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There is more to the knee joint than just the quadriceps:A systematic review with meta-analysis and evidence gap map of hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 521-536页

作者： Helder S.Lopes marina C.Waiteman Liliam B.Priore neal R.Glaviano David m.Bazett-Jones Ronaldo V.Briani Fabio m.Azevedo School of Science and Technology Physical Therapy DepartmentSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Presidente Prudente 19060-900Brazil Department of Kinesiology College of AgricultureHealth and Natural ResourcesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences College of Health and Human ServicesUniversity of ToledoToledoOH 43606USA

Background:Impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology have been associated with altered knee biomechanics,pain,and *** the presence of these impairments in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders is important and may indicate targets for assessment and *** systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature to determine the presence of impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee ***:Five databases(mEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,SPORTDiscus,and Web of Science)were searched from inception to September *** studies comparing hamstring outcomes(e.g.,strength,flexibility,and/or morphology)between individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders and their unaffected limbs or pain-free controls were ***-analyses for each knee disorder were ***-level certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation,and evidence gap maps were ***:Seventy-nine studies across 4 different gradual-onset knee disorders(i.e.,knee osteoarthritis(OA),patellofemoral pain(PFP),chondromalacia patellae,and patellar tendinopathy)were *** with knee OA presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to pain-free controls during isometric(standard mean difference(SmD)=-0.76,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.32 to-0.21)and concentric contractions(SmD=-0.97,95%CI:-1.49 to-0.45).Individuals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to painfree controls during isometric(SmD=-0.48,95%CI:-0.82 to-0.14),concentric(SmD=-1.07,95%CI:-2.08 to-0.06),and eccentric contractions(SmD=-0.59,95%CI:-0.97 to-0.21).No differences were observed in individuals with patellar *** with PFP presented with reduced hamstring flexibility when compared to pain-free controls(SmD=-0.76,95%CI:-1.15 to-0.36).Evidence gap maps identified insufficient evidence for chondromalacia patel

关键词： Chondromalacia patellae Knee flexors Knee osteoarthritis Patellar tendinopathy Patellofemoral pain

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哈达门沟金矿床成岩成矿时代的定点定年研究

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矿床地质 2000年第2期19卷 182-190页

作者：苗来成 Yumin Qiu 关康 neal m cnaughton 裘有守罗镇宽 David Groves 中国地质大学 Centre for Strategic mineral Deposits Department of Geology and Geophysicsthe University of Western Australia 冶金部天津地质研究院

哈达门沟大型钾长石 -石英脉型金矿床位于华北地台北缘西段的乌拉山地区。矿区西部的大桦背花岗岩和矿区内的伟晶岩脉与金矿化均具有较为密切的空间关系 ,这导致不少研究者认为哈达门沟金矿床与大桦背岩体或伟晶岩之间也具有时间和成因... 详细信息

哈达门沟大型钾长石 -石英脉型金矿床位于华北地台北缘西段的乌拉山地区。矿区西部的大桦背花岗岩和矿区内的伟晶岩脉与金矿化均具有较为密切的空间关系 ,这导致不少研究者认为哈达门沟金矿床与大桦背岩体或伟晶岩之间也具有时间和成因联系。通过采用先进的高灵敏的高分辨率的离子探针 (SHRImP)对大桦背岩体、伟晶岩脉和钾长石化蚀变岩进行的锆石 U- Pb定点定年研究表明 :伟晶岩脉形成于 (1836± 5)× 10 6a,属吕梁旋回 ;大桦背岩体形成于 (353± 7)× 10 6a,应为海西旋回早期产物 ;金矿化年龄小于或等于 (132± 2 )× 10 6a,应为燕山晚期。这些年龄结果说明 ,本区金矿化比大桦背岩体晚至少 2 2 0× 10 6a,这排除了金矿化与大桦背岩体和伟晶岩脉之间有任何成因联系的可能性。蚀变岩的年龄还证明 ,虽然乌拉山和胶东地区金矿床的围岩和年龄不同 ,但两地区的金矿化却几乎同时发生。此外 ,大桦背岩体的形成年龄与华北地块和蒙古古陆块碰撞作用发生的时间基本一致 ,因此大桦背岩体的 SHRImP年龄为这一碰撞作用提供了可靠的年代学证据。

