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On Northern Hemisphere Wave Patterns Associated with Winter Rainfall Events in China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第8期35卷 125-138页

作者： Claudia Christine STEPHAN Yan Ho NG nicholas P. KLINGAMAN National Centre for Atmospheric Science - Climate Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading RG6 6BB United Kingdom Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading RG6 6BB United Kingdom

During extended winter （November-April）, 43% of the intraseasonal rainfall variability in China is explained by three spatial patterns of temporally coherent rainfall, These patterns were identified with empirical orthogonal teleconnection （EOT） analysis of observed 1982-2007 pentad rainfall anomalies and connected to midlatitude disturbances. However, ex- amination of individual strong EOT events shows that there is substantial inter-event variability in their dynamical evolution, which implies that precursor patterns found in regressions cannot serve as useful predictors. To understand the physical nature and origins of the extratropical precursors, the EOT technique is applied to six simulations of the Met Office Unified Model at horizontal resolutions of 200-40 km, with and without air-sea coupling. All simulations reproduce the observed precursor patterns in regressions, indicating robust underlying dynamical processes. Further investigation into the dynamics associated with observed patterns shows that Rossby wave dynamics can explain the large inter-event variability. The results suggest that the appaxently slowly evolving or quasi-stationaxy waves in regression analysis are a statistical amalgamation of more rapidly propagating waves with a variety of origins and properties.

关键词： rainfall in China spring flooding Rossby wave dynamics EOT analysis predictability teleconnections

Shedding light on neurons:optical approaches for neuromodulation

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National Science Review 2022年第10期9卷 34-54页

作者： Shan Jiang Xiang Wu nicholas J.Rommelfanger Zihao Ou Guosong Hong Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford University Department of Applied Physics Stanford University

Today’ s optical neuromodulation techniques are rapidly evolving,benefiting from advances in photonics,genetics and materials *** this review,we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest optical approaches for *** begin with the physical principles and constraints underlying the interaction between light and neural *** then present advances in optical neurotechnologies in seven modules:conventional optical fibers,multifunctional fibers,optical waveguides,light-emitting diodes,upconversion nanoparticles,optical neuromodulation based on the secondary effects of light,and unconventional light sources facilitated by ultrasound and magnetic *** conclude our review with an outlo ok on new methods and mechanisms that afford optical neuromodulation with minimal invasiveness and footprint.

关键词： optical neuromodulation optogenetics neural interfaces

Fluid-structure interaction based optimisation in tidal turbines:A perspective review

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第5期7卷 449-461页

作者： Siddharth Suhas Kulkarni Lin Wang nicholas Golsby Martin Lander School of Mechanical Aerospace and Automotive EngineeringCoventry UniversityCoventry CV12JHUnited Kingdom

Occurrences such as the global climate change have presented critical challenges to humanity and necessitated studies into how greenhouse gas emissions can be *** practical solution is the generation of power from renewable and sustainable sources;hence,tidal current energy which,however,also gives rise to the concept of fluid-structure interaction(FSI).The pressure and fluid flow aspects affect the structural deformations and the structural deformations in turn affect pressure and *** paper presents a perspective review of FSI based optimisation in tidal turbines with a focus on low-order aerodynamic,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and structural *** was acknowledged that,to aid humanity amidst the issue of using renewable or non-renewable sources of energy,practical solutions such as generating renewable energy from sustainable sources are *** current energy was found to be one of the most reliable solutions but further studies regarding its practicality was advised.

关键词： tidal greenhouse Tidal

Nanosecond mid-infrared pulse generation via modulated thermal emissivity

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 724-731页

作者： Yuzhe Xiao nicholas A.Charipar Jad Salman Alberto Pique Mikhail A.Kats Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Ave.SWWashingtonDC 20375USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

We demonstrate the generation of nanosecond mid-infrared pulses via fast modulation of thermal emissivity enabled by the absorption of visible pump pulses in unpatterned silicon and gallium *** free-carrier dynamics in these materials result in nanosecond-scale modulation of thermal emissivity,which leads to nanosecond pulsed thermal *** our knowledge,the nanosecond thermal-emissivity modulation in this work is three orders of magnitude faster than what has been previously *** also indirectly observed subnanosecond thermal pulses from hot carriers in *** experiments are well described by our multiphysics *** method of converting visible pulses into the mid infrared using modulated emissivity obeys different scaling laws and can have significant wavelength tunability compared to approaches based on conventional nonlinearities.

