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Using Capsule Networks for Android malware Detection Through Orientation-Based Features

Computers, materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5345-5362页

作者： Sohail Khan Mohammad nauman Suleiman Ali Alsaif Toqeer Ali Syed Hassan Ahmad Eleraky Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies Computer Science DepartmentImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Pakistan Department of Computer Science Islamic University of MedinaMedinaSaudi Arabia

Mobile phones are an essential part of modern *** two popular mobile phone platforms,Android and iPhone Operating System(iOS),have an immense impact on the lives of millions of *** these two,Android currently boasts more than 84%market ***,any personal data put on it are at great risk if not properly *** the other hand,more than a million pieces of malware have been reported on Android in just 2021 till *** and mitigating all this malware is extremely difficult for any set of human *** to this reason,machine learning-and specifically deep learning-has been utilized in the recent past to resolve this ***,deep learning models have primarily been designed for image *** this line of research has shown promising results,it has been difficult to really understand what the features extracted by deep learning models are in the domain of ***,due to the translation invariance property of popular models based on ConvolutionalNeural Network(CNN),the true potential of deep learning for malware analysis is yet to be *** resolve this issue,we envision the use of Capsule Networks(CapsNets),a state-of-the-art model in deep *** argue that since CapsNets are orientation-based in terms of images,they can potentially be used to capture spatial relationships between different features at different locations within a sequence of *** design a deep learning-based architecture that efficiently and effectively handles very large scale malware datasets to detect Androidmalware without resorting to very deep *** leads tomuch faster detection as well as increased *** achieve state-of-the-art F1 score of 0.987 with an FPR of just 0.002 for three very large,real-world malware *** code is made available as open source and can be used to further enhance our work with minimal effort.

关键词： malware security Android deep learning capsule networks

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A Structure Preserving Numerical Method for Solution of Stochastic Epidemic Model of Smoking Dynamics

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Computers, materials & Continua 2020年第10期65卷 263-278页

作者： Ali Raza Muhammad Rafiq nauman Ahmed Ilyas Khan Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar Zafar Iqbal Department of mathematics National College of Business Administration and EconomicsLahorePakistan Faculty of Engineering University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan Department of mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahorePakistan Faculty of mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Department of mathematics College of Arts and Science at Wadi AldawaserPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharjSaudi Arabia

In this manuscript,we consider a stochastic smoking epidemic model from behavioural ***,we develop a structure preserving numerical method to describe the dynamics of stochastic smoking epidemic model in a human *** structural properties of a physical system include positivity,boundedness and dynamical *** properties play a vital role in non-linear *** solution for nonlinear stochastic models necessitates the conservation of these ***,the aforementioned properties of the model have not been restored in the existing stochastic ***,it is essential to construct a structure preserving numerical method for a reliable analysis of stochastic smoking *** usual explicit stochastic numerical methods are time-dependent and violate most of the structural *** this work,we have developed the implicitly driven explicit method for the solution of stochastic smoking *** is also proved that the newly developed method sustains all the aforementioned properties of the ***,the convergence analysis of the newly developed method and graphical illustrations are presented.

关键词： Smoking model stochastic numerical techniques convergence

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Computational Investigation of Hand Foot Mouth Disease Dynamics with Fuzziness

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Computers, materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 4175-4189页

作者： Dumitru Baleanu Fazal Dayan nauman Ahmed Muhammad Rafiq Ali Raza Muhammad Ozair Ahmad Department of mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung406040Taiwan Department of Computer Science and mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Department of mathematics School of ScienceUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of mathematics and Statistics University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan Department of mathematics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Near East University Mathematics Research CenterDepartment of MathematicsNear East Boulevard99138Nicosia/Mersin 10Turkey Department of mathematics Govt.Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College WazirabadPunjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan

