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Insect her.ivor. along envir.nmental gr.dients

Open Jour.al of Ecology 2012年第4期2卷 202-213页

作者： nigel r. andrew Isobel r. r.ber.s Sar.h J. Hill Centr. for.Behaviour.l and Physiological Ecology Zoology University of New England Armidale Australia

Ther. is a gener.l assumption in the liter.tur. that insect her.ivor. incr.ases towar.s the tr.pics, but decr.ases with incr.asing altitude. Similar.gener.lities have been identified along other.envir.nmental gr.dients, such as r.sour.e, temper.tur., climatic and biotic gr.dients. However.ther. is gr.wing evidence in the scientific liter.tur. that such gener.lities ar. not consistent. This could be due to a number.of r.asons including the lack of consistency in the way her.ivor. is assessed such as differ.nt methodologies used by r.sear.her., or.fundamental differ.nces in leaf damage caused by differ.nt types of insect her.ivor.s. Her. we assess 61 publications r.sear.hing insect her.ivor. along a r.nge of envir.nmental gr.dients (both biotic and abiotic) and r.view the methods that r.sear.her. have used to collected their.data. We found leaf chewing fr.m samples collected in Nor.h Amer.ca dominated the field and most studies assessed her.ivor. on a single host plant species. Thir.y thr.e per.ent of the studies assessed latitudinal gr.dients, while 10% assessed altitudinal gr.dients. Insect her.ivor. was most commonly expr.ssed as per.entage leaf damage using point her.ivor.. Fewer.studies measur.d a r.nge of differ.nt types of her.ivor. (such as sap sucking, leaf mining, galling, and r.ot feeding) as leaves aged. Fr.m our.synthesis, we hope that futur. r.sear.h into insect her.ivor. along envir.nmental gr.dients will take into account her.ivor. other.than just leaf chewing, such as sap sucking, which may cause mor. damage to plants. Futur. r.sear.h should also assess her.ivor. as a r.te, r.ther.than just a single point in time as damage to a young leaf may be mor. costly to a plant than damage to a matur. or.senescing leaf. Measur.ments of plant tr.its will also assist in compar.ng her.ivor. acr.ss habitats, plant species, and within species physiological var.ation. The tr.e impacts that insects have on plants via her.ivor. along envir.nmental gr.dients ar. still p

关键词： Insect Her.ivor. Gr.dients Leaf Chewing Sap Sucking Galling r.ot Feeding

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The Influence of Avian Biodiver.ity and a Weedy Under.tor.y on Canopy Ar.hr.pod Assembly

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Open Jour.al of Ecology 2014年第16期4卷 1003-1013页

作者： Kathr.n Tear. Ada Lamber. nigel r. andrew Paul G. McDonald Centr. for.Behaviour.l and Physiological Ecology Zoology University of New England Armidale Australia

Identifying the factor.causing species decline fr.m a multitude of potential distur.ances is essential for.successful management. Invasive species ar. often dr.ver. of decline, either.thr.ugh dir.ct effects such as r.cr.itment limitation, or.thr.ugh indir.ct effects such as habitat modification that facilitate biota changes in other.taxa. In this study, we tested the impor.ance of bir. pr.dation on ar.hr.pods in eucalypt canopies in wet scler.phyll for.st that had been invaded by the under.tor.y weed Lantana camar.. A str.ng top-down effect is in agr.ement with studies that show elevated number. of insectivor.us bir.s, such as the despotic bell miner. Manor.na melanophr.s, r.duce damaging her.ivor.us insect number. and their.effect on tr.e health. Abundance, or.er.and family composition wer. compar.d among sites, feeding guilds, among the pr.sence and absence of a despotic bir., and among pr.sence and absence within sites, using a thr.e-way nested Multivar.ate Analysis of Var.ance (MANOVA), and tested our.r.pr.sentation of insect feeding guilds with r.r.faction cur.es. In total, we found ar.hr.pods fr.m 20 families on eucalypt tr.es, 16 wher. bell miner. wer. pr.sent and 18 wher. they wer. absent (a sampling efficiency of 78% and 92% of families based on the Chao-I index). Over.ll, ther. was a differ.nce in the abundance of insects in ar.as wher. bell miner. wer. pr.sent (n = 181), and wher. they wer. absent (n = 67). Ther. was also a differ.nce in the families pr.sent in ar.as with bell miner. and without them. Under.some conditions, despotic bir.s may not change the insect canopy community. Fur.her.studies should examine the effects of a despotic bir. on the insect canopy community in a var.ety of conditions and thr.ughout their.r.nge.

