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Utilizing a novel fiber optic technology to capture the axial responses of fully grouted rock bolts

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第2期10卷 222-235页

作者： nicholas Vlachopoulos daniel Cruz Bradley Forbes department of Civil Engineering Royal Military College of Canada department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen's UniversityKingston

Rock bolts are one of the primary support systems utilized in underground excavations within the civil and mining engineering industries. Rock bolts support the weakened rock mass adjacent to the opening of an excavation by fastening to the more stable, undisturbed formations further from the excavation. The overall response of such a support element has been determined under varying loading conditions in the laboratory and in situ experiments in the past four decades; however, due to the limitations with conventional monitoring methods of capturing strain, there still exists a gap in knowledge associated with an understanding of the geomechanical responses of rock bolts at the microscale. In this paper, we try to address this current gap in scientific knowledge by utilizing a newly developed distributed optical strain sensing(dOS) technology that provides an exceptional spatial resolution of 0.65 mm to capture the strain along the rock bolt. This dOS technology utilizes Rayleigh optical frequency domain reflectometry(ROFdR) which provides unprecedented insight into various mechanisms associated with axially loaded rebar specimens of different embedment lengths, grouting materials, borehole annulus conditions, and borehole diameters. The embedment length of the specimens was found to be the factor that significantly affected the loading of the rebar. The critical embedment length for the fully grouted rock bolts(FGRBs) was systematically determined to be430 mm. The results herein highlight the effects of the variation of these individual parameters on the geomechanical responses FGRBs.

关键词： Fiber optic technology Fully grouted rock bolts Load transfer Stress distribution

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Neoadjuvant treatment of esophageal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3793-3803页

作者： nicholas P Campbell Victoria M Villaflor Section of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineThe University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIL 60637United States

The management of esophageal cancer has been evolving over the past 30 years. In the United States, multimodality treatment combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) prior to surgical resection has come to be accepted by many as the standard of care, although debate about its overall effect on survival still exists, and rightfully so. despite recent improvements in detection and treatment, the overall survival of patients with esophageal cancer remains lower than most solid tumors, which highlights why further advances are so desperately needed. The aim of this article is to provide a complete review of the history of esophageal cancer treatment with the addition of chemotherapy, RT, and more recently, targeted agents to the surgical management of resectable disease.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Multimodality therapy Neoadjuvant therapy Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Targeted agents disease management

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The Weng'an biota and the Ediacaran radiation of multicellular eukaryotes

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National Science Review 2014年第4期1卷 498-520页

作者： Shuhai Xiao A.d.Muscente Lei Chen Chuanming Zhou James d.Schiffbauer Andrew d.Wood nicholas F.Polys Xunlai Yuan department of Geosciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography Nanjing Institute ofGeology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Geological Sciences University of Missouri Advanced Research Computing Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

The rise of multicellularity represents a major evolutionary transition and it occurred independently in multiple eukaryote *** simple multicellular organisms may have evolved in the Mesoproterozoic Era or even earlier,complex multicellular eukaryotes began to diversify only in the Ediacaran Period,just before the Cambrian ***,the Ediacaran fossil record can provide key paleontological evidence about the early radiation of multicellular eukaryotes that ultimately culminated in the Cambrian *** Ediacaran Weng’an biota in South China hosts exceptionally preserved eukaryote fossils,including various acanthomorphic acritarchs,pseudoparenchymatous thalli,tubular microfossils,and spheroidal fossils such as Megasphaera,Helicoforamina,Spiralicellula,and *** of these fossils have been interpreted as multicellular eukaryotes,although alternative interpretations have also been *** this review,we critically examine these various interpretations,focusing particularly on Megasphaera,which has been variously interpreted as a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium,a unicellular protist,a mesomycetozoean-like holozoan,a volvocine green alga,a stem-group animal,or a crown-group *** conclude that Megasphaera is a multicellular eukaryote with evidence for cell-to-cell adhesion,a lexible membrane unconstrained by a rigid cell wall,spatial cellular diferentiation,germ–soma separation,and programmed cell *** features are inconsistent with the bacterium,unicellular protist,and mesomycetozoean-like holozoan ***,the surviving hypotheses,particularly the stem-group animal and algal interpretations,should be further tested with additional *** Weng’an biota also hosts cellularly diferentiated pseudoparenchymatous thalli with specialized reproductive structures indicative of an ainity with lorideophyte red *** other Weng’an fossils reviewed here may also be multicellular eukaryotes,although direct cellular evidenc

关键词： Ediacaran Period doushantuo Formation Weng’an biota multicellularity eukaryotes animals algae

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Electrospun fibers:a guiding scaffold for research and regeneration of the spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第11期11卷 1764-1765页

作者： nicholas J.Schaub National Institute of Standards & Technology Biosystems and Biomaterials Division

The challenge to regenerating the nervous system compared to other tissues in the body is the complexity of the tissue. For example, a small amount of scar tissue formation after an injury to the skin may have few negative side effects, but any scar tissue in the central nervous system is a major physical and chemical barrier to nerve regeneration （Sofroniew, 2009）.

关键词： Electrospun fibers

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Shaping Taste: The Molecular discovery of Rice Genes Improving Grain Size, Shape and Quality

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第11期42卷 597-599页

作者： nicholas P.Harberd department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford

Modern-day human life is absolutely dependent upon the food that we derive from our crop plants. We eat grains, fruits, roots, tubers and other structures, all of which are constructed via coordinated organ growth. Whilst plant organ identity is first established in apical meristems （vegetative and floral shoot meristems and root meristems）, and in other meristematic regions, the final size and shape of organs are defined by subsequent coordination of organ expansion in longitudinal and transverse axes.

