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Participatory Mapping and Visualization of Local Knowledge:An Example from Eberbach, Germany

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第1期12卷 56-71页

作者： Carolin Klonner Tomás J.Usón nicole Aeschbach Bernhard Höfle Institute of Geography Heidelberg University69120 HeidelbergGermany Institute of European Ethnology and IRI THESys(Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems) Humboldt University of Berlin10117 BerlinGermany

A rise in the number of flood-affected people and areas has increased the interest in new methods and concepts that account for this *** are integrated into disaster risk reduction processes through participatory approaches and can provide valuable up-to-date local *** a field study in Eberbach(Baden–Wuerttemberg,Germany)sketch maps and questionnaires were used to capture local knowledge about *** on a previous study on urban flooding in Santiago de Chile,the tools were adapted and applied to river flooding in the city of Eberbach,which is regularly flooded by the Neckar River,a major river in southwest *** empirical database of the study comprises 40 participants in the study area and 40 in a control *** of the participants in each group are residents and half are *** sampling was used,and the questionnaires aimed to gather demographic information and explore what factors,such as property,influence the risk perception of the study *** results show that residents identify a larger spatial area as at risk than pedestrians,and owning property leads to higher risk *** flood type influenced the choice of the base maps for the sketch *** river flooding,one map with an overview of the area was sufficient,while for urban flooding a second map with more details of the area also enables the marking of small *** information gathered can complement authoritative data such as from flood *** participatory approach also increases the communication and trust between local governments,researchers,and citizens.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Flooding Local knowledge Participatory approach Sketch maps Volunteered geographic information

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A Qualitative Study on the Challenges Faced in Family-School-Community Partnership for A More Successful Education System in Suva,Fiji.

A Qualitative Study on the Challenges Faced in Family-School...

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作者： Shaniah nicole Sauca Olssson 浙江师范大学

学位级别：硕士

Despite current laws in place,Fiji is facing a major concern where many children are found not utilizing the government grant for free education and complying with current laws on compulsory ***,these children have been identified in urban and semi-urban *** study looks at Epstein’s six types of involvement and how it is being implemented in an urban school in *** study explores the difficulties faced in creating good family-school-community partnerships and what can be done to overcome these issues to build long lasting relationships between various stakeholders namely heads of school,teachers,parents,members of the community such as volunteers from organizations linked to the school,and *** two research questions guiding this qualitative study were 1.)What are some challenges building successful family-community-school partnership? and 2.)How can the challenges schools face with involving family members and community be overcome?Based on the interviews conducted with the various stakeholders,it was found that the main challenges faced in building successful FSC partnership had to do with the need to understand the different roles various stakeholders *** to lack of understanding and misunderstanding,divisions can be caused within the school *** study also identifies current methods used in the school to build and maintain their FSC partnerships and further suggestions were given based on other research papers on how to better the partnership.

关键词：家庭-学校-社区伙伴关系教育系统

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Improving antibiotic prescribing in the emergency department for uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第4期11卷 199-205页

作者： Rebekah Shaw Erica Popovsky Alyssa Abo Marni Jacobs nicole Herrera James Chamberlain AndreaHahn Division of Pediatrics Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Division of Emergency Medicine Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Department of Pediatrics George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDCUSA Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Division of Infectious Diseases Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA

BACKGROUND:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Society(PIDS)and Infectious Disease Society of America(IDSA)published an evidence-based guideline for the treatment of uncomplicated communityacquired pneumonia(CAP)in children,recommending aminopenicillins as the first-line *** guideline compliance with 10%–50%of patients admitted to the hospital receiving narrow-spectrum antibiotics has been reported.A new clinical practice guideline(CPG)was implemented in our emergency department(ED)for uncomplicated *** aim of this study was to examine baseline knowledge and ED provider prescribing patterns pre-and post-CPG ***:Prior to CPG-implementation,an anonymous case-based survey was distributed to evaluate knowledge of the current PIDS/IDSA guideline.A retrospective chart review of patients treated in the ED for CAP from January 2015 to February 2017 was performed to assess prescribing patterns for intravenous(IV)antibiotics in the ED at Children’s National Health System pre-and post-CPG ***:ED providers were aware of the PIDS/IDSA guideline recommendations,with 86.4%of survey responders selecting ampicillin as the initial antibiotic of ***,only 41.2%of patients admitted to the hospital with uncomplicated CAP pre-CPG received ampicillin(P<0.01).There was no statistically signifi cant increase in ampicillin prescribing post-CPG(P=0.40).CONCLUSIONS:Providers in the ED are aware of the PIDS/IDSA guideline regarding the first-line therapy for uncomplicated CAP;however,this knowledge does not translate into clinical *** of a CPG in isolation did not significantly change prescribing patterns for uncomplicated CAP.