关键词：金矿庆锆石定点定年成岩成矿时代

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Strong parallel evidence of selection during switchgrass sward establishment in hybrid and lowland ecotypes

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Grassland Research 2022年第1期1卷 31-42页

作者： neal W.Tilhou Shawn m.Kaeppler michael D.Casler Department of Agronomy University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA USDA-ARS U.S.Dairy Forage Research CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA

Background:Switchgrass sward establishment results in up to 90%seedling *** degree of selection during sward establishment has not been reported using modern genetic ***:Pooled leaf samples were sequenced from replicated swards of 46 half-sib families from two breeding groups(lowland and hybrid)before and through 3 years of stand *** allele frequencies were then assessed using fixation indices(Fst)and an independent data set was used to predict the polygenic impact of establishment selection on two traits(heading date and winter survivorship).Last,the DNA pools were assigned survival rankings to predict the sward survival genomically estimated breeding values within the training data ***:Strong and parallel selection occured in both breeding *** genomic regions exceeded the significant threshold of 99.9%in>10 families,indicating consistent selection across families and breeding *** trait predictions determined that establishment selection was partially associated with winter survivorship but resulted in variable heading date *** genomewide variation is consistent with selection for a small number of related parental ***:This study observed strong selection for a small number of hybrid and coastal ecotype individuals which are promising germplasm sources for improved sward *** confirms prior reports of sward selection during grassland establishment and highlights the strength of pooled DNA sequencing for survival traits.

关键词： genomic prediction grassland establishment Panicum virgatum polygenic traits selection

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The ALmA-QUARKS Survey.Ⅰ.Survey Description and Data Reduction

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期24卷 104-124页

作者：刘训川 Tie Liu Lei Zhu Guido Garay Hong-Li Liu Paul Goldsmith neal Evans Kee-Tae Kim Sheng-Yuan Liu Fengwei Xu Xing Lu Anandmayee Tej Xiaofeng mai Leonardo Bronfman Shanghuo Li Diego mardones Amelia Stutz Ken'ichi Tatematsu Ke Wang Qizhou Zhang Sheng-Li Qin Jianwen Zhou Qiuyi Luo Siju Zhang Yu Cheng Jinhua He Qilao Gu Ziyang Li Zhenying Zhang Suinan Zhang Anindya Saha Lokesh Dewangan Patricio Sanhueza Zhiqiang Shen Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ChileLas Condes7591245 SantiagoChile School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena CA 91109USA Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at AustinTX 78712-1205USA Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of Korea Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia SinicaRoosevelt RoadTaipei 10617China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695547KeralaIndia max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17D-69117 HeidelbergGermany Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ConcepciónCasilla 160-CConcepciónChile Nobeyama Radio Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of JapanNational Institutes of Natural Sciences462-2 NobeyamaMinamimakiMinamisakuNagano 384-1305Japan Center for Astrophysics∣Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69D-53125 BonnGermany School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo181-8588Japan Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Physical Research Laboratory NavrangpuraAhmedabad-380009India Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAI2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan University of Science and Technology Korea(UST)217 Gajeong-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34113Republic o

This paper presents an overview of the QUARKS survey,which stands for Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALmA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures."The QUARKS survey is observing139 massive clumps covered by 156 pointings at Atacama Large millimeter/submillimeter Array(ALmA)Band 6(λ~1.3 mm).In conjunction with data obtained from the ALmA-ATOmS survey at Band 3(λ~3 mm),QUARKS aims to carry out an unbiased statistical investigation of massive star formation process within protoclusters down to a scale of 1000 *** overview paper describes the observations and data reduction of the QUARKS survey,and gives a first look at an exemplar source,the mini-starburst Sgr B2(m).The wide-b and width(7.5 GHz)and high-angular-resolution(~0."3)observations of the QUARKS survey allow for the resolution of much more compact cores than those could be done by the ATOmS survey,and to detect previously unrevealed fainter filamentary *** spectral windows cover transitions of species including CO,SO,N_(2)D^(+),SiO,H_(30)α,H_(2)CO,CH_(3)CN,and many other complex organic molecules,tracing gas components with different temperatures and spatial *** aims to deepen our understanding of several scientific topics of massive star formation,such as the mass transport within protoclusters by(hub-)filamentary structures,the existence of massive starless cores,the physical and chemical properties of dense cores within protoclusters,and the feedback from already formed high-mass young protostars.

