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A review of enhanced oil recovery(EOR)methods applied in Kazakhstan

Petroleum 2021年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： Bianca Anne Bealessio Natalia ABlanquez Alonso nicholas john mendes Anna Vladimirovna Sande Berna Hascakir Petroleum Engineering Department Texas A&M UniversityUnited States

Application of enhanced oil recovery methods in Kazakhstan has been ongoing for decades alongside the continued discovery of new oil and gas fields in the Pre-Caspian *** objective of this review is to provide an overview of the hydrocarbon reserves and production,and the status of the petroleum industry in Kazakhstan,with a focus on the EOR methods and projects being applied to recover those reserves.A summary of the specific EOR methods in use was prepared,and existing enhanced recovery projects in Kazakhstan were reviewed and their successes and challenges were *** performance of these projects in the context of EOR performance indicators such as capillary number and mobility ratio,as well as operational and environmental issues,were *** for current and potential applications of EOR in Kazakhstan were also *** widespread application of thermal EOR methods,in use for decades in Kazakhstan’s older fields,was found to be successful,with very favorable impacts on mobility ratio from the addition of thermal energy to the *** EOR methods in Kazakhstan have had more limited success,with some significant challenges due to high concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the injected *** injection started in the late 1960s,achieving good results.A recent polymer injection pilot project has shown some promise,with a favorable impact on mobility ratio and oil production,although the project has not yet been expanded beyond two polymer *** results indicate the huge potential of existing and future EOR *** review is the first compilation of Kazakhstan’s existing oil and gas reserves,production,and EOR project performance,and should be seen as a guide to the existing applications of EOR methods in Kazakhstan.

关键词： Kazakhstan Thermal EOR Sour gas injection Polymer flooding

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The challenge to improve the response of biomaterials to the physiological environment

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2016年第2期3卷 67-71页

作者： nicholas A.Peppas john R.Clegg McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at Austin Department of Biomedical Engineering College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at Austin Institute for Biomaterials Drug Delivery and Regenerative MedicineCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at Austin Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care Dell Medical SchoolCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at Austin Division of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at Austin.

New applications of biomaterials often require advanced structures containing synthetic and natural components that are tuned to provide properties unique to a specific *** discuss how structural characteristics of biomaterials,especially hydrophilic ones,can be used in conjunction with non-ideal thermodynamics to develop advanced medical *** show a number of examples of biocompatible,intelligent biomaterials that can be used for organ replacement,biosensors,precise drug delivery over days or weeks,and regenerative medicine.

关键词： drug delivery nanobiomaterials regenerative mechanism materials structure

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Potential of organic waste to energy and bio-fertilizer production in Sub-Saharan Africa:a review

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 259-267页

作者： Isaac Rubagumya Allan john Komakech Isa Kabenge nicholas Kiggundu Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda

Many growing cities of Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)are marred by the inefficient collection,management,disposal and reuse of organic *** purpose of this study was to review and compare the energy recovery potential as well as bio-fertilizer perspective,from the organic waste volumes generated in SSA *** on computations made with a literature review,we find that the amount of organic wastes varies across countries translating to differences in the energy and bio-fertilizer production potentials across *** wastes generated in SSA can potentially generate about 133 million GWh of energy per *** organic waste to bio-fertilizer production potentials range from 11.08 million tons to 306.26 million tons *** has the highest energy and bio-fertilizer potential among the SSA countries with a total per capita of 630 MWh/year and 306.26 million tons,*** challenges and technical considerations for energy and bio-fertilizer approaches in the management of organic waste in SSA have also been *** study is of help to the readers and strategic decision makers in understanding the contribution of bioenergy and bio-fertilizer to achieving sustainable development goals,namely,7(Affordable and Clean Energy)and 13(Climate Action)in SSA.