关键词： QTLs Shaping Taste The Molecular discovery of Rice Genes Improving Grain Size Shape and Quality gene

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Network analysis to inform invasive species spread among lakes

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 1037-1041页

作者： ESCOBAR Luis E. ROMERO-ALVAREZ daniel LARKIN daniel J. PHELPS nicholas B. d. department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology-Biodiversity Institute University of KansasLawrenceUSA department of Fisheries Wildlifeand Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA

Often facilitated by human-mediated pathways,aquatic invasive species are a threat to the health and biodiversity of global *** present a novel approach incorporating survey data of watercraft movement in a social network analysis to reconstruct potential pathways of aquatic invasive species spread between *** an example,we use the green alga Nitellopsis obtusa,also known as starry stonewort,an aquatic invasive species affecting the Great Lakes region in the United States and *** movement of algal fragments via human-mediated pathways(i.e.,watercraft)has been hypothesized as the primary driver of starry stonewort *** used survey data collected at boat ramps during the 2013 and 2014 openwater seasons to describe the flow of watercraft from Lake Koronis,where *** was first detected in Minnesota,to other lakes in the *** results suggest that the risk of *** expansion is not highly constrained by geographic proximity and management efforts should consider highly connected *** human movement via network analysis may help to explain past and future routes of aquatic invasive species infestation between lakes and can improve evidence-based prevention and control efforts.

关键词： Nitellopsis obtusa starry stonewort lake network invasion

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Testing for temperature acclimation of plant carbon exchange:a comment on‘Global patterns of the responses of leaf-level photosynthesis and respiration in terrestrial plants to experimental warming’by liang et al.

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第3期8卷 333-334页

作者： nicholas G.Smith department of Biological Sciences Purdue University915 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

In a recent issue of Journal of Plant Ecology,Liang et al.(2013)use meta-analytical techniques to analyze the leaf carbon exchanges responses to experimental warming and,in part,observe that leaf dark respiration,but not photosynthesis,acclimates to the warming *** authors should be commended for putting together and analyzing such a large data *** of the results provide fine syntheses for understanding leaf carbon exchange responses to ***,the acclimation analyses are,in my opinion,flawed and are not appropriate for supporting their results.

关键词： exchange carbon supporting

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Chebfun and numerical quadrature

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Science China Mathematics 2012年第9期55卷 1749-1760页

作者： HALE nicholas TREFETHEN Lloyd N Mathematical Institute University of OxfordOxford OX1 3LBUK

Chebfun is a Matlab-based software system that overloads Matlab's discrete operations for vectors and matrices to analogous continuous operations for functions and *** begin by describing Chebfun's fast capabilities for Clenshaw-Curtis and also Gauss-Legendre,-Jacobi,-Hermite,and-Laguerre quadrature,based on algorithms of Waldvogel and Glaser,Liu and *** we consider how such methods can be applied to quadrature problems including 2d integrals over rectangles,fractional derivatives and integrals,functions defined on unbounded intervals,and the fast computation of weights for barycentric interpolation.

关键词： Chebfun Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature Gauss quadrature barycentric interpolation formula Riemann-Liouville integral fractional calculus

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Surgical reconstruction of spinal cord circuit provides functional return in humans

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 1960-1963页

作者： Thomas Carlstedt nicholas James Marten Risling The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related diseases King's College London department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet

This mini review describes the current surgical strategy for restoring function after traumatic spinal nerve root avulsion in brachial or lumbosacral plexus injury in man. As this lesion is a spinal cord or central nervous injury functional return depends on spinal cord nerve cell growth within the central nervous system. Basic science, clinical research and human application has demonstrated good and useful motor function after ventral root avulsion followed by spinal cord reimplantation. Recently, sensory return could be demonstrated following spinal cord surgery bypassing the injured primary sensory neuron. Experimental data showed that most of the recovery depended on new growth reinnervating peripheral receptors. Restored sensory function and the return of spinal reflex was demonstrated by electrophysiology and functional magnetic resonance imaging of human cortex. This spinal cord surgery is a unique treatment of central nervous system injury resulting in useful functional return. Further improvements will not depend on surgical improvements. Adjuvant therapy aiming at ameliorating the activity in retinoic acid elements in dorsal root ganglion neurons could be a new therapeutic avenue in restoring spinal cord circuits after nerve root avulsion injury.

关键词： plexus injury root avulsion spinal cord surgery motor sensory recovery adjuvant therapy

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A review on the coordinative structure of human walking and the application of principal component analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第7期8卷 662-670页

作者： Xinguang Wang nicholas O'dwyer Mark Halaki discipline of Exercise and Sport Science The University of Sydney School of Science and Health The University of Western Sydney School of Human Movement Studies Charles Sturt University

Walking is a complex task which includes hundreds of muscles, bones and joints working together to deliver smooth movements. With the complexity, walking has been widely investigated in order to identify the pattern of multi-segment movement and reveal the control mechanism. The degree of freedom and dimensional properties provide a view of the coordinative structure during walking, which has been extensively studied by using dimension reduction technique. In this paper, the studies related to the coordinative structure, dimensions detection and pattern reorganization during walking have been reviewed. Principal component analysis, as a popular technique, is widely used in the processing of human movement data. Both the principle and the outcomes of principal component analysis were introduced in this paper. This technique has been reported to successfully reduce the redundancy within the original data, identify the physical meaning represented by the extracted principal components and discriminate the different patterns. The coordinative structure during walking assessed by this technique could provide further information of the body control mechanism and correlate walking pattern with injury.

关键词： neural regeneratJon reviews human walking coordinative structure pattern, synergy principalcomponent analysis dimension reduction gender walking speed correlation linear systemanalysis coherence neuroregeneration

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