关键词： pump emissivity thermal

A polarizing situation： Taking an in-plane perspective for next-generation near-field studies

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第2期11卷 1-17页

作者： P. James Schuck Wel Bao nicholas J. Borys Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1760 USA

By enabling the probing of light-matter interactions at the functionally relevant length scales of most materials, near-field optical imaging and spectroscopy accesses information that is unobtainable with other methods. The advent of apertureless techniques, which exploit the ultralocalized and enhanced near-fields created by sharp metallic tips or plasmonic nanoparticles, has resulted in rapid adoption of near-field approaches for studying novel materials and phenomena, with spatial resolution approaching sub-molecular levels. However, these approaches are generally limited by the dominant out-of-plane polarization response of apertureless tips, restricting the exploration and discovery of many material properties. This has led to recent design and fabrication breakthroughs in near-field tips engineered specifically for enhancing in-plane interactions with near-field light components. This mini-review provides a perspective on recent progress and emerging directions aimed at utilizing and controlling in-plane optical polarization, highlighting key application spaces where in-plane near-field tip responses have enabled recent advancements in the understanding and development of new nanostructured materials and devices.

关键词： near-field optical microscopy nano-optics TERS plasmonics optical antenna 2D materials

Signaling from T cell receptors (TCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 600-612页

作者： Ling Wu Qianru Wei Joanna Brzostek nicholas R.J.Gascoigne Department of Microbiology and Immunology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore5 Science Drive 2Singapore 117545Singapore Immunology Programme Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

T cells react to foreign or self-antigens through T cell receptor(TCR)*** decades of research have delineated the mechanism of TCR signal transduction and its impact on T cell *** knowledge provides the foundation for chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T cell)technology,by which T cells are redirected in a major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted *** and CAR signaling plays a critical role in determining the T cell state,including exhaustion and *** its artificial nature,CARs might affect or rewire signaling differently than TCRs.A better understanding of CAR signal transduction would greatly facilitate improvements to CAR-T cell technology and advance its usefulness in clinical ***,we systematically review the knowns and unknowns of TCR and CAR signaling,from the contact of receptors and antigens,proximal signaling,immunological synapse formation,and late signaling *** through different T cell subtypes and how signaling is translated into practice are also discussed.

关键词： CAR-T TCR Signaling T cell Immunological synapse

Green Revolution DELLAs: From translational reinitiation to future sustainable agriculture

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Molecular Plant 2021年第4期14卷 547-549页

作者： Qian Liu Kun Wu nicholas P.Harberd Xiangdong Fu State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Plant Sciences University of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford 0X13RBUK College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The Green Revolution(GR)of the 1960s saw spectacular increases in cereal crop yields,enabled by widespread adoption of high-yielding semi-dwarf varieties and increased fertilizer ***-dwarfism is caused by mutant wheat Reduced height-1(Rht-1)and rice semi-dwarf1(sd1)alleles,respectively,which confer increased harvest index(grain to straw ratio)and reduced yield loss from“lodging”(flattening of crops by wind or rain).However,despite their obvious global food security benefits,the underlying mechanisms via which GR dwarfing alleles actually work remained *** began to change with the molecular discovery of Rht1(Peng et al.,1999).

关键词： dwarf crops cereal

Teachers' Reflective Practices in Implementing Assessment for Learning Skills in Classroom Teaching

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ECNU Review of Education 2022年第3期5卷 470-490页

作者： nicholas Sun-Keung Pang Department of Education Faculty of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

Purpose:This article examines how 34 teachers self-assessed their work with the nine Assessment for Learning(AfL)strategies in teaching and their own suggestions for improvement as evidenced by the reflective statements given on reflection ***/Approach/Methods:The sample was a group of 34 teachers from 10 primary schools and 10 kindergartens who have participated in the *** Development Officers(SDOs)were assigned to conduct class observations in the schools,in which they recorded whether the teachers had used the AfL strategies in *** SDOs would also share and discuss the comments with the teachers who had returned the self-reflection forms in which they wrote their feedback on the research ***:The findings show that teachers in kindergartens and teachers in primary schools might have different emphases on the nine AfL strategies in *** own suggested room for improvement in practicing AfL skills has provided insights for enhancing teaching ***/Value:We propose that reflective practices can generate a"reflective spiral"of planning,acting,observing,and then *** study shows that reflective practitioners become professional experts who are able to assure thequality of teaching by self-enhancement and self-improvement.

关键词： Assessment for Learning Hong Kong region reflective practitioner school improvement teaching and learning teaching effectiveness

Small bowel malignant melanoma presenting as a perforated jejunal diverticulum:a case report and literature review

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第1期4卷 80-83,I0003页

作者： Richard C.Newton nicholas Penney nicholas Nind Muhammad S.Sajid Parvinder Sains The Department of General Surgery Worthing HospitalWestern Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustWorthingWest SussexN112DHUK The Department of Histopathology Worthing HospitalWestern Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustWorthingWest SussexN112DHUK

Although usually harmless and asymptomatic,jejuno-ileal diverticulae are associated with various non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms,and rarely cause surgical *** case report describes the presentation and management of a patient with an acute abdomen,whose jejunal diverticulum was ***,histopathological assessment demonstrated malignant melanoma lining the *** this was primary or metastatic is discussed,together with a synopsis of the literature on small bowel diverticulae.

关键词： malignant melanoma intestinal perforation jejunal diverticulum