关键词： Sub-Saharan Africa Organic waste Energy production Bio-fertilizer production Challenges

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Bridging cognitive gaps between user and model in interactive dimension reduction

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Visual Informatics 2021年第2期5卷 13-25页

作者： Ming Wang john Wenskovitch Leanna House nicholas Polys Chris North Virginia Tech Computer ScienceUnited States of America Pacific Northwest National Laboratory(PNNL) United States of America Virginia Tech StatisticsUnited States of America

Interactive machine learning(ML)systems are difficult to design because of the‘‘Two Black Boxes’’problem that exists at the interface between human and *** algorithms that are used in interactive ML systems are black boxes that are presented to users,while the human cognition represents a second black box that can be difficult for the algorithm to *** black boxes create cognitive gaps between the user and the interactive ML *** this paper,we identify several cognitive gaps that exist in a previously-developed interactive visual analytics(VA)system,Andromeda,but are also representative of common problems in other VA *** goal with this work is to open both black boxes and bridge these cognitive gaps by making usability improvements to the original Andromeda *** include designing new visual features to help people better understand how Andromeda processes and interacts with data,as well as improving the underlying algorithm so that the system can better implement the intent of the user during the data exploration *** evaluate our designs through both qualitative and quantitative analysis,and the results confirm that the improved Andromeda system outperforms the original version in a series of high-dimensional data analysis tasks.

关键词： Interactive machine learning Visual analytics Dimension reduction Usability Cognitive gaps

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Characterization and validation of a chronic retinal neovascularization rabbit model by evaluating the efficacy of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory drugs

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第1期15卷 15-22页

作者： Sandeep Kumar john Quach nicholas Cook Glenwood Gum Vatsala Naageshwaran Department of Ophthalmology Absorption Systems:a Pharmaron company7901 Vickers StSan DiegoCA 92111USA

AIM:To establish a rabbit model with chronic condition of retinal neovascularization(RNV)induced by intravitreal(IVT)injection of DL-2-aminoadipic acid(DL-AAA),a retinal glial(Mül er)cell toxin,extensive characterization of DL-AAA induced angiographic features and the suitability of the model to evaluate anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory therapies for ocular vascular ***:DL-AAA(80 mmol/L)was administered IVT into both eyes of Dutch Belted *** DL-AAA delivery,clinical ophthalmic examinations were performed weekly following modified Mc Donald-Shadduck Scoring *** fundus photography,fluorescein angiography(FA),and optical coherence tomography(OCT)procedures were performed every 2 or 4 wk until stable retinal vascular leakage was *** stable retinal leakage(12 wk post DL-AAA administration)was established,anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)(bevacizumab,ranibizumab and aflibercept)and anti-inflammatory(triamcinolone,TAA)drugs were tested for their efficacy after IVT *** angiograms were scored before and after treatment following a novel grading system,developed for the DL-AAA rabbit ***:Post DL-AAA administration,eyes were presented with moderate to severe retinal/choroidal inflammation which was accompanied by intense vitreous flare and presence of inflammatory cells in the vitreous *** hemorrhage was restricted to the tips of neo-retinal *** revealed maximum retinal vascular leakage at 2 wk after DL-AAA injection and then persisted as evidenced by stable mean FA scores in weeks 8 and *** vascular angiographic and tomographic features were stable and consistent up to 36 mo among two different staggers induced for RNV at two different *** 7,mean FA scores showed that 1μg/eye of bevacizumab,ranibizumab,aflibercept and 2μg/eye of TAA suppress 65%,90%,100%and 50%retinal vascular leakage,*** 30,bevacizumab and TAA continued to show 66%and 44%su

关键词： DL-2-aminoadipic acid chronic wet agerelated macular degeneration retinal neovascularization animal model anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs fluorescein angiography

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A feeder-free,human plasma-derived hydrogel for maintenance of a human embryonic stem cell phenotype in vitro

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Cell Regeneration 2012年第1期1卷 38-46页

作者： Fiona C Lewis nicholas Bryan john A Hunt Clinical Engineering UKCTEInstitute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L693GAUK