关键词： stars formation-stars kinematics and dynamics-ISm clouds-ISm molecules

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The ALmA-QUARKS Survey.Ⅱ.The ACA 1.3 mm Continuum Source Catalog and the Assembly of Dense Gas in massive Star-Forming Clumps

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 119-139页

作者：许峰玮 Ke Wang Tie Liu Lei Zhu Guido Garay Xunchuan Liu Paul Goldsmith Qizhou Zhang Patricio Sanhueza Shengli Qin Jinhua He mika Juvela Anandmayee Tej Hongli Liu Shanghuo Li Kaho morii Siju Zhang Jianwen Zhou Amelia Stutz neal JEvans Kee-Tae Kim Shengyuan Liu Diego mardones Guangxing Li Leonardo Bronfman Ken’ichi Tatematsu Chang Won Lee Xing Lu Xiaofeng mai Sihan Jiao James O.Chibueze Keyun Su Viktor L.Tóth Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ChileLas Condes7591245 SantiagoChile Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena CA 91109USA Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAI2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Department of Physics University of HelsinkiPO Box 64FI-00014 HelsinkiFinland Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695547KeralaIndia max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17D-69117 HeidelbergGermany Department of Astronomy Graduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 6953121 BonnGermany Departamento de AstronomÂıa Universidad de ConcepcionCasilla 160-CConcepci onChile Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at AustinTexas 78712-1205USA Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of Korea Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia SinicaRoosevelt RoadTaipei 10617TaiwanChina South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeok-daeroYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of

Leveraging the high resolution,sensitivity,and wide frequency coverage of the Atacama Large millimeter/submillimeter Array(ALmA),the QUARKS survey,standing for“Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALmA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures”,is observing 139 massive starforming clumps at ALmA Band 6(λ~1.3 mm).This paper introduces the Atacama Compact Array(ACA)7 m data of the QUARKS survey,describing the ACA observations and data *** multiwavelength data,we provide the first edition of QUARKS atlas,offering insights into the multiscale and multiphase interstellar medium in high-mass star *** ACA 1.3 mm catalog includes 207 continuum sources that are called ACA *** gas kinetic temperatures are estimated using three formaldehyde transitions with a non-LTE radiation transfer model,and the mass and density are derived from a dust emission *** ACA sources are massive(16–84 percentile values of 6–160 m_(⊙)),gravity-dominated(m∝R^(1.1))fragments within massive clumps,with supersonic turbulence(m>1)and embedded star-forming *** find a linear correlation between the masses of the fragments and the massive clumps,with a ratio of 6%between the *** considering fragments as representative of dense gas,the ratio indicates a dense gas fraction(DGF)of 6%,although with a wide scatter ranging from 1%to 10%.If we consider the QUARKS massive clumps to be what is observed at various scales,then the size-independent DGF indicates a self-similar fragmentation or collapsing mode in protocluster *** the ACA data over four orders of magnitude of luminosity-to-mass ratio(L/m),we find that the DGF increases significantly with L/m,which indicates clump evolutionary *** observed a limited fragmentation at the subclump scale,which can be explained by a dynamic global collapse process.

