surgeon in his career due to the frequency of hernia repair. The aim of this study, is to present our experience of unusual contents in inguinal hernia sac, discuss its management and review the relevant literature with regards to others experience. Patients and methods-Retrospective study of 662 patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair over an 8 year period from 2000 to 2008 was carried out. Results-Seven patients presented with unusual contents in inguinal hernia sac;an incidence of 1.05%. Three of them had vermiform appendix, with acute appendicitis (Amyand’s Hernia) noted in one of them. All patients underwent appendicectomy with repair of hernia, with mesh being employed only in patients with normal appendix. In 2 cases urinary bladder had herniated and there was one case each of ovarian cyst and fallopian tube with ovary as its content. In all these patients hernia repair was carried out after carefully reducing the contents. Conclusion-Unusual contents of hernia may pose a surgical dilemma during hernia repair even to an experienced surgeon. Although rare, a hernia may contain vermiform appendix and exceptionally it may be acutely inflamed. Tubal and ovarian herniation in an inguinal hernia may be found in adult and perimenopausal women, though the incidence is reported to be more common in children. Urinary bladder herniation occurs with similar incidence as tubo ovarian hernia;however it requires special attention because of the risk of iatrogenic bladder injury during inguinal dissection. Though appendix as a content is dealt with by appendicectomy followed by hernioplasty, every effort should be made to preserve other organs found in the hernia sac to achieve an uneventful postoperative period.

关键词： Inguinal Hernia Amyand’s Hernia Appendix Ovarian Cyst Hernia Repair

An HIv 1/2 point of care test on sputum for screening TB/HIv coinfection in central India-Will it work?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第3期6卷 216-219页

作者： Prabha Desikan Sajal De Nitika Pant Pai Pradyumna K Mishra Kaushal Kumar nikita Panwalkar Mayanka verma Zia Ul Hasan Kewal K Maudar Department of Microbiology Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research CentreBhopalIndia Department of Pulmonary Medicine Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research CentreBhopalIndia Department of Medicine Division of Clinical EpidemiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontrealCanada Department of Research Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research CentreBhopalIndia TB Hospital Idgah HillsBhopalIndia

Objective:To determine whether the OraQuick(?).HIv-1/2 Assay(OraSure Technologies, Inc.,Bethlehem,PA,USA) in sputum is a valid tool for HIv surveillance among TB patients. Methods:A cross sectional study was carried out on sputa of patients diagnosed with *** were tested for antibodies to HIv using OraQuick. HIv-1/2 Assay(OraSure Technologies,Inc.,Bethlehem,PA,USA).The results were compared with results of serum ***:Compared to serum ELISA,the OraQuick(?).HIv-1/2 Assay in sputum specimens reported 90%sensitivity(9/10)and 100%specificity(307/307),with a positive predictive value of 100%(95%CI:66.37%-100.00%)and a negative predictive value of 99.68%(95%CI:98.20%-99.99%). Conclusions:This testing method may provide a useful strategy for conducting HIv surveillance in possible co-infected TB patients at peripheral *** there is no investment on infrastructure,it may be possible for paramedical health professionals to carry out the test. particularly in areas with low HIv endemicity.

关键词： Oraquick HIv Tuberculosis Sputum

计及电动汽车接入的区域综合能源系统双层日前协调优化调度

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电力建设 2023年第5期44卷 23-33页

作者：李玲曹锦业 nikita Tomin 杨德昌郑颖颖中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院北京市100083 俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院能源研究所新西伯利亚630090

规模化电动汽车(electric vehicles,Ev)的接入对区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system,RIES)优化调度提出了新的挑战,文章提出了计及分布式电源和电动汽车源荷双向互动的RIES双层日前优化调度策略。首先,采用蒙特卡洛法... 详细信息

规模化电动汽车(electric vehicles,Ev)的接入对区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system,RIES)优化调度提出了新的挑战,文章提出了计及分布式电源和电动汽车源荷双向互动的RIES双层日前优化调度策略。首先,采用蒙特卡洛法模拟电动汽车无序充电,在此基础上利用分时电价引导负荷侧的电动汽车有序充电;然后,基于电力市场和碳交易市场,充分考虑源侧风光出力和负荷侧价格型需求响应等过程中的不确定性因素,以日系统经济成本和碳交易成本最低为目标进行系统优化调度,并采用改进粒子群算法进行求解;最后,通过仿真算例分析可得,文章提出的双层优化调度策略能够有效降低系统的负荷峰谷差,在实现电动汽车有序充电的同时,能够有效提升用户用电满意度、降低碳排放量以及增加系统经济效益。

