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In vivo antiplasmodial activity of Bombax buonopozense root bark aqueous extract in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2017年第4期37卷 431-435页

作者： Akuodor Godwin Christian Ezeonu Chinonyelum Thecla Essien Augustine Dick Asika Ebere Chile Chilaka Kingsley Chimsorom Nwachukwu Daniel Ckukwu nwobodo ndubuisi nwobodo Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine Ebonyi State UniversityAbakaliki P.M.B. 053 Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine Ebonyi State University Abakaliki RM.B.053 Nigeria Department of Pharmacology College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar Calabar P.M.B. 1115 Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Health Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka P.M.B. 5025 Nigeria Department of Physiology College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu P.M.B. 1011 Nigeria

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial activity and the oral acute toxicity of the Bombax buonopozense root bark aqueous ***: The in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the root bark aqueous extract of Bombax buonopozense against early and established rodent malaria infections in chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei strain in mice was investigated, and oral acute toxicity of the aqueous root bark extract of Bombax buonopozense was also evaluated in ***: The findings of this study revealed significant(P < 0.05) and dose dependent decrease in parasitaemia in the parasitized groups treated with varying doses of the extract(50-200 mg/kg p.o.) in both suppressive and curative tests. There was also significant decrease in parasitaemia density in the chloroquine treated group. The aqueous extract was found no toxicity in mice and the oral LD50 was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/***: Bombax buonopozense root bark aqueous extract possesses potent antiplasmodial activity and may therefore, serve as potential sources of new antimalarial agents.

关键词： Plasmodium berghei Bombax Plant extracts Phytochemicals Toxicity tests, acute

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Analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of methanolic leaf extract of Maerua crassifolia

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第3期4卷 225-230页

作者： Godwin Christian Akuodor Augustine Dick Essien Joseph Linus Akpan Kingsley Chimsorom Chilaka Nkemjika Jane Ikodiya Uwaezuoke Kenneth Ikechukwu Nwadike ndubuisi nwobodo nwobodo Basil Chukwuma Ezeokpo Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of MedicineEbonyi State UniversityAbakalikiNigeria Department of Pharmacology College of Medical SciencesUniversity of CalabarCalabarNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Health SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of MedicineUniversity of NigeriaEnugu CampusNigeria Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineEbonyi State UniversityAbakalikiNigeria

Objective:To investigate the the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the methanolic leaf extract of Maerua crassifolia in mice and ***:Acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion methods were used to assess analgesic activity,while xylene and carrageenan-induced paw oedema methods were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the leaf *** and amphetamine-induced pyrexia were used to investigate the antipyretic *** phytochemical analysis and oral acute toxicity of the methanolic leaf extract of Maerua crassifolia were also ***:The leaf extract(100,200,and 400 mg/kg)showed a dose dependent and significant(P<0.05)inhibition of pain in acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion *** extract also produced significant(P<0.05)anti-inflammatory activity in both paradigms.A significant(P<0.05)reduction in hyperpyrexia was also observed with the leaf *** phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,tannins,steroids,resins,saponins and cardiac *** oral median lethal dose of the leaf extract was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg in ***:The findings confirmed its ethnomedical use in the treatment of pains and feverish conditions.

关键词： Maerua crassifolia Leaf Analgesia Inflammation Pyrexia Rodents

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COVID-19 Era and Water Supply: Challenges for Rural Communities in Eastern, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第7期8卷 219-233页

作者： Tonia Nkiru nwobodo Kevin Ejike Chukwu Department of Geography University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Geography and Meteorology Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria

Coronavirus is currently a huge threat to human health all over the globe. Even though it has no cure yet, it can be contained by proper personal and collective hygiene. This makes access to sufficient clean water supply fundamental and indispensable. Since rural communities tend to be vulnerable to disease outbreaks due to poor standards of hygiene, this study examined the challenges of the rural communities in Enugu West Senatorial District in Nigeria over access to clean water supply and their preparedness to tackle COVID-19 pandemic, following the guidelines from world health experts. The survey showed general awareness of the pandemic in the selected communities. However, 71% neither have access to clean water supply, nor alternative to hand sanitizing agent. A large number of the respondents also acknowledged that availability and accessibility to clean water supply would improve the hygiene culture of the people and as a result curtail the spread of the disease. This study, therefore, recommends that government should intervene by extending water borehole projects and water treatment plants to various rural communities as well as providing maintenance services for non-functional ones.

