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Strong link between large tropical volcanic eruptions and severe droughts prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas revealed by tree-ring records

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Science Bulletin 2019年第14期64卷 1018-1023页

作者： Eryuan Liang Binod Dawadi neil Pederson Shilong Piao Haifeng Zhu Shalik Ram Sigdel Deliang Chen Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Central Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham MA 01366 USA College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 40530 Sweden

Large tropical volcanic eruptions can cause short-term global cooling. However, little is known whether large tropical volcanic eruptions, like the one in Tambora/Indonesia in 1815, cause regional hydroclimatic anomalies. Using a tree-ring network of precisely dated Himalayan birch in the central Himalayas, we reconstructed variations in the regional pre-monsoon precipitation back to 1650 CE. A superposed epoch analysis indicates that the pre-monsoon regional droughts are associated with large tropical volcanic eruptions, appearing to have a strong influence on hydroclimatic conditions in the central Himalayas. In fact, the most severe drought since 1650 CE occurred after the Tambora eruption. These results suggest that dry conditions prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas were associated with explosive tropical volcanism. Prolonged La Ni?a events also correspond with persistent pre-monsoon droughts in the central Himalayas. Our results provide evidence that large tropical volcanic eruptions most likely induced severe droughts prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas.

关键词： Tree ring Drought Tropical volcanic eruptions Central Himalayas

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Crohn’s disease in low and lower-middle income countries: A scoping review

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2020年第43期26卷 6891-6908页

作者： Ruma Raj.handari Samantha Blakemore neil Gupta Alma j.Adler Christopher Allen Noble Sara Mannan Klej.a Nikolli Alison Yih Sameer j.shi Gene Bukhman Division of Global Health Equity Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02199United States Partners in Health NCD SynergiesBostonMA 02199United States Western Reserve Health Education Trumbull Regional Medical CenterWarrenOH 44483United States

BACKGROUND While Crohn’s disease has been studied extensively in high-income countries,its epidemiology and care in low and lower-middle income countries(LLMICs)is not well established due to a lack of disease registries and diagnostic *** To describe the published burden,diagnostic/treatment capacity,service utilization,challenges/barriers to individuals with Crohn’s in LLMICs and their *** We conducted a scoping review utilizing a full search strategy was developed and conducted in PubMed,Embase and World Health Organization Global Index *** independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of all of the publications found in this search,reviewed selected publications,and extracted relevant data,which underwent descriptive review and was analyzed in *** The database search yielded 4486 publications,216 of which were determined to be relevant to the research *** all 79 LLMICs,only 21(26.6%)have publications describing individuals with Crohn’***,the highest number of studies came from India,followed by Tunisia,and *** mean number of Crohn’s patients reported per study is 57.84 and the median is 22,with a wide range from one to *** This scoping review has shown that,although there is a severe lack of populationbased data about Crohn’s in LLMICs,there is a signal of Crohn’s in these settings around the world.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Low and lower-middle income countries Scoping review Service utilization Diagnostic/Treatment capacity

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Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Surface Runoff and Sediment Yield in the Little Ruaha River Catchment

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Open j.urnal of Modern Hydrology 2021年第3期11卷 54-74页

作者： Nyemo A. Chilagane j.phet j. Kashaigili Edmund Mutayoba Paul Lyimo Pantaleo Munishi Christine Tam neil Burgess Department of Forest Resources Assessment and Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Water Supply and Irrigation Engineering Water Institute Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Conservation Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania WWF Dar es Salaam Tanzania UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) Cambridge UK

Little Ruaha River catchment (6370 Km2) in the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT), is one of the country’s most significant waterways due to its ecological composition and economic value. Regardless of its ecological and economical value, the regional hydrologic condition has been tremendously affected due to land uses alteration, influenced by different socio-economic factors. This study aimed to understand the associated impacts of the present Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change on the surface runoff and sediment yield in the Little Ruaha River Catchment. Hydrological modelling using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT Model) was done to quantify the impact of land use and land cover dynamics on catchment water balance and sediment loads. The calibration and validation of the SWAT model were performed using sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI-2). The results showed that, for the given LULC change, the average annual surface runoff increased by 2.78 mm while average annual total sediment loading increased by 3.56 t/ha, the average annual base flow decreased by 2.68 mm, ground water shallow aquifer recharge decreased from 2.97 mm and a slight decrease in average annual ground water deep aquifer recharge by 0.14 mm. The model predicts that in the future, there will be a further increase in both surface runoff and sediment load. Such changes, increased runoff generation and sediment yield with decreased base flow have implications on the sustenance flow regimes particularly the observed reduced dry season river flow of the Little Ruaha River, which in turn cause adverse impacts to the biotic component of the ecosystem, reduced water storage and energy production at Mtera Hydroelectrical dam also increa