关键词： stars:formation ISm:kinematics and dynamics ISm:clouds stars:protostars

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Characteristics of vertical distributions of methane and dimethylsulphoniopropionate in the southern Yap Trench

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第6期41卷 2101-2116页

作者： Yuhuan HUANG Chengjun SUN Lina Lü neal Xiangyu DING Liangmin YU Guipeng YANG Haibing DING Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and TechnologyMinistry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory Laoshan Laboratory(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center the First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Tropical marine Bio-resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

methane(CH_(4) )and dimethylsulphoniopropionate(DmSP)are major carbon and sulfur sources for bacterioplankton in the *** investigated the characteristics of CH_(4) and DmSP in the southern Yap Trench from sea surface to hadal zone in June *** found that concentrations of CH_(4) varied from 1.5 to 4.5 nmol/L with saturation between 94% and 204% in the euphotic *** of dissolved DmSP(DmSPd)ranged from 0.5 to 3.7 nmol/L with higher values in surface water and decreased with *** of particulate DmSP(DmSPp)varied from 0 to 13.6 nmol/*** of total DmSP(DmSPt)ranged 2.0-15.2 nmol/*** concentrations decreased slightly and reached consistent levels in 200-3000-m depth due probably to heterotrophic bacterial production in marine aphotic and high-pressure *** exception occurred around 4000-m depth where their concentrations increased considerably and then decreased in deeper *** previously unrecognized phenomenon sheds light on the elevated concentrations of DmSP in the abyssal layer that might be affected by the Lower Circumpolar Deep Water(LCPW).Concentrations of CH_(4) in seawater of the Benthic Boundary Layer of the southern Yap Trench were slightly higher than those in the water column at approximate depth,and concentrations of DmSP in seawater of the Benthic Boundary Layer of the southern Yap Trench were not much higher than those in the water column at the approximate depth,indicating that sediment was a weak source of CH_(4) but was not a source of DmSP for seawater in the study *** study presented clear correlations between CH_(4) and DmSP from sea surface to sea bottom,proving that DmSP might be a potential substrate for CH_(4) not only in oxic surface seawater but also in deep water.

关键词： methane dimethylsulphoniopropionate(DmSP) hadal zone Jiaolong submersible Yap Trench oceanic methane paradox

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Changes in otolaryngology application requirements and match outcomes:Are we doing any better?

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2023年第2期9卷 144-152页

作者： Emma De Ravin Ariel S.Frost neal R.Godse Amber D.Shaffer Noel Jabbour Barry m.Schaitkin Jason Newman Leila J.mady Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Health SystemPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Head and Neck Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMCPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and NeckSurgery Medical Universityof South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA mUSC Hollings Cancer Center CharlestonSouthCarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Cancer Risk and Control Program of Excellence Sidney Kimmel Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objectives:Otolaryngology-specific requirements were piloted to minimize applicant and program *** investigated the impact of introducing and then removing these requirements on match ***:2014-2021 National Resident matching Program?data were *** primary outcome was the impact of Otolaryngology Resident Talent Assessment(ORTA;prematch 2017,postmatch 2019)and Program-Specific Paragraph(PSP;implemented 2016,optional 2018)on applicant numbers and match *** survey analysis assessed candidate perceptions of PSP/***:Applicant numbers declined significantly during PSP/ORTA(18.9%;p=0.001).With the optional PSP and postmatch ORTA,applicant numbers increased significantly(39.0%;p=0.002).Examined individually,mandatory PSP was associated with a significant decline in applicants(p=0.007),whereas postmatch ORTA was associated with significant increases in applicants(p=0.010).ORTA and PSP negatively impacted the decision to apply to otolaryngology in 59.8%and 51.3%of applicants,***,match rate success improved significantly from 74.8%to 91.2%during PSP/ORTA(p=0.014),followed by a significant decline to 73.1%after PSP was made optional and ORTA moved to postmatch(p=0.002).Conclusions:ORTA and PSP correlated with decreased applicant numbers and increased match rate *** programs seek ways to remove barriers to applying to otolaryngology,the potential consequences of an increasing pool of unmatched candidates must also be considered.

