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Etiology and management of urethral calculi:A systematic review of contemporary series

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Asian journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 10-18页

作者： Andrew Morton Arsalan Tariq nigel Dunglison Rachel Esler Matthew j.Roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Ipswich HospitalQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research HerstonAustralia

Objective:To conduct a systematic literature review on urethral calculi in a contemporary cohort describing etiology,investigation,and management ***:A systematic search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)databases was ***,including case reports and case series on urethral calculi published between january 2000 and December 2019,were ***-text manuscripts were reviewed for clinical parameters including symptomatology,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and *** were collated and analyzed with univariate ***:Seventy-four publications met inclusion criteria,reporting on 95 *** symptoms(41.1%),pain(40.0%),and acute urinary retention(32.6%)were common presenting *** calculi were most often initially investigated using plain X-ray(63.2%),with almost all radio-opaque(98.3%).Urethral calculi were frequently associated with coexistent bladder or upper urinary tract calculi(16.8%)and underlying urethral pathology(53.7%)including diverticulum(33.7%)or stricture(13.7%).Urethral calculi were most commonly managed with external urethrolithotomy(31.6%),retrograde manipulation(22.1%),and endoscopic in situ lithotripsy(17.9%).Conclusion:This unique systematic review of urethral calculi provided a summary of clinical features and treatment trends with a suggested treatment *** in contemporary urological practice should be according to calculus size,shape,anatomical location,and presence of urethral pathology.

关键词： Urinary calculi Urethra Urethral calculi Management algorithm

The variation of DOM during long distance water transport by the China South to North Water Diversion Scheme and impact on drinking water treatment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 85-100页

作者： Hankun Yang Yujuan Li Hongyu Liu nigel j.D.Graham Xue Wu jiawei Hou Mengjie Liu Wenyu Wang Wenzheng Yu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and TechnologyResearch Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Environment and Municipal Engineering Qingdao Technological UniversityQingdao266033China Colleges of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150006China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane Processes School of Environment Science and EngineeringTiangong UniversityTianjin300387China

In this study,samples were taken from three locations,upstream to downstream,along the central route project of the China South to North Water Diversion(SNWD)scheme in summer and *** were used to reveal the variations of dissolved organic matter(DOM)during the water transfer process,and the effects of these variations on drinking water treatment and disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPs-FP).The results showed that polysaccharides accumulate in summer and reduce in winter with flow distance,which has an important effect on the overall properties of DOM,as well as on the performance of coagulation,ultrafiltration,and the formation of *** substances,and their hydrophilic content,also increased in summer and decreased in winter with flow *** contrast,the concentration of small organic substances(MW≤1000 Da)increased in both summer and winter with flow distance,which affected both nanofiltration(NF)membrane fouling and *** results provide a useful case study of spatial and temporal changes in raw water DOM during long distance water transfer and their impact on the treatment and quality of drinking water from the SNWD.

关键词： Long-distance water transfer The China South to North Water Diversion Scheme Coagulation Membrane filtration Disinfection by-products

Pores for thought:generative adversarial networks for stochastic reconstruction of 3D multi-phase electrode microstructures with periodic boundaries

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 971-981页

作者： Andrea Gayon-Lombardo Lukas Mosser nigel P.Brandon Samuel j.Cooper Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72BPUK Earth Science Analytics ASA Professor Olav Hanssens vei 7AStavanger 4021Norge Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72DBUK

The generation of multiphase porous electrode microstructures is a critical step in the optimisation of electrochemical energy storage *** work implements a deep convolutional generative adversarial network(DC-GAN)for generating realistic nphase microstructural *** same network architecture is successfully applied to two very different three-phase microstructures:A lithium-ion battery cathode and a solid oxide fuel cell anode.A comparison between the real and synthetic data is performed in terms of the morphological properties(volume fraction,specific surface area,triple-phase boundary)and transport properties(relative diffusivity),as well as the two-point correlation *** results show excellent agreement between datasets and they are also visually *** modifying the input to the generator,we show that it is possible to generate microstructure with periodic boundaries in all three *** has the potential to significantly reduce the simulated volume required to be considered“representative”and therefore massively reduce the computational cost of the electrochemical simulations necessary to predict the performance of a particular microstructure during optimisation.