关键词： Land Cover Land Use Sediment Loading Surface Runoff SWAT Model

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Detecting peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation by one-dimensional isoelectric focusing

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Biophysics Reports 2015年第1期1卷 14-17页

作者： Zhenbo Cao neil j.Bulleid Institute of Molecular Cellular and Systems BiologyCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesDavidson BuildingUniversity of Glasgow

The activity of typical 2-cys peroxiredoxin(Prxs) can be regulated by hyperoxidation with a consequent loss of redox activity. Here we developed a simple assay to monitor the level of hyperoxidation of different typical 2-cys prxs simultaneously. This assay only requires standard equipment and can compare different samples on the same gel. It requires much less time than conventional 2 D gels and gives more information than Western blotting with an antibody specific for hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin. This method could also be used to monitor protein modification with a charge difference such as phosphorylation.

关键词： Hyperoxidation Isoelectric focusing Peroxiredoxin

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个人电脑 1997年第11期 141-146页

作者： neil j. Rubenking

立即备份我的笔记本电脑有一块1.2GB的硬盘。在考虑快速(也是最可能使用的)备份的方法时,我发现答案就是j.z驱动器。 Windows 95附带了一个XCOPY的新版本,它被称作XCOPY32,其中包含了一些新选项。/D参数用来指定比某个日期晚的文件,例... 详细信息

立即备份我的笔记本电脑有一块1.2GB的硬盘。在考虑快速(也是最可能使用的)备份的方法时,我发现答案就是j.z驱动器。 Windows 95附带了一个XCOPY的新版本,它被称作XCOPY32,其中包含了一些新选项。/D参数用来指定比某个日期晚的文件,例如/D:12-25-96指的是圣诞节以后的文件。但当使用/D而不带冒号和日期时,XCOPY32逐一比较每个文件的日期/时间项,并且仅拷贝比目标文件新的源文件。

关键词：注册表编辑器命令行命令提示符 DOS 文件主键

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个人电脑 1997年第12期 155-156页

作者： neil j. Rubenking

使用你选择的应用程序打开文件我发现在资源管理器中选择某个文件后,如果右击的同时按下Shift键,弹出的菜单中会出现额外的“打开方式”选项。它使你能选择新的程序来打开该文件。你能轻易地改变已经用其他程序注册的文件的打开方式。... 详细信息

使用你选择的应用程序打开文件我发现在资源管理器中选择某个文件后,如果右击的同时按下Shift键,弹出的菜单中会出现额外的“打开方式”选项。它使你能选择新的程序来打开该文件。你能轻易地改变已经用其他程序注册的文件的打开方式。这比进入查看|选项|文件类型并浏览所有文件扩展名要简便得多。

关键词：任务栏系统菜单资源管理器资源管理程序驱动器计算机外围设备徽标文件类型回车键

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个人电脑 1997年第6期3卷 147-153页

作者： neil j. Rubenking 苏云

升级至Win 95后恢复DOS 在Windows 95和DOS之间建立双重引导的大多数方案是以安装Windows 95时保留旧的DOS版本作为前提的。如果安装Windows 95时删除了DOS,或者从未安装过用于启动的DOS,仍可以建立双重引导,虽然这一过程比较枯燥。一... 详细信息

升级至Win 95后恢复DOS 在Windows 95和DOS之间建立双重引导的大多数方案是以安装Windows 95时保留旧的DOS版本作为前提的。如果安装Windows 95时删除了DOS,或者从未安装过用于启动的DOS,仍可以建立双重引导,虽然这一过程比较枯燥。一旦启用双重引导,你甚至可以在引导至DOS后安装Windows 3.x。当然,你所指定的Windows 3.x的位置应不同于Windows 95文件夹,并且。