关键词：电动汽车有序充电分时电价需求响应双层日前调度策略

Highly efficient transient stimulated Raman scattering on secondary vibrational mode of BaWO_(4) crystal due to its constructive interference with self-phase modulation

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Chinese Optics Letters 2023年第3期21卷 113-117页

作者： Igor Kinyaevskiy valeri Kovalev Pavel Danilov nikita Smirnov Sergey Kudryashov Andrey Koribut Andrey Ionin P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991Russia

An exceptionally high stimulated Raman scattering[SRS]conversion efficiency to the first Stokes component associated with the secondary[low-frequency and low intensity]vibrational mode v2[~330 cm^[-1]]was observed in a BaWO4 crystal in a highly transient regime of *** effect takes place in the range of pump pulse energy from~0.1 to~0.5μJ with maximum energy conversion efficiency up to 35%at 0.2μ*** nature of the observed effects is explained by interference of SRS and self-phase modulation,where the latter is related to a noninstantaneous orientational Kerr nonlinearity in the BaWO4 crystal.

关键词： stimulated Raman scattering secondary vibrational mode self-phase modulation ultrashort laser pulses transient phenomena

Evolution of Physical and Chemical Properties of Phenolic Resin-Based Carbon/Carbon Composites Reinforced with Short Discrete Fibers during Pyrolysis

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2014年第8期8卷 778-785页

作者： Nashchokin Anton Malakho Artem Garadja nikita Rogozin Alexey Chemistry Department Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia Aleksin Chemical Plant Aleksin 301361 Russia

In the present work, novolac phenolic resin-based composites reinforced with short discrete carbon fibers were pyrolized at different temperatures from 400℃ to 900℃. Their physical and chemical properties were studied, linterfacial bonding between the matrix and carbon fiber and its influence on mechanical properties of analyzed composites were analyzed. Experimental results demonstrated strengthening of interfacial bonding with increase of pyrolysis temperature. Evolution of failure behavior was observed.

关键词： Carbon/carbon composite phenolic resin interfacial bonding pyrolysis carbonization.

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俄罗斯能源出口贸易研究

俄罗斯能源出口贸易研究

作者： Kazakov nikita（尼基塔）哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

俄罗斯油气资源储量丰富,开发潜力巨大,不仅可以满足俄罗斯的基本生活和生产需要,还可以形成强大的出口能力。俄罗斯凭借强大的能源储备、大规模的油气资源出口实现了经济的稳定、复兴和增长。能源资源已经成为影响俄罗斯当前和未来发... 详细信息

俄罗斯油气资源储量丰富,开发潜力巨大,不仅可以满足俄罗斯的基本生活和生产需要,还可以形成强大的出口能力。俄罗斯凭借强大的能源储备、大规模的油气资源出口实现了经济的稳定、复兴和增长。能源资源已经成为影响俄罗斯当前和未来发展的关键性因素。随着亚太地区能源消费能力的快速增长以及俄罗斯东部大开发战略的实施,俄罗斯能源对外贸易的发展关系不仅影响到俄罗斯国内能源产业发展、国内宏观经济发展以及对整个世界能源体系产生深远的影响。俄罗斯能源出口贸易伙伴主要是欧盟、日本、美国和中国,从对俄欧、俄日、俄美、俄中能源贸易现状的分析中,可以发现俄罗斯能源出口贸易发展中存在着一系列问题。而导致这些问题出现的主要原因在于能源产品结构单一,其中石油天燃气在能源贸易中占主导地位、能源效率差异较大、能源利用率很低;管道等运输基础设施不足,能源开采与运输成本过高,导致能源发展潜力受限;加上俄罗斯能源领域相关法律制度不完善,能源管理体制落后及执行力差等能源法规与政府管理体制因素制约了俄罗斯能源合作的进一步发展。另外,国际政治经济形势的变动对俄罗斯能源出口也产生了重要的影响作用,由于国际能源价格波动,以及俄与欧美、与东北亚地地缘政治关系也对俄罗斯能源发展带来了挑战。针对俄罗斯能源对外贸易发展中面临的问题,必须制定合理的能源发展战略,发挥俄罗斯国内能源产业投资优势,积极开展俄罗斯与多方能源经贸合作,不断提高俄罗斯能源产业的国际竞争力,促进俄罗斯能源贸易的发展,以此发挥能源贸易对俄国内经济的带动作用。

关键词：能源产品能源出口贸易能源合作