Background:Human embryonic stem cells(hESCs)represent a tremendous resource for cell therapies and the study of human development;however to maintain their undifferentiated state in vitro they routinely require the use of mouse embryonic fibroblast(MEF)feeder-layers and exogenous protein media ***:These well established requirements can be overcome and in this study,it will be demonstrated that phenotypic stability of hESCs can be maintained using a novel,human plasma protein-based hydrogel as an extracellular culture matrix without the use of feeder cell *** were resuspended in human platelet poor plasma(PPP),which was gelled by the addition of calcium containing DMEM-based hESC culture *** and genomic expression of the pluripotency markers OCT4,NANOG and SOX2 were measured using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR *** hESC morphology was demonstrated throughout in vitro culture and both viability and phenotypic stability were maintained throughout extended culture,up to 25 ***:PPP-derived hydrogel has demonstrated to be an efficacious alternative to MEF co-culture with its hydrophilicity allowing for this substrate to be delivered via minimally invasive procedures in a liquid phase with polymerization ensuing in *** this provides a novel technique for the study of this unique group of stem cells in either 2D or 3D both in vitro and in vivo.

关键词： Embryonic stem cells Hydrogel Pluripotent stem cells Cell culture

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Clinical implications of the molecular characterization of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2021年第1期7卷 430-447页

作者： nicholas V.Peters john W.Kunstman Department of Surgery Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven 06510CTUSA.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN)is a pre-malignant,mucin-producing epithelial lesion arising from pancreatic *** reports define IPMN behavior as ranging from indolent,asymptomatic lesions to dysplasia that sometimes degenerate into pancreatic *** goal of IPMN management is risk-reducing surgery for high-risk cysts and observation of the *** high-from low-risk IPMN disease still relies on imaging and clinical cyst ***,we review the accepted classification of IPMN including the most common histological subtypes,their clinical features,and currently-accepted high-risk *** then deeply examine the known molecular landscape of IPMN,which has largely been derived from post-resection *** includes those gene variants unique to IPMN,chiefly GNAS and RNF43,but also examines the overlap between IPMN and conventional pancreatic *** molecular markers in the clinical setting relies on endoscopically-obtained cyst fluid and presumes that it accurately represents the molecular characteristics of the cystic *** synthesize existing data on mutational analysis from IPMN cyst fluid and consider the benefits and proper role of current commercially-available cyst fluid molecular analysis *** conclude that carefully interpreted molecular analysis of resected IPMN tissue reveals insights into its biology and natural history while cyst fluid analysis offers prognostication and data to guide treatment ***,knowledge gaps remain,especially in characterizing IPMN molecular heterogeneity,time to progression,and correlating cyst fluid genotype data with surveillance *** such,substantial additional research is required before the promise of true molecular guidance of IPMN management can be realized.

关键词： Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm pancreatic cancer molecular analysis GNAS KRAS RNF43

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Estimation of spatial and temporal water requirements of grain amaranth using satellite,local and virtual weather stations datasets in Uganda

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第2期9卷 85-97页

作者： Joseph Kyagulanyi Isa Kabenge Noble Banadda john Muyonga Peter Mulamba nicholas Kiggundu Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Makerere University P.O Box 7062 KampalaUganda

In this study,an integrated approach incorporating Remote Sensing(RS),Geographical Information System(GIS),local meteorological weather stations’data and NASA’s virtual meteorological stations’data were used to quantify Grain Amaranth(GA)water requirements in ***-Monieth method within CropWAT8 model and Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land(SEBAL)Model was used to quantify the *** Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),daily spatial distribution of Evapotranspiration(ET),Land Surface Temperature(LST)and surface albedo were extracted from satellite *** ratio of effective rainfall(Pe)to Potential Evapotranspiration(PET)–(Pe/PET)and time series for NDVI were computed to determine the growth stage of GA in different *** GA water demand was the highest in Karamoja sub-region(467.5 mm/season)and the lowest in Tororo(174.1 mm/season).The growing season for GA in most areas of Uganda was from March to *** of evapotranspiration in Karamoja sub-region with SEBAL model corresponded to the NDVI extracted,especially for highly vegetated *** indicated that if GA was planted during the late September and early October in Karamoja sub-region,despite the decreasing moisture levels,the crop could have sufficient water supply during emergence to *** ability to utilize low available moisture levels makes GA a potential crop to bridge the gap(due to the elongated drought)for the food production cycle in Karamoja sub-region.

