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The Development of Aerobic and Anaerobic Fitness with Reference to Youth Athletes

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第4期2卷 275-286页

作者： neil Armstrong Jo Welsman Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre University of ExeterSt Lukes CampusHeavitree RoadExeter EX12LUUK

Purpose To challenge current conventions in paediatric sport science and use data from recent longitudinal studies to elu-cidate the development of aerobic and anaerobic fitness,with reference to youth ***(1)To critically review the traditional practice of ratio scaling physiological variables with body mass and,(2)to use multiplicative allometric models of longitudinal data,founded on 1053(550 from boys)determinations of 10-17-year-olds’peak oxygen uptake(VO2)and 763(405 from boys)determinations of 11-17-year-olds’peak power output(PP)and mean power output(MP),to investigate the development of aerobic and anaerobic fitness in *** The statistical assumptions underpinning ratio scaling of physiological variables in youth are seldom *** allometric modelling of longitudinal data has demonstrated that fat free mass(FFM)acting as a surrogate for active muscle mass,is the most powerful morphological influence on PP,MP,and peak *** FFM appropriately controlled for,age effects remain significant but additional,independent effects of maturity status on anaerobic and aerobic fitness are *** Ratio scaling of physiological variables with body mass is fallacious,confounds interpretation of the develop-ment of anaerobic and aerobic fitness,and misleads fitness comparisons within and across youth *** evalua-tion of the development of anaerobic and aerobic fitness in youth requires longitudinal analyses of sex-specific,concurrent changes in age-and maturation-driven morphological *** and maturation-driven changes in FFM are essential considerations when evaluating the physiological development of youth athletes.

关键词： Age Growth Maturation Multiplicative allometric modelling Peak oxygen uptake Peak power output

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Role of coronary physiology in the contemporary management of coronary artery disease

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第2期3卷 148-155页

作者： neil Ruparelia Rajesh K Kharbanda Oxford Heart Centre John Radcliffe Hospital

Coronary artery disease(CAD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide with approximately 1 in 30 patients with stable CAD experiencing death or acute myocardial infarction each year. The presence and extent of resultant myocardial ischaemia has been shown to confer an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Whilst, optimal medical therapy(OMT) forms the cornerstone of the management of patients with stable CAD, a significant number of patients present with ischaemia refractory to OMT. Historically coronary angiography alone has been used to determine coronary lesion severity in both stable and acute settings. It is increasingly clear that this approach fails to accurately identify the haemodynamic significance of lesions; especially those that are visually "intermediate" in severity. Revascularisation based upon angiographic appearances alone may not reduce coronary events above OMT. Technological advances have enabled the measurement of physiological indices including the fractional flow reserve, the index of microcirculatory resistance and the coronary flow reserve. The integration of these parameters into the routine management of patients presenting to the cardiac catheterization laboratory with CAD represents a critical adjunctive tool in the optimal management of these patients by identifying patients that would most benefit from revascularisation and importantly also highlighting patients that would not gain benefit and therefore reducing the likelihood of adverse outcomes associated with coronary revascularisation. Furthermore, these techniques are applicable to a broad range of patients including those with left main stem disease, proximal coronary disease, diabetes mellitus, previous percutaneous coronary intervention and with previous coronary artery bypass grafting. This review will discuss current concepts relevant to coronary physiology assessment, its role in the management of both stable and acute patients and future applications.

关键词： Ischaemia Coronary physiology Coronary flow reserve Fractional flow reserve Coronary artery disease

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Targeted therapy for advanced gastric cancer: A review of current status and future prospects

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第12期7卷 401-410页

作者： Ozkan Kanat Bert O'neil Safi Shahda Department of Medical Oncology Uludag University faculty of Medicine Simon Cancer Center Indiana University School of Medicine

In the West in particular, the vast majority of gastric cancer(GC) patients present with advanced-stage disease. Although combination chemotherapy is stillthe most important component of treatment for these patients, it confers a modest survival advantage. Recently, increased knowledge of the key molecular signaling pathways involved in gastric carcinogenesis has led to the discovery of specific molecular-targeted therapeutic agents. Some of these agents such as trastuzumab and ramucirumab have changed the treatment paradigm for this disease. In this paper, we will summarize the current clinical status of targeted drug therapy in the management of GC.