关键词： Despotic Bir.s Distur.ance Insects Canopy Tr.tr.phic r.lationships

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Etiology and management of ur.thr.l calculi:A systematic r.view of contempor.r. ser.es

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Asian Jour.al of Ur.logy 2024年第1期11卷 10-18页

作者： andrew Mor.on Ar.alan Tar.q nigel Dunglison r.chel Esler.Matthew J.r.ber.s Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Depar.ment of Ur.logy Ipswich HospitalQueenslandAustralia Depar.ment of Ur.logy Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalQueenslandAustralia The Univer.ity of Queensland Centr. for.Clinical r.sear.h HerstonAustralia

Objective:To conduct a systematic liter.tur. r.view on ur.thr.l calculi in a contempor.r. cohor. descr.bing etiology,investigation,and management ***:A systematic sear.h of MEDLINE and Cochr.ne Centr.l r.gister.of Contr.lled Tr.als(CENTr.L)databases was ***,including case r.por.s and case ser.es on ur.thr.l calculi published between Januar. 2000 and December.2019,wer. ***-text manuscr.pts wer. r.viewed for.clinical par.meter. including symptomatology,etiology,medical histor.,investigations,tr.atment,and *** wer. collated and analyzed with univar.ate ***:Seventy-four.publications met inclusion cr.ter.a,r.por.ing on 95 *** symptoms(41.1%),pain(40.0%),and acute ur.nar. r.tention(32.6%)wer. common pr.senting *** calculi wer. most often initially investigated using plain X-r.y(63.2%),with almost all r.dio-opaque(98.3%).Ur.thr.l calculi wer. fr.quently associated with coexistent bladder.or.upper.ur.nar. tr.ct calculi(16.8%)and under.ying ur.thr.l pathology(53.7%)including diver.iculum(33.7%)or.str.ctur.(13.7%).Ur.thr.l calculi wer. most commonly managed with exter.al ur.thr.lithotomy(31.6%),r.tr.gr.de manipulation(22.1%),and endoscopic in situ lithotr.psy(17.9%).Conclusion:This unique systematic r.view of ur.thr.l calculi pr.vided a summar. of clinical featur.s and tr.atment tr.nds with a suggested tr.atment *** in contempor.r. ur.logical pr.ctice should be accor.ing to calculus size,shape,anatomical location,and pr.sence of ur.thr.l pathology.

关键词： Ur.nar. calculi Ur.thr. Ur.thr.l calculi Management algor.thm

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Tr.ffle-like fungi spor.car.s in a eucalypt-dominated landscape: patter.s in diver.ity and community str.ctur.

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Fungal Diver.ity 2013年第1期58卷 143-157页

作者： Melissa Danks Ter.sa Lebel Kar. Ver.es nigel andrew Ecosystem Management University of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales 2351Australia National Her.ar.um of Victor.a Royal Botanic Gardens MelbourneSouth YarraVictoria 3141Australia Centr. for.Behaviour.l and Physiological Ecology ZoologyUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales 2351Australia

Tr.ffle-like fungi ar. highly diver.e yet poor.y known in *** assess the species r.chness,biomass,and community assemblages of tr.ffle-like fungi in differ.nt habitats we sampled spor.car.s of tr.ffle-like fungi in thr.e eucalypt-dominated for.st types(gr.ssy woodland,wet scler.phyll for.st,and dr. scler.phyll for.st)once in summer.and once in winter.at two sites(Mount Kaputar.and New England)in nor.her. New South Wales,*** hundr.d and eighteen species in 35 gener. wer. collected;over.half(51.7%)of the species wer. *** woodland and wet for.st communities had gr.ater.species r.chness and a lower.standing cr.p than dr. for.st *** r.chness and standing cr.p was gr.ater.in winter.than in ***,species fr.m the family r.ssulaceae,and the gener. Der.ocybe,Descomyces,and Hyster.ngium wer. *** composition var.ed among for.st types and each for.st type exhibited a suite of unique and common species,although much var.ation was *** in community str.ctur. was associated with some habitat attr.butes;at Mount Kaputar.woody plant species r.chness,canopy cover.litter.depth,soil phosphor.us,and elevation helped explain the spor.car. communities of differ.nt for.st types,while at New England,woody plant species r.chness,r.infall,topogr.phic aspect,soil textur.,and soil nitr.gen helped explain *** wor. contr.butes to knowledge of tr.fflelike fungal diver.ity,the factor. affecting spor.car. distr.bution acr.ss landscapes,and the availability of spor.car.s as a food r.sour.e for.mycophagous *** under.tanding of fungal diver.ity and mammal-fungal inter.ctions also has impor.ant implications for.managing for.st biodiver.ity.

