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A FIELD STUDY SETUP OF FOUR HOMES HAVING NON-VENTILATED AND SEMI-CONDITIONED SEALED ATTICS

Journal of Green Building 2016年第3期11卷 1-20页

作者： William A.Miller Philip Boudreaux Simon Pallin Kaushik Biswas Tony Gehl Jerry Atchley nicklas karlsson Dominic Bednar Roderick Jackson David O.Prevatt Anshul Shah Aravind Viswanathan Mitali Talele Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL) Building Technology Research Integration Center(BTRIC) University of Florida

The University of Florida(UF)and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL)are evaluating the hygrothermal(heat and moisture flow)performance and durability of sealed attic construction where open cell spray polyurethane foam(ocSPF)insulation is applied directly to the underside of the roof *** the 2015-2016 fiscal year and with financial support from the Florida Building Commission(FBC)and the Florida Roofing and Sheet Metal Contractors Association(FRSA),UF and the ORNL Building Technology Research Integration Center(BTRIC)completed Phase I of a study that setup four residential home demonstrations in Florida climate zones CZ-1A and *** measurements for the homes are listed in Table *** four homes are instrumented for measuring temperature and relative humidity of the indoor living space,the outdoor air and the attic *** addition,the temperature,relative humidity and moisture content of the roof sheathing are being monitored and recorded by remotely-accessible data acquisition *** leakage tests on the whole house,on the sealed attic and in the HVAC ducts were conducted on all four homes,Table *** and infrared images were captured to document the thermal performance of the sealed *** tests commenced on June 1,*** acquisition will continue for one full year to document heat and moisture flows,which,in turn will be used in a second phase of work to benchmark an analytical tool kit for predicting the heat and moisture flows in Florida’s hot and humid *** second phase of work is pending approval by the FBC.

关键词： attic ventilation polyurethane foam insulation moisture durability

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Absorption of light in InP nanowire arrays

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Nano Research 2014年第6期7卷 816-823页

作者： nicklas Anttu Alireza Abrand Damir Asoli Magnus Heurlin Ingvar Aberg Lars Samuelson Magnus Borgstrom Division of Solid State Physics and the Nanometer Structure Consortium at Lund University (nmC@LU) Lund University Box 118 Lund 22100 Sweden Sol Voltaics AB Ideon Science Park Scheelevagen 17 Lund 22370 Sweden

An understanding of the absorption of light is essential for efficient photovoltaic and photodetection applications with III-V nanowire arrays. Here, we correlate experiments with modeling and verify experimentally the predicted absorption of light in InP nanowire arrays for varying nanowire diameter and length. We find that 2,000 nm long nanowires in a pitch of 400 nm can absorb 94% of the incident light with energy above the band gap and, as a consequence, light which in a simple ray-optics description would be travelling between the nanowires can be efficiently absorbed by the nanowires. Our measurements demonstrate that the absorption for long nanowires is limited by insertion reflection losses when light is coupled from the air top-region into the array. These reflection losses can be reduced by introducing a smaller diameter to the nanowire-part closest to the air top-region. For nanowire arrays with such a nanowire morphology modulation, we find that the absorptance increases monotonously with increasing diameter of the rest of the nanowire.

关键词： indium phosphide semiconductor nanowire absorption of light

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The Rise of Private Tutoring in Denmark:An Entrepreneur's Perspectives and Experiences

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ECNU Review of Education 2021年第3期4卷 630-639页

作者： nicklas Kany MentorDanmark

This article sheds light on the emergence of private tutoring in *** from the perspective of a tutoring entrepreneur,it discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by a fledgling tutoring company in present-day Danish *** article is a personal narrative of the author's experience with establishing the first major Danish tutoring *** enthusiastic response by parents to the services offered by the author's company shows that there has long existed a hitherto unmet need for private tutoring in ***,the author also argues that the political turmoil surrounding the 2013 Danish school reform made parents increasingly sceptical that mainstream schools could effectively address the needs of their *** thereby prepared the ground for launching a private tutoring *** is only in the last decade that private tutoring has emerged in *** article provides a unique insider's perspective on this largely unexplored development.

关键词： COVID-19 crisis Denmark MentorDanmark mentoring private tutoring

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering on dual-layer metallic gratingstructures

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第24期55卷 2643-2648页

作者： GUAN ZhiQiang HAKANSON Ulf ANTTU nicklas WEI Hong XU HongQi MONTELIUS Lars XU HongXing Nanoscale Physics and Devices Laboratory Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Division of Solid State Physics/The Nanometer Structure Consortium Lund University Lund S-221 00 Sweden

Dual-layer Metallic grating(DMG)structures as surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrates are studied using benzenethiol as the probe *** DMG structure consists of a SiO2 grating and 100-nm-thick gold coating *** enhancement factor of 105 is achieved by optimizing the SiO 2 grating height within the range from 165 to 550 *** enhancement factor dependence on the SiO2 grating height is due to the surface plasmon excitation,which is dependent on the polarization of the incident light,and confirmed by finite difference time domain *** study demonstrates the advantages of high uniformity,reproducibility and sensitivity in the DMG structures for SERS applications.