关键词： Gastric cancer Targeted therapy Angiogenesis Epide

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Functional group resolved NMR relaxation of 3-carbon adsorbates in mesoporous alumina

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2023年第3期3卷 248-255,I0004页

作者： neil Robinson Carmine D’Agostino Michael LJohns Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayPerthWA 6009Australia Department of Chemical Engineering The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM139PLUK Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ChimicaAmbientale e Dei Materiali(DICAM)Alma Mater Studiorum e Universita di BolognaVia Terracini28Bologna40131Italy

NMR relaxation analysis provides a unique and non-invasive probe of fluid dynamics within porous materials,and may be applied to the interpretation of a wide variety of material and interfacial ***,we report two-dimensional^(1)H T_(1)-T_(2)relaxation correlation measurements of a range of three-carbon adsorbates(1-propanol,2-propanol and propanoic acid)imbibed within the mesoporous metal oxide *** data,acquired across field strengths of 2 MHz,12.7 MHz and 43 MHz,clearly reveal two populations in each measurement,identified as the alkyl and hydroxyl moieties of each *** results expand the range of materials in which such functional group resolved relaxation is known to occur,and demonstrate the clear persistence of such phenomena using a range of typical benchtop NMR systems employed to study fluid-saturated porous media.

关键词： NMR relaxation Adsorption Porous media Low-field NMR

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Changes during late-stage embryonic development from egg-juvenile to free-living hatchling in Chinese freshwater crab Sinopotamon yangtsekiense (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae)

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2013年第3期31卷 542-551页

作者：薛俊增刘艳 neil CUMBERLIDGE 吴惠仙 Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Shanghai Ocean University Department of Biology Northern Michigan UniversityMarquette

This study expands on recent reports that direct development in the Chinese potamid freshwater crab Sinopotamon yangtsekiense involves the completion of all brachyuran larval stages (nauplius, zoea, and megalopa) inside the egg case during embryonic development. Detailed studies of embryonic development in this species revealed the presence of an additional larval stage (the egg-juvenile) between the megalopa and the free-living hatchling crab. We described and compared the appendages of the head, thorax, and abdomen of the egg-juvenile with those of the hatchling crab in S. yangtsekiense. Significant differences were found between most of the appendages of these two stages with a soft exoskeleton in the egg-juvenile, no joint articulation, a slimmer appearance, and a lack of setae when compared with the newly emerged free-living hatchling crab. These modifications of the appendages are related to the confinement within the egg case of the egg-megalopa and egg-juvenile during direct development, and the need for the free-living hatchling freshwater crab to move, feed, and respire. In marine crabs, the megalopa gives rise to the first crab stage whereas in freshwater crabs the egg-juvenile follows the megalopa and immediately precedes the free-living first crab stage.

关键词： Sinopotamon yangtsekiense freshwater crab embryonic development egg-juvenile hatchlingcrab appendage

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Postponement in New Product Introduction

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厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2002年第S1期41卷 209-210页

作者： Biao Yang neil Burns The Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Loughborough UniversityThe Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Loughborough University UKUK

Agility has now been a main research topic in the l it erature. There is much written on agility mainly focusing on manufacturing p rocess and strategic processes. However, we argue that new product introduction should call for agility as well due to uncertainty about technological advances and customers’ demand. A technological superiority alone may not guarantee succe ss for new product introduction. We focus on the role of postponement for two ma in processes in new product introduction: new product development and new produc t launch. Postponement enables designers to incorporate the most current technol ogical advances and user needs as these co-evolve with the development process. Postponement can also significantly reduce risk associated with new product lau nch. It thus can be expected that postponement will be increasingly employed in new product introduction.

关键词： Postponement in New Product Introduction

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Ultrafast laser dynamics of metal organic frameworks/TiO_2 nano-arrays hybrid composites for energy conversion applications

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第2期28卷 88-94页

作者： Fatma M.Ismail Daniel O'neil Tareq Youssef Souad A.Elfeky The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences Cairo University Zewail City of Science and Technology Georgia Institute of Technology

Herein,we report the victorious synthesis of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) on TiO_2 nanotubes(NTs)using a layer-by-layer(LbL) *** crystalline and homogenous thin films of MOFs were grown and characterized using XRD,SEM,FT-IR and UV/Vis ***,the utilization of the MOF films as sensitizers was probed in bespoke Graetzel type liquid junction solar *** constructed cell performance revealed an I_(sc) of 1.16 mA cm^(–2),Vocof 0.63 V,FF of 0.33,and E_(ff) of 0.42%.Further,pumpprobe transient laser spectroscopy was performed to investigate the energy and charge transfer dynamics of the MOFs/TiO_2 NTs *** results indicated 86% injection *** ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy allows the investigation of this process and the differences between *** also showed that the relaxation of the MOF chromophores is in competition with electron injection in the Ti O2 *** this study provides a new insight into electron transfer from photoexcited metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) into titanium dioxide.