The first major outbreak of the severely complicated hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD),primarily caused by enterovirus 71,was reported in Taiwan in *** surveillance is needed to assess the spread of *** parameters we use in mathematical models are usually classical mathematical parameters,called crisp parameters,which are taken for *** any biological or physical phenomenon is best explained by *** represent a realistic situation in any mathematical model,fuzzy parameters can be very *** articles have been published on how to control and prevent HFMD from the perspective of public health and statistical ***,few works use fuzzy theory in building models to *** this context,we examined anHFMD model with fuzzy parameters.A Non Standard Finite Difference(NSFD)scheme is developed to solve the *** developed technique retains essential properties such as positivity and dynamic *** simulations are presented to support the analytical *** convergence and consistency of the proposed method are also *** proposed method converges unconditionally while the many classical methods in the literature do not possess this *** this regard,our proposed method can be considered as a reliable tool for studying the dynamics of HFMD.

关键词： Hand foot mouth disease fuzzy parameters NSFD scheme convergence consistency

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R-IDPS: Real Time SDN-Based IDPS System for IoT Security

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Computers, materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3099-3118页

作者： Noman mazhar Rosli Saleh Reza Zaba Muhammad Zeeshan M.Muzaffar Hameed nauman Khan Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Centre for Research in Industry 4.0 University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia MIMOS Berhad National Applied R&D CentreKuala Lumpur57000Malaysia School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan

The advent of the latest technologies like the Internet of things(IoT)transforms the world from a manual to an automated way of ***,IoT sector open numerous security *** traditional networks,intrusion detection and prevention systems(IDPS)have been the key player in the market to ensure *** challenges to the conventional IDPS are implementation cost,computing power,processing delay,and ***,online machine learning model training has been an *** these challenges still question the IoT network *** has been a lot of research for IoT based detection systems to secure the IoT devices such as centralized and distributed architecture-based detection *** centralized system has issues like a single point of failure and load balancing while distributed system design has scalability and heterogeneity *** this study,we design and develop an agent-based hybrid prevention system based on software-defined networking(SDN)*** system uses lite weight agents with the ability to scaleup for bigger networks and is feasible for heterogeneous IoT *** baseline profile for the IoT devices has been developed by analyzing network flows from all the IoT *** profile helps in extracting IoT device *** features help in the development of our dataset that we use for anomaly *** anomaly detection,support vector machine has been used to detect internet control message protocol(ICMP)flood and transmission control protocol synchronize(TCP SYN)flood *** proposed system based on machine learning model is fully capable of online and offline *** than detection accuracy,the system can fully mitigate the attacks using the software-defined technology SDN *** major goal of the research is to analyze the accuracy of the hybrid agent-based intrusion detection systems as compared to conventional centralized only solutions,especially under the flood attac

关键词： machine learning Internet of things software defined networking distributed denial of service attacks

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A Convolutional Neural Network Model for Wheat Crop Disease Prediction

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Computers, materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 3867-3882页

作者： mahmood Ashraf Mohammad Abrar nauman Qadeer Abdulrahman A.Alshdadi Thabit Sabbah Muhammad Attique Khan Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21577Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Bacha Khan University CharsaddaKhyber Pakhtunkhwa24461Pakistan Department of Computer Science Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience&TechnologyIslamabad45570Pakistan Department of Information Systems and Technology College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21577Saudi Arabia Faculty of Technology and Applied Sciences Al-Quds Open UniversityAl-Bireh1804Palestine Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan

Wheat is the most important cereal crop,and its low production incurs import pressure on the *** fulfills a significant portion of the daily energy requirements of the human *** wheat disease is one of the major factors that result in low production and negatively affects the national ***,timely detection of wheat diseases is necessary for improving *** CNN-based architectures showed tremendous achievement in the image-based classification and prediction of crop ***,these models are computationally expensive and need a large amount of training *** this research,a light weighted modified CNN architecture is proposed that uses eight layers particularly,three convolutional layers,three Softmax layers,and two flattened layers,to detect wheat diseases *** high-resolution images were collected from the fields in Azad Kashmir(Pakistan)and manually annotated by three human *** convolutional layers use 16,32,and 64 *** filter uses a 3×3 kernel *** strides for all convolutional layers are set to *** this research,three different variants of datasets are *** variants S1-70%:15%:15%,S2-75%:15%:10%,and S3-80%:10%:10%(train:validation:test)are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed *** extensive experiments revealed that the S3 performed better than S1 and S2 datasets with 93%*** experiment also concludes that a more extensive training set with high-resolution images can detect wheat diseases more accurately.