关键词：表面增强拉曼散射光栅结构双层金属表面增强拉曼光谱二氧化硅表面等离子体有限差分模拟增强因子

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Selecting and applying quantification models for ecosystem services to forest ecosystems in South Korea

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第6期27卷 1373-1384页

作者： Hyun-Ah Choi Woo-Kyun Lee Cholho Song nicklas Forsell Seongwoo Jeon Joon Soon Kim So Ra Kim Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea Ecosystems Services and Management Program International Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisSchlossplatz 1 2361 Laxenburg Austria Department of Forest Management Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea Korea Forest Conservation Association 186 Dongjak-daeroSeocho-gu Seoul 06559 Republic of Korea

There is growing interest in using ecosystem services to aid development of management strategies that target sustainability and enhance ecosystem support to humans. Challenges remain in the search for methods and indicators that can quantify ecosystem services using metrics that are meaningful in light of their high priorities. We developed a framework to link ecosystems to human wellbeing based on a stepwise approach. We evaluated prospective models in terms of their capacity to quantify national ecosystem services of forests. The most applicable models were subsequently used to quantify ecosystem services. The Korea Forest Research Institute model sat- isfied all criteria in its first practical use. A total of 12 key ecosystem services were identified. For our case study, we quantified four ecosystem functions, viz. water storage capacity in forest soil for water storage service, reduced suspended sediment for water purification service, reduced soil erosion for landslide prevention service, and reduced sediment yield for sediment regulation service. Water storage capacity in forest soil was estimated at 2142 t/ha, and reduced suspended sediment was estimated at 608 kg/ ha. Reduced soil erosion was estimated at 77 m^3/ha, and reduced sediment yield was estimated at 285 m^3/ha. These results were similar to those reported by previous studies. Mapped results revealed hotspots of ecosystem services around protected areas that were particularly rich in bio- diversity. In addition, the proposed framework illustrated that quantification of ecosystem services could be sup- ported by the spatial flow of ecosystem services. However, our approach did not address challenges faced when quantifying connections between ecosystem indicators and actual benefits of services described.

关键词： Classification Ecosystem services Quantification Stepwise approach

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Absorption through a coupled optical resonance in a horizontal InP nanowire array

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Photonics Research 2015年第4期3卷 125-128页

作者： Ali Hosseinnia nicklas Anttu Division of Solid State Physics and The Nanometer Structure Consortium(nmC LU) Lund University

We study through electromagnetic modeling the absorption of light of a given wavelength in an array of horizontal In P nanowires of diameter less than 100 nm. Such absorption is performed most efficiently by using polarized light and by exciting a coupled optical resonance in a sparse array. In that case, we excite a resonance in the individual nanowires and couple the resonances in neighboring nanowires through a lattice resonance of the periodic *** such a resonance, an array with nanowires of 80 nm in diameter can absorb more than eight times more strongly than a tight-packed array, despite containing a seven times smaller amount of the absorbing InP material.

关键词： Absorption through a coupled optical resonance in a horizontal InP nanowire array InP

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A new method for internal cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2002年第2期000卷 139-141页

作者：周京敏 Stefan Sack Frank Heinzel Peter Hunold nicklas Dagres Raimund Erbel 葛均波 Department of Cardiology Zhongshan Hospital Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Fudan University Department of Cardiology University Essen Hospital Essen 45122 Germany

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Comparison of Nutrient Density and Nutrient-to-Cost Between Cooked and Canned Beans

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第2期2卷 66-73页

作者： Michael Zanovec Carol E. O' Neil Theresa A. nicklas School of Human Ecology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center USDA/ARS Children"s Nutrition Research Center Baylor College of Medicine

Consumption of nutrient rich foods such as beans and peas is recommended because these foods provide key nutrients and relatively little energy. Many consumers are unfamiliar with dried beans or do not have the time to prepare them. The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient density and nutrient-to-cost among dried cooked, canned (liquid and solids), and canned/drained black, garbanzo, kidney, lima, pinto, white beans, and black-eyed peas. Prices were obtained from 60 grocery stores in January 2009. Nutrient content per 100 g was calculated using the U.S. Department of Agriculture Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 22, and Nutrition Data System for Research (for canned/drained). Nutrient density scores were estimated using the Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3). Nutrient-to-cost ratio (NTCR) was computed as the NRF 9.3 score (per 100 kcal) divided by the cost per half-cup servings per package (12) or per can (3.5). Compared to canned beans, dried cooked beans were significantly more energy dense, contained more protein, fiber, iron, potassium and magnesium;and less sodium than canned beans (p < 0.05 for all). Canned/drained beans contained more sodium than cooked beans (p < 0.05). NRF9.3 scores were 7.3, 2.8, and 4.8 for cooked, canned, and canned/drained beans, respectively. NTCR for cooked, canned, and canned/drained beans was 63.4, 8.9, and 15.2, respectively. Results highlight the benefits of choosing dried beans and also illustrate that canned beans, when drained, provide a healthy alternative. Beans, regardless of type/form, are a nutrient rich food and should be encouraged as part of an overall healthy diet.