关键词： Basidiomycetes Biodiver.ity For.st ecology Fungal diver.ity Mycor.hizal fungi Sequestr.te fungi

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Black soldier.fly lar.ae in br.iler.diets impr.ve br.iler.per.or.ance and modulate the immune system

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Animal Nutr.tion 2021年第3期7卷 695-706页

作者： Jessica de Souza Vilela Nicholas M.Andr.nicos Manisha Kolakshyapati Matthew Hilliar.Ter.nce Z.Sibanda nigel r.andrew r.ber. A.Swick Stuar. Wilkinson Isabelle r.hnke School of Envir.nmental and r.r.l Science Faculty of ScienceAgricultureBusiness and LawUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia School of Science and Technology University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia Insect Ecology Lab Natural History MuseumZoologyUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia Feedwor.s Pty Ltd. RomseyVICAustralia

Non-conventional feed ingr.dients ar. r.ceiving mor. inter.st in their.ability to incr.ase far.ing effi-ciency,sustainability and animal *** objective of this study was to deter.ine the optimal r.te of inclusion level of the full-fat black soldier.fly lar.ae(BSFL)in br.iler.diets and to evaluate their.impact on per.or.ance,nutr.ent digestibility,and the immune system(blood cells and intr.epithelial lymphocytes).A total of 400 male day-old r.ss 308 br.iler. wer. r.ndomly assigned to 5 tr.atment gr.ups with 8 r.plicates *** inclusion levels of full-fat BSFL wer. investigated acr.ss star.er.0,2.5%,5%,7.5%and 10%),gr.wer.and finisher.diets(0,5%,10%,15%and 20%).All diets wer. for.ulated based on digestible amino acid values accor.ing to the Aviagen(2016)r.commendations.A polynomial r.gr.ssion at differ.nt degr.es was per.or.ed to analyse br.iler.per.or.ance par.meter.(body weight,body weight gain,feed intake,and feed conver.ion r.tio),nutr.ent digestibility,and blood cell *** lymphocyte population data was analysed per.or.ing univar.ate linear.*** the entir. exper.mental per.od(fr.m 2 to 42 d),BSFL inclusion levels decr.ased the feed conver.ion r.tio by 10%in br.iler. that r.ceived 20%BSFL in their.diets(Pr.ased linear.y by 47.7%and 35.9%,r.spectively,with up to 20%BSFL inclusion(Pr.ase in CD3+T lymphocytes and a 9.7-fold decr.ase of CD3+CD8+intestinal cytotoxic T lymphocytes occur.ed in br.iler. fed 20%BSFL compar.d to the contr.l *** findings suggest that the inclusion of BSFL can impr.ve br.iler.per.or.ance and potentially r.duce immune r.sponse ener.y expenditur. in bir.s fed 20%BSFL for.42 d.

关键词： Antimicr.bial peptides Chitin Feed insects Poultr. Pr.tein

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An electr.-hydr.static actuator.for.hybr.d active-passive vibr.tion isolation

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Hydr.mechatr.nics 2018年第1期1卷 47-71页

作者： Jean-Paul Hender.on andrew Plummer.nigel Johnston Centr. for.Power.Tr.nsmission and Motion Contr.l Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath UK

A novel electr.-hydr.static actuator.（EHA） for.active vibr.tion isolation has been designed, modelled and tested. The EHA consists of a br.shless DC motor.r.nning in oil and integr.ted with a bidir.ctional gear.pump, dr.ving a hydr.ulic cylinder. The actuator.is designed to be integr.ted into a flexible str.t connecting a helicopter.r.tor.hub and fuselage, to pr.vide isolation at the dominant r.tor.vibr.tion fr.quency of ar.und 20 Hz. The r.sonant fr.quency of the EHA is tuned to pr.vide some passive vibr.tion isolation. Active contr.l incr.ases the isolation per.or.ance by compensating for.damping losses, and pr.vides isolation over.a br.ader.r.nge of fr.quencies. Tests on a pr.totype demonstr.ted a four.fold r.duction of the r.ot-mean-squar. tr.nsmitted for.e and a near.elimination at the fundamental fr.quency. The advantages of the r.sonant EHA ar. a wider.r.nge of oper.ting fr.quencies than a pur.ly passive system, and lower.power.consumption than a pur.ly active system.