关键词： Antibiotics Community-acquired pneumonia Emergency department Pediatrics

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Benefits of jejunostomy feeding in patients who underwent gastrectomy for cancer treatment

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2461-2473页

作者： Romain Jaquet Emmanuel Rivkine nicole De Souza Jean Roudié Department of Digestive and Visceral Surgery Nord Essonne Hospital Group-Longjumeau SiteLongjumeau 91160France Department of General and Digestive Surgery Pierre Zobda-Quitman HospitalUniversity Hospital CenterMartiniqueFranceFort de France 97261Martinique

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is associated with significant undernutrition responsible for an increase in morbidity and mortality after *** To evaluate the impact of enteral nutrition by jejunostomy feeding in patients undergoing gastrectomy for *** Between 2003 and 2017,all patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer treatment were included retrospectively.A group with jejunostomy(J+group)and a group without jejunostomy(J-group)were *** Of the 172 patients included,60 received ***,the two groups were comparable with respect to the nutritional parameters studied(body mass index,albumin,etc.).In the postoperative period,the J+group lost less weight and albumin:5.74±8.4 vs 9.86±7.5 kg(P=0.07)and 7.2±5.6 vs 14.7±12.7 g/L(P=0.16),*** morbidity was 25%in the J+group and 36.6%in the J-group(P=0.12).The J+group had fewer respiratory,infectious,and grade 3 complications:0%vs 5.4%(P=0.09),1.2%vs 9.3%(P=0.03),and 0%vs 4.7%(P=0.05),*** 30-day mortality was 6.7%in the J+group and 6.3%in the J-group(P=0.91).CONCLUSION Jejunostomy feeding after gastrectomy improves nutritional characteristics and decreases postoperative morbidity.A prospective study could confirm our results.

关键词： Feeding jejunostomy Gastric cancer Undernutrition Morbimortality Survival

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Welfare and Market Impacts of Food Safety Measures in China: Results from Urban Consumers' Valuation of Product Attributes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1404-1411页

作者： David L. Ortega H. Holly Wang nicole J. Olynk Widmar Department of Agricultural Foodand Resource EconomicsMichigan State University Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University

This study provides an economics assessment of various food safety measures in China. A choice experiment approach is used to elicit Chinese consumer preferences for various food safety attributes using data from a 2008 urban consumer survey. An alternative welfare calculation is used to model aggregate market impacts of select food safety measures. Our results show that the largest welfare gains are found in the current government-run certiifcation program. The implementation of a third-party certiifcation system, a traceability network and a product label would generate signiifcant value and would help reduce current system inefifciencies in China. This study builds on previous research and provides an alternative approach for calculating consumer valuation of safety and quality attributes that can be used to estimate aggregate economic and welfare impacts.

关键词： food safety consumer welfare food policy China

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Activation reduction following an eccentric contraction impairs torque steadiness in the isometric steady-state

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第3期7卷 310-317页

作者： nicole Mazara Adam J.Hess Jackey Chen Geoffrey A.Power Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph

Background:The isometric steady-state following active lengthening is associated with greater torque production and lower activation,as measured by electromyographic activity(EMG),in comparison with a purely isometric contraction(ISO)at the same joint *** phenomenon is termed residual force enhancement(RFE).While there has been a great deal of research investigating the basic mechanisms of RFE,little work has been performed to understand the everyday relevance of *** purpose of this study was to investigate whether neuromuscular control strategies differ between ISO and RFE by measuring torque steadiness of the human ankle plantar ***:Following ISO maximal voluntary contractions in 12 males(25±4 years),an active lengthening contraction was performed at 15°/s over a 30°ankle excursion,ending at the same joint angle as ISO(5°dorsiflexion;RFE).Surface EMG of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles was recorded during all *** steadiness was determined as the standard deviation(SD)and coefficient of variation(CV)of the torque trace in the ISO and RFE condition during activation-matching(20%and 60%integrated EMG)and torque-matching(20%and 60%maximal voluntary contraction)***-tailed,paired t tests were used,within subjects,to determine the presence of RFE/activation reduction(AR)and whether there was a difference in torque steadiness between ISO and RFE ***:During the maximal and submaximal conditions,there was 5%-9%RFE with a 9%-11%AR(p0.05).There were no differences in SD and CV of the torque trace for the 20%and60%activation-matching or the 60%and maximal torque-matching trials in either the RFE or ISO condition(p>0.05).During the 20%torquematching trial,there were～37%higher values for SD and CV in the RFE as compared with the ISO condition(p<0.05).A significant moderate-to-strong negative relationship was identified between

关键词： Eccentric Force steadiness History dependence Residual force enhancement Tremor

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In This Issue

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General Psychiatry 2019年第6期32卷 293-294页

作者： nicole J LeBlanc Luana Marques Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

Despite ongoing research on the aetiology,phenomenology and treatment of anxiety disorders,these conditions continue to afflict myriads of individuals *** estimated 11.6%of the global population meets criteria for an anxiety disorder each year,1 and individuals with anxiety disorders experience both functional impairment2 and increased risk for physical health problems.3 In addition to the personal suffering associated with anxiety disorders,these conditions lead to considerable costs for society,including medical expenditures and lost work productivity.4 Moreover,although efficacious interventions for anxiety disorders are available,many individuals do not respond to these treatments5 or struggle to access evidence-based care.6 Thus,much work remains to be done to reduce the global burden of anxiety disorders.