关键词： Accessibility Availability Challenges COVID-19 Nigeria Water Supply

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Rosmarinic acid ameliorates hypoxia/ischemia induced cognitive deficits and promotes remyelination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 894-902页

作者： Man Li Miao-Miao Cui nwobodo Alexander Kenechukwu Yi-Wei Gu Yu-Lin Chen Si-Jing Zhong Yu-Ting Gao Xue-Yan Cao Li Wang Fu-Min Liu Xiang-Ru Wen Department of Genetics Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Xuzhou Medical University Clinical Medical College XuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Laboratory Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Research Center for Neurobiology and Department of Neurobiology Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Rosmarinic acid,a common ester extracted from Rosemary,Perilla frutescens,and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,has been shown to have protective effects against various *** is an investigation into whether rosmarinic acid can also affect the changes of white matter fibers and cognitive deficits caused by hypoxic *** right common carotid artery of 3-day-old rats was ligated for 2 *** rats were then prewarmed in a plastic container with holes in the lid,which was placed in 37°C water bath for 30 ***,the rats were exposed to an atmosphere with 8% O2 and 92% N2 for 30 minutes to establish the perinatal hypoxia/ischemia injury *** rat models were intraperitoneally injected with rosmarinic acid 20 mg/kg for 5 consecutive *** 22 days after birth,rosmarinic acid was found to improve motor,anxiety,learning and spatial memory impairments induced by hypoxia/ischemia ***,rosmarinic acid promoted the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the subventricular *** hypoxia/ischemia injury,rosmarinic acid reversed to some extent the downregulation of myelin basic protein and the loss of myelin sheath in the corpus callosum of white matter *** acid partially slowed down the expression of oligodendrocyte marker Olig2 and myelin basic protein and the increase of oligodendrocyte apoptosis marker inhibitors of DNA binding *** data indicate that rosmarinic acid ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction after perinatal hypoxia/ischemia injury by improving remyelination in corpus *** study was approved by the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of Xuzhou Medical University,China (approval No.20161636721) on September 16,2017.

关键词： cognitive dysfunction corpus callosum differentiation/DNA binding factor 2 hypoxia/ischemia myelin basic protein myelin sheath remyelination rosmarinic acid

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Effect of Calcination Condition on Thermal Activation of Ibere Clay and Dissolution of Alumina

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International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy 2019年第2期8卷 9-24页

作者： Udochukwu Mark Charles Nwachukwu Anyakwo Okechukwu Onyebuchi Onyemaobi Chijioke Samson nwobodo Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

Bauxite deposits for production of alumina are lacking in Nigeria and there is an aluminium smelter plant in the country which requires alumina for its operation. Development of alternative alumina resource using clays that are abundant in the country is the focus of this paper. The thermal activation of Ibere clay from southeastern Nigeria for optimal leaching of alumina was investigated. The clay assayed 28.52% Al2O3 and 51.6% SiO2, comprising mainly kaolinite mineral and quartz or free silica. The alumina locked up in the clay structure was rendered acid-soluble by thermal activation which transformed the clay from its crystalline nature to an amorphous, anhydrous phase or metakaolinite. The clay samples were heated at calcination temperatures of 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C at holding times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Uncalcined clay samples and samples calcined at 1000°C (holding for 60 minutes) were used in the control experiments. The result of leaching the clay calcines in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature, showed that the clay calcines produced at 600°C (holding for 60 minutes) responded most to leaching. Samples calcined for 60 minutes also responded better than those held for 30 or 90 minutes. Based on activation energy studies, it was observed that calcines produced at 600°C (for 60 minutes) had both the highest leaching response (50.27% after 1 hour at leaching temperature of 100°C) and the lowest activation energy of 24.26 kJ/mol. It is concluded therefore that Ibere kaolinite clay should be best calcined for alumina dissolution by heating up to 600°C and holding for 60 minutes at that temperature. The clay deposit has potential for use as alternative resource for alumina production in Nigeria where bauxite is scarce.

关键词： Ibere Clay Bauxite Kaolinite Alumina Calcination Thermal Activation Leaching

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Determination of the Calcination Procedure Required to Activate Edda Clay for Optimal Leaching of Alumina

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2019年第2期7卷 49-63页

Nigeria is the highest consumer of aluminium in Africa but lacks bauxite deposits. The replacement of bauxite alumina with other alumina bearing resources (clays in particular) has been proposed. The present study investigated the thermal treatment required to activate Edda clay from southeastern Nigeria for optimal leaching of alumina. The clay is composed mainly of kaolinite and quartz, assaying 24.65% Al2O3 and 52.81% SiO2. Thermal activation of the clay prior to leaching transformed the crystalline kaolinite mineral to an amorphous phase (metakaolinite) in which the alumina became soluble. Clay samples passing 300 μm sieve were calcined at temperatures of 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C at holding times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes in each case. The uncalcined clay and sample heated at 1000°C (for 60 minutes) were used in the control experiments. Leaching of alumina from the resulting clay calcines was done in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature using a solid/liquid ratio of 0.02 g/ml and shaking speed of 100 rpm. The solubility data based on the percentage of Al ions taken into leach solution showed that the sample calcined at 700°C (for 60 minutes) responded to leaching better than other samples. Samples calcined for 60 minutes at all temperatures studied were found to respond more than those held for 30 or 90 minutes. Studies on the activation energy of leaching revealed that calcines produced at 700°C (for 60 minutes) had both the highest leaching response (49.96% after 1 hour at leaching temperature of 100°C) and the lowest activation energy of 24.47 kJ/mol. It is concluded therefore that Edda kaolinite clay should be thermally activated for alumina yield by heating up to 700°C and holding for 60 minutes. The clay deposit is therefore a potential alternative resource for alumina production.