关键词： electr.-hydr.static actuator EHA tuned mass damper r.tor.r.ft vibr.tion isolation iner.er hydr.mechatr.nics ser.ohydr.ulics ser.opump vibr.tion contr.l.

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Pleomor.hic lobular.car.inoma in situ of the br.ast: Can the evidence guide pr.ctice?

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Wor.d Jour.al of Clinical Oncology 2014年第3期5卷 546-553页

作者： andrew Pier. James Har.ey nigel Bundr.d Wansbeck Gener.l Hospital NorthumbriaNE63 9JJUnited Kingdom Nightingale Centr. University Hospital of South ManchesterWythenshawe HospitalManchesterM23 9LTUnited Kingdom

The clinical significance of pleomor.hic lobular.car.inoma in situ(PLCIS) is a subject of contr.ver.y. As a consequence, ther. is a r.sk of pr.viding inconsistent management to patients pr.senting with PLCIS. This r.view aims to establish whether.the cur.ent guidelines for.the management of PLCIS ar. consistent with cur.ent evidence. A systematic electr.nic sear.h was per.or.ed to identify all English language ar.icles r.gar.ing PLCIS management. The data was analysed, specifically looking at: incidence of concur.ent disease, r.cur.ence r.tes, long-ter. pr.gnosis and PLCIS management. A sear.h was also per.or.ed for.PLCIS management guidelines for.the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Austr.lia, Ger.any and pan-Eur.pean. The r.sults of the evidence analyses wer. compar.d to the guidelines in or.er.to establish whether.the r.commended management is consistent with the published evidence. Nine studies(level 3-4 evidence), involving a total of 176 patients and five management guidelines(fr.m United Kingdom, United States, Austr.lia and pan-Eur.pean) wer. included in the r.view. Fr.m the evidence, 46 of 93(49%) patients wer. found to have PLCIS with concur.ent invasive disease on excision specimen analysis. r.gar.ing r.cur.ence r.tes, 11 of 117(9.4%) patients developed a r.cur.ence of PLCIS. Ther. wer. no instances of invasive disease or.ductal car.inoma in situ(DCIS) on r.cur.ence histology. Ther. wer. no studies assessing long-ter. outcomes in PLCIS cases. With r.gar.s to the management guidelines, the Association of Br.ast Sur.er.(United Kingdom) and the National Br.ast and Ovar.an Cancer.Car.(Austr.lia) do not mention PLCIS. The National Compr.hensive Cancer.Networ.(United States) suggest consider.ng excision of PLCIS with negative mar.ins. The NHS Br.ast Scr.ening Pr.gr.mme(United Kingdom) and the Eur.pean Society of Medical Oncology(pan-Eur.pean) r.commend PLCIS should be tr.ated as with DCIS. We conclude that high quality evidence to infor. guidance is lacki

关键词： Pleomor.hic lobular car.inoma in situ Br.ast cancer Br.ast car.inoma Car.inoma in situ Guideline Excision mar.in r.cur.ence r.te

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A solution scan of societal options to r.duce tr.nsmission and spr.ad of r.spir.tor. vir.ses:SAr.-CoV-2 as a case study

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Jour.al of Biosafety and Biosecur.ty 2021年第2期3卷 84-90页