关键词： machine learning wheat crop disease prediction convolutional neural network artificial intelligence

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Dynamical Behavior and Sensitivity Analysis of a Delayed Coronavirus Epidemic Model

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Computers, materials & Continua 2020年第10期65卷 225-241页

作者： Muhammad Naveed Dumitru Baleanu Muhammad Rafiq Ali Raza Atif Hassan Soori nauman Ahmed Department of mathematics Air UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of mathematics Cankaya UniversityAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-BucharestRomania Faculty of Engineering University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan Department of mathematics National College of Business Administration and EconomicsLahorePakistan Department of mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahorePakistan

mathematical delay modelling has a significant role in the different disciplines such as behavioural,social,physical,biological engineering,and bio-mathematical *** present work describes mathematical formulation for the transmission mechanism of a novel coronavirus(COVID-19).Due to the unavailability of vaccines for the coronavirus worldwide,delay factors such as social distance,quarantine,travel restrictions,extended holidays,hospitalization,and isolation have contributed to controlling the coronavirus *** have analysed the reproduction number and its sensitivity to ***,R_(covid)>1then this situation will help to eradicate the disease and if,R_(covid)>1 the virus will spread rapidly in the human ***-known theorems such as Routh Hurwitz criteria and Lasalle invariance principle have presented for *** local and global stabilizes for both equilibria of the model have also been ***,we have analysed the effect of delay reason on the reproduction *** the last,some very useful numerical consequences have presented in support of hypothetical analysis.

关键词： Coronavirus(COVID-19) delay mathematical model reproduction number sensitive analysis stability analysis

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Study on histo-biochemical biomarkers of chromium induced toxicity in Labeo rohita

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Emerging Contaminants 2023年第1期9卷 68-75页

作者： Amna Chaudhary Komal gul Javaid Erum Bughio nauman Faisal Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries and WildlifeUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan Department of Poultry Production Faculty of Animal Production and TechnologyShaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesSakrandPakistan

Aquatic environment gets highly polluted due to the presence of heavy metals,which are usually discharged into water bodies because of rapid *** main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of chromium toxicity on histo-biochemical biomarkers of Labeo rohita.A total of 240 randomly selected fish were distributed into four aquaria(n=20).Three groups designated as T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) were exposed with 1/3rd,1/5th and 1/10th of LC_(50) of chromium chloride,and the fourth group was chromium-free control(T0).Results showed a significant(pmatocrit,red blood cells,hemoglobin,mean cell hemoglobin and *** contrast,mean cell volume and white blood cell values increased *** results obtained by comet assay showed that DNA damage was increased significantly(pma,while in the liver is necrosis,dilation of the vein,congestion of blood vessels,hepatocytes degeneration,melano-macrophage centers,pigmentation and *** the kidney,histological alterations such as glomerular destruction,necrosis,damaged blood vessels,oedema and pigmentation were *** results suggest that chromium has the ability to bring variations DNA integrity,histopathology and blood of Labeo rohita.

关键词： Heavy metals Biomarkers Chromium Histopathology DNA damage Labeo rohita

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Metabolomics in drug discovery: Restoring antibiotic pipeline

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亚太热带生物医学杂志:英文版 2023年第9期13卷 378-383页

作者： Faiza Azhar mariam Busharat Shah Rukh Arshad Chaudhary Zainab Waheed Muhammad nauman Jamil Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Punjab University College of PharmacyUniversity of the PunjabLahorePakistan School of Medical Indigenous and Health SciencesUniversity of WollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of General Surgery Lahore General HospitalLahorePakistan Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Hamza College of PharmacyLahorePakistan

Metabolomics has emerged as a valuable tool in drug discovery and development,providing new insights into the mechanisms of action and toxicity of potential therapeutic *** focuses on the comprehensive analysis of primary as well as secondary metabolites,within biological *** provides a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic changes that occur within microbial pathogens when exposed to therapeutic agents,thus allowing for the identification of unique metabolic targets that can be exploited for therapeutic *** approach can also uncover key metabolic pathways essential for survival,which can serve as potential targets for novel *** analyzing the metabolites produced by diverse microbial communities,metabolomics can guide the discovery of previously unexplored sources of *** review explores some examples that enable medicinal chemists to optimize drug structure,enhancing efficacy and minimizing toxicity via metabolomic approaches.