关键词： Beans Legumes Nutrient Density Nutrient Cost Food Composition

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Almond Consumption Is Associated with Better Nutrient Intake, Nutrient Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2010

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 504-515页

作者： Carol E. O’Neil Theresa A. nicklas Victor L. Fulgoni III Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Nutrition Impact LLC Battle Creek MI USA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between almond consumption, the most widely consumed tree nut in the US, and nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and weight/adiposity in adults. Methods: Data from adults (N=24,808), 19+ years, participating in the NHANES 2001-2010 were used. The NCI method was used to estimate the usual intake of almonds and selected nutrients. Almond consumers were defined as those consuming any amount of almonds/almond butter. Percentages of the consumers/non-consumers below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or above the Adequate Intake (AI) for select nutrients were determined. To assess significant differences for the percentage of almond consumers vs. non-consumers with intakes less than the EAR or above the AI, a Z-statistic for differences in population proportions was used. Covariate-controlled linear regression was used to determine differences in diet quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), between the consumer groups. Body mass indices and waist circumference were assessed. P was set at p < 0.01. Results: Almond consumers were more likely to be non-Hispanic white, older, of higher income, more physically active, and were less likely to be a current smoker than non-consumers. Usual intake of almonds among consumers was 29.5 ± 1.5 g/day. Usual intake of protein;dietary fiber;vitamins A, D, E, and C;thiamin;niacin;riboflavin;folate, calcium, copper, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, and potassium was higher in almond consumers. Almond consumers were less likely to be below the EAR for protein, vitamins A, D, E, B12, and C;riboflavin;calcium;copper;magnesium;iron;phosphorus;and zinc. They were also more likely to be above the AI for dietary fiber and potassium. Total HEI-2010 scores were approximately 15 points higher in almond consumers. Body mass indices and waist circumference measures were lower in almond consumers. Conclusions: Moderate consumption of

关键词： Almond Consumption Tree Nut Consumption Diet Quality Nutrients Nutrient Adequacy Adults NHANES

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Effect of exercise training intensity on adipose tissue hormone sensitive lipase gene expression in obese women under weight loss

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第3期1卷 184-190,195页

作者： Tongjian You Xuewen Wang Rongze Yang Mary F.Lyles Dawei Gong Barbara J.nicklas Department of Exercise and Health Sciences College of Nursing and Health SciencesUniversity of MassachusettsBostonMA 02125USA Department of Exercise Science University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversityof Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201USA Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27157USA Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201USA Center on Human Genomics Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27157USA

Background:Hormone sensitive lipase(HSL) is an enzyme that regulates adipose tissue lipolysis and plays an important role in chronic exerciseinduced changes in adipose tissue *** purpose of this study was to determine whether aerobic exercise intensity influences abdominal adipose tissue HSL gene expression in obese women under weight loss. Methods:Thirty women(body mass index(BMI) = 33.0±0.7 kg/m^2,age = 58±1 years) completed one of three 20-week interventions: caloric restriction alone(CR only,n = 8),CR plus moderate-intensity exercise(CR + moderate-intensity,45%—50%heart rate reserve(HRR). 3 day/week,n = 9),or CR plus vigorous-intensity exercise(CR + vigorous-intensity,70%—75%HRR,3 day/week,n = 13).Each group had a similar prescribed energy deficit comprised of underfeeding alone(2800 kcal/week for CR only) or underfeeding(2400 kcal/week) plus exercise(400 kcal/week).Body composition and maximal aerobic capacity(VO_2max) were measured,and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue samples were collected before and after the *** tissue HSL gene expression was measured by real time reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results:All three interventions reduced body weight,fat mass,percent *** waist to a similar degree(all p < 0.01).In addition,all interventions did not change absolute VO_2 max,but increased relative VO_2 max(p < 0.05 to P < 0.01).Compared to *** CR only nor CR + moderate-intensity changed adipose tissue HSL gene expression,but CR + vigorous-intensity significantly increased adipose tissue HSL gene expression(p < 0.01).The changes of HSL gene expression levels in the CR + vigorous-intensity group were significantly different from those in the CR only(p < 0.05) and CR + moderate-intensity(p < 0.01) *** the whole cohort,changes in adipose tissue HSL gene expression correlated positively to changes in absolute(r = 0.55,p < 0.01) and relative(r = 0.32,p = 0.09) VO_2 max. Conclusion:These res

关键词： Abdominal obesity Adipose tissue Diet Exercise intensity Hormone sensitive lipase Weight loss

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