作者： William J.Suther.and nigel G.Taylor.David C.Aldr.dge Philip Mar.in Cather.ne r.odes Gor. Shackelfor. Simon Bear. Haydn Belfield andrew J.Bladon Camer.n Br.ck Alec P.Chr.stie andrew P.Dobson Har.iet Downey Amelia S.C.Hood Fangyuan Hua Alice C.Hughes r.becca M.Jar.is Douglas MacFar.ane William H.Mor.an Anne-Chr.stineMupepele Stefan J.Mar.iniak Cassidy Nelson SeánÓhÉigear.aigh Clar.ssa r.os r.jas Kather.ne A.Sainsbur. r.becca K.Smith Lalitha S.Sundar.m Ann Thor.ton John Watkins Thomas B.White Kate Willott Silviu O.Petr.van Bior.SC(Biosecur.ty r.sear.h Initiative at St Cathar.ne’s) St Catharine’s CollegeCambridge CB21RLUK Depar.ment of Zoology University of CambridgeThe David Attenborough BuildingPembroke StreetCambridge CB23QZUK Tour.du Valat Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands13200 ArlesFrance Centr. for.the Study of Existential r.sk University of CambridgeCB21SBUK Depar.ment of Social Psychology University of AmsterdamNieuwe Achtergracht 129 B1018 WT AmsterdamNetherlands Depar.ment of Ecology and Evolutionar. Biology 117 Eno HallPrinceton UniversityNJ 08544USA Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871PR China Centr. for.Integr.tive Conser.ation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbannaYunnan 666303PR China Te Kur. Putaiao-School of Science Auckland University of TechnologyAucklandNew Zealand School of Psychological Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerth35 Stirling HwyCrawley WA 6009Australia Natur. Conser.ation and Landscape Ecology Biometry and Environmental System AnalysisUniversity of FreiburgGermany Cambr.dge Institute for.Medical r.sear.h University of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusThe Keith Peters BuildingHills RoadCambridge CB20XYUK Futur. of Humanity Institute University of OxfordOxford OX11PTUK Faculty of Kinesiology Sportand RecreationUniversity of Alberta2-130V Van Vliet 21 Complex(University Hall)EdmontonAlberta T6G 2H9Canada Division of Population Medicine School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144YSUK

Societal biosecur.ty–measur.s built into ever.day society to minimize r.sks fr.m pests and diseases–is an impor.ant aspect of managing epidemics and *** aimed to identify societal options for.r.ducing the tr.nsmission and spr.ad of r.spir.tor. *** used SAr.-CoV-2(sever. acute r.spir.tor. syndr.me cor.navir.s 2)as a case study to meet the immediate need to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and eventually tr.nsition to mor. nor.al societal conditions,and to catalog options for.managing similar.pandemics in the *** used a‘solution scanning’*** r.ad the liter.tur.;consulted psychology,public health,medical,and solution scanning exper.s;cr.wd-sour.ed options using social media;and collated comments on a ***,we pr.sent a list of 519 possible measur.s to r.duce SAr.-CoV-2 tr.nsmission and *** pr.vide a long list of options for.policymaker. and businesses to consider.when designing biosecur.ty plans to combat SAr.-CoV-2 and similar.pathogens in the *** also developed an online application to help with this *** encour.ge testing of actions,documentation of outcomes,r.visions to the cur.ent list,and the addition of fur.her.options.

关键词： Biosecur.ty Cor.navir.s COVID-19 Disease contr.l New nor.al Public health

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后碳时代城市的整体化营造

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中国园林 2010年第8期26卷 1-7页

作者：亚力克.大卫.库奇曼汉娜.瑞白卡.鄂克奈杰尔.安德鲁.卡特迈尔吉文丽修娜杨思琪奥克兰大学新西兰奥克兰市沃伦以及马哈尼建筑师事务所西北农林科技大学林学院园林系

"可持续性"仅仅作为一个概念是没用的,仅指望通过降低人对地球环境的冲击程度来实现"可持续性"策略也太简单。当每个生态系统都在遭受重创,而人口却仍在不断膨胀的时候,单纯减少人类影响的做法,只不过是一种表面文章。然而,"可持续"要... 详细信息

"可持续性"仅仅作为一个概念是没用的,仅指望通过降低人对地球环境的冲击程度来实现"可持续性"策略也太简单。当每个生态系统都在遭受重创,而人口却仍在不断膨胀的时候,单纯减少人类影响的做法,只不过是一种表面文章。然而,"可持续"要求我们花时间来重新设计我们的后碳城市,让城市给人以正面和重生的印象。设想城市在可见的将来仍是人类主要的聚居形式,我们必须以更宽广的生态思维重新思考规划的角色。传统的城市与景观无关,除非把景观看作城市形态之外的一个可控的附加体。在城市向后碳时代发展时,城市只有寻求整体化和重生,才可能存活下去。在过去的300年中,诸如花园城市之类的景观运动或城市设计运动对可持续的城市化发展并没有起到多大作用。现代城市是如此辽阔,以至于它严重地影响了生态环境,然而,城市形态对自然环境及人类世界的持续影响才刚刚被注意到。在城市和经济方面必须激励开发商和市民,让他们明白,一座积极和再生的建筑/设施将不仅仅是经济回报,还可以成为一个自然生态系统不可分割的一部分。