关键词： Metabolomics Infectious diseases Drug discovery Antibiotics Biomarkers

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Roman Urdu News Headline Classification Empowered with machine Learning

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Computers, materials & Continua 2020年第11期65卷 1221-1236页

作者： Rizwan Ali Naqvi Muhammad Adnan Khan nauman ma.ik Shazia Saqib Tahir Alyas Dildar Hussain Department of Unmanned Vehicle Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54000Pakistan School of Computational Sciences Korea Institute for Advanced StudySeoul02455Korea

Roman Urdu has been used for text messaging over the Internet for years especially in Indo-Pak *** from the subcontinent may speak the same Urdu language but they might be using different scripts for *** communication using the Roman characters,which are used in the script of Urdu language on social media,is now considered the most typical standard of communication in an Indian landmass that makes it an expensive information *** Text classification is a solved problem but there have been only a few efforts to examine the rich information supply of Roman Urdu in the *** is due to the numerous complexities involved in the processing of Roman Urdu *** complexities associated with Roman Urdu include the non-availability of the tagged corpus,lack of a set of rules,and lack of standardized spellings.A large amount of Roman Urdu news data is available on mainstream news websites and social media websites like Facebook,Twitter but meaningful information can only be extracted if data is in a structured *** have developed a Roman Urdu news headline classifier,which will help to classify news into relevant categories on which further analysis and modeling can be *** author of this research aims to develop the Roman Urdu news classifier,which will classify the news into five categories(health,business,technology,sports,international).First,we will develop the news dataset using scraping tools and then after preprocessing,we will compare the results of different machine learning algorithms like Logistic Regression(LR),Multinomial Naïve Bayes(MNB),Long short term memory(LSTM),and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).After this,we will use a phonetic algorithm to control lexical variation and test news from different *** preliminary results suggest that a more accurate classification can be accomplished by monitoring noise inside data and by classifying the *** applying above mentioned different machine learnin

关键词： Roman urdu news headline classification long short term memory recurrent neural network logistic regression multinomial naïve Bayes random forest k neighbor gradient boosting classifier

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Stochastic Analysis for the Dynamics of a Poliovirus Epidemic Model

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第7期136卷 257-275页

作者： Ali Raza Dumitru Baleanu Zafar Ullah Khan Muhammad Mohsin nauman Ahmed Muhammad Rafiq Pervez Anwar Department of mathematics Government Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College WazirabadPunjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan Department of mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-Bucharest077125Romania Department of Dermatology Rashid Latif Medical College LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Department of mathematics Technische Universitat ChemnitzChemnitz6209111Germany Department of mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan Department of mathematics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Department of Biochemistry University of SialkotSialkot51311Pakistan

Most developing countries such as Afghanistan,Pakistan,India,Bangladesh,and many more are still fighting against *** to the World Health Organization,approximately eighteen million people have been infected with poliovirus in the last two *** Asia,still,some countries are suffering from the *** stochastic behavior of the poliovirus through the transition probabilities and non-parametric perturbation with fundamental properties are *** basic properties of the deterministic model are studied,equilibria,local stability around the stead states,and reproduction *** maruyama,stochastic Euler,and stochastic Runge-Kutta study the behavior of complex stochastic differential *** main target of this study is to develop a nonstandard computational method that restores dynamical features like positivity,boundedness,and dynamical ***,the existing methods failed to fix the actual behavior of the *** comparison of the proposed approach with existing methods is investigated.

关键词： Poliovirus model differential equations methods analysis

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