关键词： grain amaranth water requirement remote sensing SEBAL evapotranspiration Uganda

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1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-basedmetabonomic study in patients with cirrhosis and hepaticencephalopathy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第12期7卷 1701-1707页

作者： Konstantinos john Dabos john Andrew Parkinson Ian Howard Sadler john nicholas Plevris Peter Clive Hayes Centre of Liver and Digestive Disorders Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Department of Chemistry University of Strathclyde Department of Chemistry University of Edinburgh

AIM: To identify plasma metabolites used as biomarkers in order to distinguish cirrhotics from controls and ***: A clinical study involving stable cirrhotic patients with and without overt hepatic encephalopathy was designed. A control group of healthy volunteers was used. Plasma from those patients was analysed using 1H- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used the Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill sequence to process the sample spectra at ambient probe temperature. We used a gated secondary irradiation field for water signal suppression. Samples were calibrated and referenced using the sodium trimethyl silyl propionate peak at 0.00 ppm. For each sample 128 transients(FID's) were acquired into 32 K complex data points over a spectral width of 6 KHz. 30 degree pulses were applied with an acquisition time of 4.0 s in order to achieve better resolution, followed by a recovery delay of 12 s, to allow for complete relaxation and recovery of the magnetisation. A metabolic profile was created for stable cirrhotic patients without signs of overt hepatic encephalopathy and encephalopathic patients as well as healthy controls. Stepwise discriminant analysis was then used and discriminant factors were created to differentiate between the three ***: Eighteen stabled cirrhotic patients, eighteen patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy and seventeen healthy volunteers were recruited. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly impaired ketone body metabolism, urea synthesis and gluconeogenesis. This was demonstrated by higher concentrations of acetoacetate(0.23 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.00, P < 0.01), and b-hydroxybutarate(0.58 ± 0.14 vs 0.08 ± 0.00, P < 0.01), lower concentrations of glutamine(0.44 ± 0.08 vs 0.63 ± 0.03, P < 0.05), histidine(0.16 ± 0.01 vs 0.36 ± 0.04, P < 0.01) and arginine(0.08 ± 0.01 vs 0.14 ± 0.02, P < 0.03) and higher concentrations of glutamate(1.36 ± 0.25 vs 0.58 ± 0.04, P < 0.01), lactate(1.53 ± 0.11 vs 0.42 ± 0.05, P < 0.01),

关键词： Ketone bodies Branch chain amino acids Glutamine Glycolysis

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Formation of Stable Interphase of Polymer-in-Salt Electrolyte in All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries

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Energy Material Advances 2021年第1期2021卷 384-393页

作者： Hongcai Gao nicholas S.Grundish Yongjie Zhao Aijun Zhou john B.Goodenough Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at AustinAustin Texas 78712USA

The integration of solid-polymer electrolytes into all-solid-state lithium batteries is highly desirable to overcome the limitations of current battery configurations that have a low energy density and severe safety *** is an appealing matrix for solid-polymer electrolytes;however,the practical utilization of such polymer electrolytes in all-solid-state cells is impeded by inferior ionic conductivity and instability against a lithium-metal *** this work,we show that a polymer-in-salt electrolyte based on polyacrylonitrile with a lithium salt as the major component exhibits a wide electrochemically stable window,a high ionic conductivity,and an increased lithium-ion transference *** growth of dendrites from the lithium-metal anode was suppressed effectively by the polymer-in-salt electrolyte to increase the safety features of the *** addition,we found that a stable interphase was formed between the lithium-metal anode and the polymer-in-salt electrolyte to restrain the uncontrolled parasitic reactions,and we demonstrated an all-solid-state battery configuration with a LiFePO4 cathode and the polymer-in-salt electrolyte,which exhibited a superior cycling stability and rate capability.

关键词： battery lithium electrolyte

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