关键词：风景园林可持续后碳城市

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A histor. of high-power.laser.r.sear.h and development in the United Kingdom

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High Power.Laser.Science and Engineer.ng 2021年第2期9卷 41-126页

作者： Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John r.M.Bar. Thomas Bett Peter.Blyth David Bowley Cer. Br.nner.r.ber. J.Collins Neal Cr.xfor. A.E.Bucker.Dangor.Laur.nce Dever.ux Peter.E.Dyer.Anthony Dymoke-Br.dshaw Chr.stopher.B.Edwar.s Paul Ewar. Allister.I.Fer.uson John M.Gir.in Denis r.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Har.is David I.Hillier.Chr.stopher.J.Hooker.Simon M.Hooker.Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jar.szynski Mar. Kempenaar. Helmut Kessler.Sir.Peter.L.Knight Steve Knight Adr.an Knowles Ciar.n L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter.Maggs Gr.eme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuar. P.D.Mangles William Mar.in Paul McKenna r.char. O.Moor. Clive Mor.ison Zulfikar.Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Nor.an Ted Paine Anthony W.Par.er.r.r. r.Penman Geoff J.Per. Chr.s Pietr.szewski andrew r.ndewich Nadeem H.r.zvi nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater.r.land A.Smith Chr.stopher.Spindloe r.y Taylor.Gar. Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.War. Colin Webb S.Mar. Wiggins Dave Willfor. Tr.vor.Winstone AWE Alder.aston ReadingUK Oxfor. Centr. for.High Ener.y Density Science Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centr. for.Inter.ial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK For.er.y of Electr.x LetchworthUK For.er.y of Centr.l Laser.Facility Rutherford LaboratoryDidcotUK For.er.y of Fer.anti Defence Systems LincolnUK Leonar.o EdinburghUK r.tir.d AWEReadingUK For.er.y of AWE ReadingUK For.er.y of Laser.Lines Ltd BanburyUK For.er.y of Optilas Ltd Milton KeynesUK r.tir.d Pro-Lite TechnologyCranfieldUK Specialised Imaging Ltd PitstoneUK Centr.l Laser.Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Magna-Power.Electr.nics Ltd ReadingUK DeBe Laser. Needham Laser TechnologiesWhitchurchUK Blackett Labor.tor. Imperial College LondonLondonUK SPIE Eur.pe CardiffUK Pr.fessor.Emer.tus(Physics) University of HullKingston upon HullUK Kentech Instr.ments Ltd WallingfordUK Depar.ment of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Pr.fessor.Emer.tus Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Depar.ment of Physics Durham UniversityDurhamUK Pr.fessor.Emer.tus(Photonics) Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Pr.fessor.Emer.tus University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Optical Sur.aces Ltd KenleyUK JEH Laser. Ltd RugbyUK Scottish Univer.ities Physics Alliance Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK ITEr.Or.anization Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Manx Pr.cision Optics Ltd BallasallaUK Laser.Lines Ltd BanburyUK Elliot Scientific Ltd MetroTest Scientific GroupHarpendenUK Centr. for.Plasma Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK r.tir.d Founderand former MDRofin-Sinar UK LtdHullUK Her.eus Noblelight Ltd CambridgeUK Mir.i Books ChelmsfordUK M Squar.d Laser. Ltd GlasgowUK Univer.ity of Her.for.shir. HatfieldUK E&EO UK Ltd Barton-upon-HumberUK Depar.ment of Physics University of YorkYorkUK IC Optical Systems Ltd BeckenhamUK Laser.Micr.machining Ltd St AsaphUK MBDA UK Ltd Brist

The fir.t demonstr.tion of laser.action in r.by was made in 1960 by *** of Hughes r.sear.h Labor.tor.es,*** labor.tor.es wor.dwide began the sear.h for.laser. using differ.nt mater.als,oper.ting at differ.nt *** the UK,academia,industr. and the centr.l labor.tor.es took up the challenge fr.m the ear.iest days to develop these systems for.a br.ad r.nge of *** histor.cal r.view looks at the contr.bution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their.exploitation over.the last 60 year..

关键词： high-power.laser. histor. United Kingdom

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