关键词： academic success internship and residency medical students otolaryngology surveys and questionnaires

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Springing

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小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2023年第3期 18-19页

作者： neal Levin michelle Hazelwood Hyde(图) 不详

How delightful!Spring is bringing everything a new *** is *** are *** are ***,*** in the park areswinging.I'm so happy spring is springing,Spring is coming.春姑娘悄悄向我们走来,挥一挥衣袖,万物复苏。ning鸟儿在歌唱,虫儿在鸣叫。草儿探着头,花儿羞答答地笑。Spring is *** is shining.你的世界里,还有哪些正在“进行时”?

关键词： Spring spring bringing

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Characterization of Leaf Transcriptome in Banksia hookeriana

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2017年第1期15卷 49-56页

作者： Sim Lin Lim Haylee m.D'Agui neal J.Enright Tianhua He Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityPerthWA 6150Australia

Abstract Banksia is a significant element in vegetation of southwestern Australia, a biodiversity hotspot with global significance. In particular, Banksia hookeriana represents a species with significant economic and ecological importance in the region. For better conservation and management, we reported an overview of transcriptome of B. hookeriana using RNA-seq and de novo assembly. We have generated a total of 202.7 million reads （18.91 billion of nucleotides） from four leaf sam- ples in four plants of B. hookeriana, and assembled 59,063 unigenes （average size = 1098 bp） through de novo transcriptomc assembly. Among them, 39,686 unigenes were annotated against the Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Groups （COG）, and NCBI non-redundant （NR） protein databases. We showed that there was approximately one single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） per 5.6-7.1 kb in the transcriptome, and the ratio of transitional to transversional polymorphisms was approximately 1.82. We compared unigenes of B. hookeriana to those of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nelumbo nucifera through sequence homology, Gene Ontology （GO） annotation, and KEGG pathway analyses. The comparative analysis revealed that unigenes of B. hookeriana were closely related to those of N. nucifera. B. hookeriana, N. nucifera, and A. thaliana shared similar GO anno- tations but different distributions in KEGG pathways, indicating that B. hookeriana has adapted to dry-mediterranean type shrublands via regulating expression of specific genes. In total 1927 potential simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were discovered, which could be used in the genotype and genetic diversity studies of the Banksia genus. Our results provide valuable sequence resource for further study in Banksia.

关键词： Banksia hookeriana Gene annotation RNA-seq SSR marker Transcriptome

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Soil carbon sequestration,carbon markets,and conservation agriculture practices:A hypothetical examination in mozambique

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第3期5卷 167-179页

作者： Timoteo E.Simone Dayton m.Lambert Ivan Cuvaca neal S.Eash Department of Agricultural&Resource Economics 321 Morgan Hall2621 Morgan CircleKnoxvilleTN 37996-4518USA Department Biosystems Engineering&Soil Science 2506 EJ Chapman DriveKnoxvilleTN 37996-4531USA

Payments for Environmental Services(PES)are relatively novel mechanisms whereby the adoption of sustainable management practices by a stakeholder is rewarded by incentives linked to external *** of PES for conservation agricultural practices(CAPS)by smallholder farmers may provide opportunities to increase household income or cover the technology costs of adoption if the carbon sequestration benefits of CAPS are quantifiable,adoption rates are accelerated and maintained,a mechanism exists whereby carbon sequestration services can be compensated,and carbon offset exchange markets are *** research suggests a methodology to examine a PES market for carbon offsets generated by the adoption of CAPS by farmers in *** a cumulative adoption of 60%over a 20-year period,revenue from PES market participation to CA adopters was two times higher than revenue earned when disadoption occurred midway through the *** adoption targets are associated with higher per household returns when fertilizer rates typical to the region are *** and maintaining a sustainable PES system in the study region would require significant investment in time and *** lack of on-the-ground institutions or local support for such a program would also challenge successful ***,the programs where participant success depends on external markets,such as the hypothetical one suggested here,are subject to the ebb and flow of foreign demand for carbon *** these three broad constraints to a PES/CAPS program in the region would require grass-roots driven policy initiatives with buy-in at multiple social,economic,and political levels.

关键词： Payment for environmental services Conservation agriculture adoption Carbon sequestration

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