关键词： Edda Clay Bauxite Kaolinite Alumina Calcination Thermal Activation Leaching

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Persistent Hiccups Following Use of Oral Dexamethasone: A Report of Two Cases from Abakaliki, Nigeria

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2020年第9期9卷 282-287页

作者： Chukwuemeka O. Eze Thomas O. Nnaji Monday U. nwobodo Internal Medicine Department Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA) Ebonyi State Nigeria

Hiccups are common, usually mild with no obvious cause and often resolve spontaneously. They are classified as transient, persistent and intractable depending on the duration. Drug induced hiccups have been reported in medical literature but not common and corticosteroids are often cited. This report involved 2 male patients who developed persistent hiccups following use of oral dexamethasone for inflammatory conditions. The hiccups were severe and intolerable and could not stop despite use of metoclopramide and chlorpromazine. The hiccups only stopped following discontinuation of the dexamethasone. It should be noted that low dose of dexamethasone was used. Management of dexamethasone induced hiccups involves discontinuation of the drug, steroid rotation if the patient is steroid dependent and use of metoclopramide and chlorpromazine. Clinicians should be aware of this known but rare adverse effect of dexamethasone as it could be severe, distressful and negatively impart patients care. There is a need for a high index of suspicion whenever a patient develops hiccups while taking dexamethasone.

关键词： Persistent Hiccups Following Use of Oral Dexamethasone: A Report of Two Cases from Abakaliki Nigeria

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Conditions for Thermal Activation of Ngwo Clay as an Alternative Resource for Alumina

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Natural Resources 2019年第1期10卷 1-15页

The thermal activation of Ngwo clay from southeastern Nigeria for optimal leaching of alumina was investigated. The clay assayed 24.63% Al2O3 and 52.15% SiO2, comprising mainly kaolinite mineral and free silica or quartz. The alumina locked up in the clay structure was rendered acid-soluble by thermal activation which transformed the clay from its crystalline nature to an amorphous, porous phase or metakaolinite. The clay samples were heated at calcination temperatures of 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C at holding times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Uncalcined clay samples and samples calcined at 1000°C (holding for 60 minutes) were used in the control experiments. After leaching the resulting clay calcines in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature, it was observed that the clay calcines produced at 700°C (holding for 60 minutes) responded most to leaching. Samples calcined for 60 minutes also responded better than those held for 30 or 90 minutes. Based on activation energy studies, it was observed that calcines produced at 700°C (for 60 minutes) had both the highest leaching response (51.84%?after 1 hour at leaching temperature of 100°C) and the lowest activation energy of 25.03 kJ/mol. It is concluded therefore that Ngwo kaolinite clay should?be best calcined for alumina dissolution by heating up to 700°C and holding for 60 minutes at that temperature. The clay deposit has potential for use as alternative resource for alumina production in Nigeria where bauxite is scarce.

关键词： Ngwo Clay Bauxite Kaolinite Alumina Calcination Thermal Activation Leaching

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Mortality Pattern in Intensive Care Unit: Experience at Abakaliki Southeastern Nigeria

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2020年第7期10卷 473-482页

作者： Chukwuemeka O. Eze Francis C. Okoro Thomas Nnaji Monday nwobodo Uma Kalu Richard Ewah Internal Medicine Department Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA) Ebonyi State Nigeria Anaesthesia Department Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA) Ebonyi State Nigeria

Background: An intensive care unit (ICU) is a special unit of a hospital that provides intensive treatment for patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and injuries, which require constant care and close monitoring with life support equipment. The mortality rate is still very high in most ICUs especially in the developing countries due to late presentation of patients, unavailability of well trained staff and lack of life support equipment. There has not been any previous study on the mortality pattern in ICU of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA). It is against this background that we embarked on this retrospective descriptive hospital based study of the mortality pattern in ICU of a Tertiary Hospital in Abakaliki, South-eastern Nigeria. Method: This is a retrospective descriptive hospital based study. The admission and discharge registers of the ICU ward were used to extract information on biodata, diagnosis, duration and outcome of all admissions from January to December 2019 (12 months). Results: A total of 174 (male 113, female 71) patients were admitted over the 12 months period with mean age of 46.31 ± 12.28 years. Seventy-

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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Haemodialysis Care at a Tertiary Centre in South East Nigeria

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2020年第4期10卷 383-387页

作者： Olaronke F. Afolabi Monday U. nwobodo Chukwuemeka O. Eze Ugochukwu U. Nnadozie Department of Internal Medicine Alex-Ekweueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Division of Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery Alex-Ekweueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on health services for patients suffering from chronic diseases. Patients suffering from kidney failure require heamodialysis and this modality of treatment is mostly offered in the hospital. Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on haemodialysis care at a tertiary institution in South East, Nigeria include a reduction in the number of haemodialysis cases during the period of lockdown, an increase in the cost of heamodialysis, scarcity of materials used for the procedure and minor disruption of haemodialylsis care. An improvement in infection control practice at the dialysis unit is observed as a positive effect. It is advocated that the government should assist patients with kidney disease and make the procedure free to ameliorate the health and socio-economic hardships faced by the patients during the pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Heamodialysis Care Nigeria

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