关键词： PC信箱用户交流硬件 Win95 DOS

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Handbook of proteolytic enzymes

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1998年

作者： ed. by Alan j. Barrett neil D. Rawlings j. Fred Woessner

本书演示了生物化学实验中仪器设备的正确使用、实验装置的科学搭建和规范操作等实验环节。全书精选了12个实验,内容涵盖糖、脂、蛋白质、核酸和酶等领域。

ISBN: (纸本)0120793709

关键词： Proteolytic enzymes

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Mixture models detect large effect QTL better than GBLUP and result in more accurate and persistent predictions

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 468-473页

作者： Anna Wolc j.sus Arango Petek Settar j.net E.Fulton neil P.O'Sullivan j.ck C.M.Dekkers Rohan Fernando Dorian j.Garrick Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Hy-Line International Dallas Center

Background： Accurate evaluation of SNP effects is important for genome wide association studies and for genomic prediction. The genetic architecture of quantitative traits differs widely, with some traits exhibiting few if any quantitative trait loci （QTL） with large effects, while other traits have one or several easily detectable QTL with large effects. Methods： Body weight in broilers and egg weight in layers are two examples of traits that have QTL of large effect A commonly used method for genome wide association studies is to fit a mixture model such as BayesB that assumes some known proportion of SNP effects are zero. In contrast, the most commonly used method for genomic prediction is known as GBLUP, which involves fitting an animal model to phenotypic data with the variance-covariance or genomic relationship matrix among the animals being determined by genome wide SNP genotypes. Genotypes at each SNP are typically weighted equally in determining the genomic relationship matrix for GBLUP. We used the equivalent marker effects model formulation of GBLUP for this study. We compare these two classes of models using egg weight data collected over 8 generations from 2,324 animals genotyped with a 42 K SNP ***： Using data from the first 7 generations, both BayesB and GBLUP found the largest QTL in a similar well-recognized QTL region, but this QTL was estimated to account for 24 % of genetic variation with BayesB and less than 1% with GBLUP. When predicting phenotypes in generation 8 BayesB accounted for 36 % of the phenotypic variation and GBLUP for 25 %. When using only data from any one generation, the same QTL was identified with BayesB in all but one generation but never with GBLUP. Predictions of phenotypes in generations 2 to 7 based on only 295 animals from generation 1 accounted for 10 % phenotypic variation with BayesB but only 6 % with GBLUP. Predicting phenotype using only the marker effects in the 1 Mb region that accounted for the largest e

关键词： Bayesian methods Bias QTL

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Young people are fit and active——Fact or fiction?

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第3期1卷 131-140,194页

作者： neil Armstrong Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre University of Exeter

This paper analyses young people's habitual physical activity(HPA) and aerobic fitness(AF) in relation to health and well-being,with reference to previous *** consistently show that more boys than girls experience health-related physical activity(PA) and that both genders experience a decline in HPA during *** maj.rity of young people(～60%-75%) do not meet the requirements of current health-related PA guidelines but youth HPA appears to have stabilised over the last two *** it does not describe all aspects of AF, peak oxygen uptake(peak VO_2) is recognised as the best single measure of *** VO_2 is enhanced with age,growth and maturation with increases of～150%and～80%in boys and girls respectively from 8 to 16 ***' values are higher than those of girls throughout childhood and adolescence with the gender difference reaching～35% by age 16 *** is no compelling evidence to suggest that young people have low levels of peak VO_2 or that they are less aerobically fit than children of previous *** the relative stability of peak VO_2 there has been a decline of～13%over the last 35 years in young people's ability to perform maximal aerobic exercise which involves the transport of body *** their daily lives young people very rarely experience PA of the intensity and duration to enhance AF and peak VO_2 is, at best,only weakly related to current levels of HPA during *** levels of HPA and a marked secular decline in maximal aerobic performance remain maj.r issues in the promotion of youth health and well-being.

关键词： Adolescents Aerobic fitness Children Health and well-being Physical activity

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