关键词： Ultrafast laser dynamics Metal-organic frameworks TiO2 nano-arrays Energy conversion Thin film

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On the existence of the compound“Ce_(3)NbO_(7+δ)”prepared under air atmosphere

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Journal of Rare Earths 2021年第5期39卷 596-599页

作者： Shi-Kuan Sun Lucy M.Mottram neil C.Hyatt Immobilisation Science Laboratory Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of SheffieldSir Robert Hadfield BuildingMappin StreetS13JDUK

The solid state synthesis of the phase"Ce_(3)NbO_(7+δ)",from stoichiometric quantities of CeO_(2)and Nb_(2)O_(5),was investigated under air atmosphere,as previously described by Zhang et al.(Journal of Rare Earths,2007,25,730-733),A combination of powder X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis,and laboratory Ce L_(3)X-ray absorption spectroscopy,demonstrates the product of the reaction to be a mixture of CeO_(2)and CeNbO_(4).These data,and reexamination of the published X-ray diffraction data of"Ce_(3)NbO_(7+δ)",are consistent with this phase in fact being CeO_(2).No evidence for the formation of a phase of composition"Ce_(3)NbO_(7+δ)"is found,by solid state synthesis under air atmosphere.

关键词： Cerium Niobium XANES XRD Ceramic Rare earths

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Multi-objective optimization of the cathode catalyst layer micro-composition of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells using a multi-scale,two-phase fuel cell model and data-driven surrogates

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第6期81卷 28-41,I0003页

作者： neil Vaz Jaeyoo Choi Yohan Cha Jihoon Kong Yooseong Park Hyunchul Ju Department of Mechanical Engineering Inha University100 Inha-ro Michuhol-GuIncheon 22212Republic of Korea

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered a promising alternative to internal combustion engines in the automotive *** commercialization is mainly hindered due to the cost and effectiveness of using platinum(Pt)in *** cathode catalyst layer(CL)is considered a core component in PEMFCs,and its composition often considerably affects the cell performance(V_(cell))also PEMFC fabrication and production(C_(stack))*** this study,a data-driven multi-objective optimization analysis is conducted to effectively evaluate the effects of various cathode CL compositions on Vcelland *** essential cathode CL parameters,i.e.,platinum loading(L_(Pt)),weight ratio of ionomer to carbon(wt_(I/C)),weight ratio of Pt to carbon(wt_(Pt/c)),and porosity of cathode CL(ε_(cCL)),are considered as the design *** simulation results of a three-dimensional,multi-scale,two-phase comprehensive PEMFC model are used to train and test two famous surrogates:multi-layer perceptron(MLP)and response surface analysis(RSA).Their accuracies are verified using root mean square error and adjusted R^(2).MLP which outperforms RSA in terms of prediction capability is then linked to a multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ.Compared to a typical PEMFC stack,the results of the optimal study show that the single-cell voltage,Vcellis improved by 28 m V for the same stack price and the stack cost evaluated through the U.S department of energy cost model is reduced by$5.86/k W for the same stack performance.

关键词： Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell Surrogate modeling Multi-layer perceptron(MLP) Response surface analysis(RSA) Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGAⅡ)

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Diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive crises in the elderly patients

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2007年第1期4卷 50-55页

作者： Joseph Varon neil E. Strickman University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA Peripheral Vascular Lab at HGCA Peripheral Vascular Interventional Cardiology at Texas Heart Institute / St Lukes Episcopal Hospital Houston Texas USA

Hypertension is a common clinical problem in the elderly worldwide and physicians of all types are likely to encounter patients with hypertensive urgencies and emergencies in these patients. Although various terms have been applied to these conditions, they are all characterized by acute elevations in blood pressure and evidence of end-organ injury. Prompt, but carefully considered therapy is necessary to limit morbidity and mortality. A wide range of pharmacologic alternatives are available to the practitioner to control blood pressure and treat complications in these patients. The management of the elderly patient with hypertensive crises needs to include close monitoring and a gentle decline in blood pressure to avoid catastrophic complications, exacerbation of ischemic myopathy, and vascular insufficiency.

关键词： hypertension hypertensive crises hypertensive encephalopathy aortic dissection beta-blocker calcium channel blocker clevidipine fenoldopam nitroprusside labetalol nicardipine elderly

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