关键词： microstructure electrode phase

The Involvement of Lipids in Alzheimer's Disease

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journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第5期41卷 261-274页

作者： Wei Ling Florence Lim Ian james Martins Ralph nigel Martins School of Medical Sciences Edith Cowan University Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care McCusker Foundation for Alzheimer's Disease Research Inc. Suite 22 Hollywood Medical Centre School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences The University of Western Australia

It has been estimated that Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, the most common form of dementia, will affect approximately 81 million individuals by 2040. To date, the actual cause and cascade of events in the progression of this disease have not been fully determined. Furthermore, there is currently no definitive blood test or simple diagnostic method for AD. Considerable efforts have been put into proteomic approaches to develop a diagnostic blood test, but to date these efforts have not been successful. More recently, there has been a stronger focus on lipidomic studies in the hope of increasing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to AD and developing an AD blood test. It is well known that the strongest genetic risk factor for AD is the e4 variant of apolipoprotein E （APOE）. Evidence suggests that the ApoE protein, a major lipid transporter, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD, and its role in both normal and aberrant lipid metabolism warrants further extensive investigation. Here, we review ApoE-lipid interactions, as well as the roles that lipids may play in the pathogenesis of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Lipids ApoE Oxysterols Inflammation

Drug therapy for heart failure in older patients —what do they want？

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第2期12卷 165-173页

作者： Donah Zachariah jacqueline Taylor nigel Rowell Clare Spooner Paul R Kalra Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust Portsmouth P06 3L Y UK Glasgow Royal Infirmary Glasgow G40SF UK South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust TS4 3BW UK Servier Laboratories Ltd SL3 6P J UK

Chronic heart failure （CHF） is predominantly seen in older patients, and therefore real life medicine often requires the extrapolation of findings from trials conducted in much younger populations. Prescribing patterns and potential benefits in the elderly are heavily influenced by polypharmacy and co-morbid pathologies. Increasing longevity may become less relevant in the frail elderly, whereas improving quality of life （QoL） often becomes priority; the onus being on improving wellbeing, maintaining independence for longer, and delaying institution- alisation. Specific studies evaluating elderly patients with CHF are lacking and little is known regarding the tolerability and side-effect profile of evidence based drug therapies in this population. There has been recent interest on the impact of heart rate in patients with symptomatic CHF. Ivabradine, with selective heart rate lowering capabilities, is of benefit in patients with CHF and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in sinus rhythm, resulting in reduction of heart failure hospitalisation and cardiovascular death. This manuscript will focus on CHF and the older patient and will discuss the impact of heart rate, drug therapies and tolerability. It will also highlight the tmmet need for specific studies that focus on patient-centred study end points rather than mortality targets that characterise most therapeutic trials. An on-going study evalu- ating the impact of ivabradine on QoL that presents a unique opportunity to evaluate the tolerability and impact of an established therapy on a wide range of real life, older patients with CHF will be discussed.

关键词： Heart failure Heart rate Quality of life The elderly

Hydrogen for a Net-Zero Carbon World

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Engineering 2023年第10期29卷 8-10页

作者： nigel P.Brandon james j.Brandon Faculty of Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK The First Element Ltd. London N17GUUK

*** hydrogen?The concept of the“hydrogen economy”was first coined by *** Bockris during a talk he gave in 1970 at the General Motors Technical ***’s talk introduced the vision of a world economy in which energy was... 详细信息

关键词： hydrogen Carbon economy

Colonic and anal metastases from pancreato-biliary malignancies

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第13期20卷 3693-3697页

作者： Farshid Ejtehadi Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Rebecca j Brais nigel R Hall Edmund M Godfrey Emmanuel Huguet Raaj K Praseedom Asif jah Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshire CB2 0QQUnited Kingdom Department of Histopathology Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshire CB2 0QQUnited Kingdom Cambridge Colorectal Unit Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshireCB2 0QQUnited Kingdom Department of Radiology Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshire CB2 0QQUnited Kingdom

Pancreato-biliary malignancies often present with locally advanced or metastatic *** is the mainstay of treatment although less than 20%of tumours are suitable for resection at *** sites for metastases are liver,lungs,lymph nodes and peritoneal *** disease carries poor prognosis,with median survival of less than 3 *** report two cases where metastases from pancreato-biliary cancers were identified in the colon and anal *** both cases specific immunohistochemical staining was utilised in the *** the first case,the pre-senting complaint was obstructive jaundice due to an ampullary tumour for which a pancreato-duodenectomy was carried ***,the patient re-presented 4wk later with an atypical anal fissure which was found to be metastatic deposit from the primary ampullary *** the second case,the patient presented with obstructive jaundice due to a biliary *** imaging revealed sigmoid thickening,which was confirmed to be a metastatic *** colonic and anorectal metastases from pancreatobiliary cancers are rare and can masquerade as primary colorectal *** key to the diagnosis is the specific immunohistochemical profile of the intestinal lesion biopsies.