关键词： impairment treatment etiology

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Are school uniforms associated with gender inequalities in physical activity? A pooled analysis of population-level data from 135 countries/regions

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 590-598页

作者： Mairead Ryan Luiza I.C.Ricardo nicole Nathan Riikka Hofmann Esther van Sluijs Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit University of CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUK Faculty of Education University of CambridgeCambridge CB28PQUK Hunter New England Population Health WallsendNSW 2287Australia School of Medicine and Public Health College of HealthMedicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia National Centre of Implementation Science University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

Purpose:It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with population-level gender inequalities in physical activity,and whether associations differ by school level,country/region income,and assessment ***:An ecological study design was *** collected data about global uniform practices using an online *** searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting physical activity guidelines from international surveillance *** selection was conducted in duplicate using a systematic process,and a random sample of all data was checked to ensure extraction and pooling processes were *** calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in physical activity for each *** regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform practices(binary yes/no exposure variable) and country/region-level gender inequalities in physical activity guideline compliance(absolute and relative inequalities).We investigated moderation by school level,stratified analyses by income group,and repeated primary analyses using device-measured ***:Pooling data from 135 countries/regions(n=1,089,852),we found no association between population-level uniform practices and gender inequalities in physical activity across all ages(absolute:β=-0.2;95% confidence interval(95%CI):-1.7 to 1.3,p=0.74;relative:β=0.1;95%CI:-0.1 to 0.2,p=0.51).Subgroup analysis suggested a positive association in primary school settings(absolute:β=4.3;95%CI:-0.0 to 8.6,p=0.05).Among high-income countries,absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform practices(N=37) compared to those without(N=48)(9.1(SD=3.6) vs.7.8 percentage points(SD=4.3)).Repeating analyses using device-measured data(n=32,130;N=24) did not alter our primary *** initial descriptive statistics,we found that in countries/regions where a maj ority of schools(>50%) reportedly use uniforms,there was lower compli

关键词： School policy Clothing Child Adolescent Accelerometer

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Heterozygous carriers of galactocerebrosidase mutations that cause Krabbe disease have impaired microglial function and defective repair of myelin damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 393-401页

作者： nicole J.Scott-Hewitt Christopher J.Folts Mark D.Noble Department of Biomedical Genetics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

This review addresses two puzzling findings related to mutations in galactocerebrosidase （GALC） that cause Krabbe disease （KD）, a severe lysosomal storage disorder characterized by extensive myelin damage in children with mutations in both GALC alleles. First, heterozygous carriers of KD-causing mutations, which include the biological parents of children with KD, exhibit increased risk for developing other diseases. Second, variants in the GALC locus increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis （MS）, another disease characterized by extensive myelin damage. What explains these correlations？ In studies on cuprizone-induced myelin damage in heterozygous （GALC＋/–） mice carrying one copy of a mutation that causes KD-like disease, the extent of damage was similar in GALC＋/– and wild-type （WT） mice. In contrast, GALC＋/- mice had striking defects in repair of cuprizone-induced damage. We further found unexpected microglial defects in myelin debris clearance and in the ability to up-regulate the Trem2 microglial protein critical for debris uptake. These defects were rescued by exposure to a lysosomal re-acidifying drug discovered in our studies on KD, and which provides multiple clinically relevant benefits in the twitcher （GALC＋/–） mouse model of KD. Thus, heterozygous GALC mutations cause effects on biological function that may help to understand the increased disease risk in heterozygous carriers of such mutations and to understand why GALC variations increase the risk of MS. Our findings indicate that while some genetic risk factors may contribute to complex diseases by increasing the risk of tissue damage, others may do so by compromising tissue repair.

关键词： vulnerability locus multiple sclerosis Krabbe disease galactocerebrosidase microglia myelin repair lysosomal storage disorders heterozygous carriers Trem2 demyelination

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Neuromodulation for tinnitus treatment:an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2019年第2期20卷 116-130页

作者： nicole PETER Tobias KLEINJUNG Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zürich

Tinnitus is defined as a perception of sound without any external sound *** tinnitus is a frequent condition that can affect the quality of *** far,no causal cure for tinnitus has been documented,and most pharmacologic and psychosomatic treatment modalities aim to diminish tinnitus’impact on the quality of ***,a novel therapeutic modality,which aims at alternating nerve activity through a targeted delivery of a stimulus,has emerged as a potential option in tinnitus *** review provides a brief overview of the current neuromodulation techniques as tinnitus treatment *** main intention is to provide updated knowledge especially for medical professionals counselling tinnitus patients in this emerging field of ***-invasive methods such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation were included,as well as invasive methods such as implanted vagus nerve stimulation and invasive brain *** of these neuromodulation techniques revealed promising results;nevertheless,further research is needed,especially regarding the pathophysiological principle as to how these neuromodulation techniques work and what neuronal change they *** studies suggest that individually different brain states and networks are involved in the generation and perception of ***,in the future,individually tailored neuromodulation strategies could be a promising approach in tinnitus treatment for achieving a more substantial and longer lasting improvement of complaints.

关键词： Tinnitus Neuromodulation Invasive technique Non-invasive technique

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