关键词： Pancreatobiliary cancer Rare metastatic sites Colonic metastasis Anal metastasis Immunohistochemistry

A brief history of the Rheic Ocean

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第2期3卷 125-135页

作者： R.Damian Nance Gabriel Gutirrez-Alonso j.Duncan Keppie Ulf Linnemann j.Brendan Murphy Cecilio Quesada Rob A.Strachan nigel H.Woodcock Department of Geological Sciences 316 Clippinger Laboratories Ohio University Departamento de Geología Universidad de Salamanca 33708 Salamanca Departamento de Geología Regional Instituto de Geología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mxico Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden Museum fur Mineralogie und Geologie Konigsbrucker Landstra βe 159D-01109 DresdenGermany Department of Earth Sciences St.Francis Xavier University Instituto Geolóogico y Minero de Espaa Ríos Rosas 2328003 MadridSpain School of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of Portsmouth Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge Downing StreetCambridge CB2 3EQUK

The Rheic Ocean was one of the most important oceans of the Paleozoic Era. It lay between Laurentia and Gondwana from the Early Ordovician and closed to produce the vast Ouachita- Alleghanian-Variscan orogen during the assembly of Pangea. Rifting began in the Cambrian as a continua- tion of Neoproterozoic orogenic activity and the ocean opened in the Early Ordovician with the separation of several Neoproterozoic arc terranes from the continental margin of northern Gondwana along the line of a former suture. The rapid rate of ocean opening suggests it was driven by slab pull in the outboard Iapetus Ocean. The ocean reached its greatest width with the closure of Iapetus and the accretion of the peri- Gondwanan arc terranes to Laurentia in the Silurian. Ocean closure began in the Devonian and continued through the Mississippian as Gondwana sutured to Laurussia to form Pangea. The ocean consequently plays a dominant role in the Appalachian-Ouachita orogeny of North America, in the basement geology of southern Europe, and in the Paleozoic sedimentary, structural and tectonothermal record from Middle America to the Middle East. Its closure brought the Paleozoic Era to an end.

关键词： Rheic Ocean Variscan-Alleghanian-Ouachita orogen Pangea North America Europe

Model-guided design of a high performance and durability Ni nanofiber/ceria matrix solid oxide fuel cell electrode

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第5期30卷 98-112页

作者： Mengzheng Ouyang Antonio Bertei Samuel j.Cooper Yufei Wu Paul Boldrin Xinhua Liu Masashi Kishimoto Huizhi Wang Max Naylor Marlow jingyi Chen Xiaolong Chen Yuhua Xia Billy Wu nigel P.Brandon Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonExhibicion RoadLondon SW72AZUnired Kingdom Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering(D1CI) University of PisaLargo Lucio Lazzarino256J22 PisaItaly Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom Department of Computing Imperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityKejiyuan RdHaidianBeijing 100083China Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Kyoto UniversityYoshidahonmachiSakyo WardKyotoKyoto Prefecture 606-8501Japang Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeThe Old SchoolsTrinity LnCambridge CB21TNUnited Kingdom

Mixed ionic electronic conductors(MIECs)have attracted increasing attention as anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and they hold great promise for lowering the operation temperature of ***,there has been a lack of understanding of the performance-limiting factors and guidelines for rational design of composite metal-MIEC *** a newly-developed approach based on 3 D-tomography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,here for the first time we quantify the contribution of the dual-phase boundary(DPB)relative to the three-phase boundary(TPB)reaction pathway on real MIEC electrodes.A new design strategy is developed for Ni/gadolinium doped ceria(CGO)electrodes(a typical MIEC electrode)based on the quantitative analyses and a novel Ni/CGO fiber-matrix structure is proposed and fabricated by combining electrospinning and tape-casting methods using commercial *** only 11.5 vol%nickel,the designer Ni/CGO fiber-matrix electrode shows 32%and 67%lower polarization resistance than a nano-Ni impregnated CGO scaffold electrode and conventional cermet electrode *** results in this paper demonstrate quantitatively using real electrode structures that enhancing DPB and hydrogen kinetics are more efficient strategies to enhance electrode performance than simply increasing TPB.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cells Electrospinning Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Tomography 2-d model Ceria