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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 improves performance and gut function in broilers fed different levels of protein and/or under necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 185-197页

作者： Kosar Gharib-Naseri Juliano C.P.Dorigam Kiran Doranalli natalie Morgan Robert A.Swick Mingan Choct Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia Evonik Nutrition&Care GmbH Rodenbacher Chaussee 463457 Hanau-WolfgangGermany University of New England Armidale 2351Australia

Two studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECr 5940(BA)as a probiotic on growth performance,amino acid digestibility and bacteria population in broiler chickens under a subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge and/or fed diets with different levels of crude protein(CP).Both studies consisted of a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 480 Ross 308 mix-sexed broiler *** study 1,treatments included 1)NE challenge(+/),and 2)BA(1.0×106 CFU/g of feed)supplementation(+/-).In study 2,all birds were under NE challenge,and treatments were 1)CP level(Standard/Reduced[2%less than standard])and 2)BA(1.0×106 CFU/g of feed)supplementation(+/-).After inducing NE infection,blood samples were taken on d 16 for uric acid evaluation,and cecal samples were collected for bacterial *** both studies,ileal digesta was collected on d 35 for nutrient digestibility *** study 1,the NE challenge reduced body weight gain(BWG),supressed feed conversion ratio(FCR)and serum uric acid levels(P<0.001).Supplementation of BA increased BWG(P<0.001)and reduced FCR(P=0.043)across dietary treatments,regardless of ***(P=0.030)and Ruminococcus(P=0.029)genomic DNA copy numbers and concentration of butyrate(P=0.017)were higher in birds fed the diets supplemented with *** study 2,reduced protein(RCP)diets decreased BWG(P=0.010)and uric acid levels in serum(P<0.001).Supplementation of BA improved BWG(P=0.001)and FCR(P=0.005)and increased Ruminococcus numbers(P=0.018)and butyrate concentration(P=0.033)in the ceca,regardless of dietary CP ***,addition of BA reduced Clostridium perfringens numbers only in birds fed with RCP diets(P=0.039).At d 35,BA sup-plemented diets showed higher apparent ileal digestibility of cystine(P=0.013),valine(P=0.020),and lysine(P=0.014).In conclusion,this study suggests positive effects of BA supplementation in broiler diets via modulating gut microflora and improving nutrient upta

关键词： Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Necrotic enteritis Growth performance Reduced protein diet Bacteria population Gut function

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Protease supplementation reduced the heat increment of feed and improved energy and nitrogen partitioning in broilers fed maize-based diets with supplemental phytase and xylanase

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 19-25页

作者： Klint W.McCafferty Mingan Choct Sosthene Musigwa natalie K.Morgan Aaron J.Cowieson Amy F.Moss USDA-ARS Poultry Research Unit School of Environmental and Rural SciencesMississippi State39762United States University of New England ArmidaleNSW2351Australia DSM Nutritional Products Kaiseraugst4303Switzerland

An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of digestible amino acid(dAA)concentrations and supplemental protease on live performance and energy partitioning in *** 308 male broilers(n?288)were distributed into 24 floor pens and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates from 1 to 35 d of *** treatments consisted of a 2×2 factorial arrangement with dAA concentrations(standard and reduced[34 g/kg below standard])and supplemental protease(without or with)as the main *** 1,15,28,and 35 d of age,feed and broilerswereweighed to determine live ***20 to 23 d of age,a total of 32 birds(2 birds/chamber,4 replicates)were placed in closed-calorimeter chambers to determine respiratory exchange(heat production,HP),apparent metabolisable energy(AME),retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE).From 29 to 35 d of age,supplemental protease in the reduced-dAA diet decreased broiler feed conversion ratio(FCR)by 5.6 points,whereas protease supplementation in the standard-dAA diet increased FCR by 5.8 *** indirect calorimetry assay revealed that supplemental protease decreased(P<0.05)the heat increment of feed(HIF)by 0.22 MJ/***,from 20 to 23 d of age,broilers offered the reduced-dAA diet with supplemental protease had a higher daily body weight gain(BWG)(t10.4%),N intake(t7.1%),and N retention(t8.2%)than those offered the standard-dAA with supplemental *** offered the reduced-dAA without supplemental protease exhibited a 3.6%higher AME-to-crude protein(CP)ratio than those offered other *** supplementation in the standard-and reduced-dAA diets resulted in 2.7%and 5.6%lower AME intake-to-N retention ratios,respectively,compared with the unsupplemented ***-dAA increased(P<0.05)AME intake(t4.8%),RE(t9.8%),NE intake(t5.8%),NE intake-to-CP ratio(t3.0%),and RE fat-to-RE ratio(t8.6%).Protease supplementation increased(P<0.05)respiratory quotient(t1.2%)and N retention-to-N intake ratio(t2.2%),

关键词： Exogenous enzyme Mono-component protease Net energy Amino acid

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乌干达野生动物研究中心外来黑猩猩融入笼养群体的过程(英文)

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动物学报 2007年第3期53卷 399-407页

作者： natalie MUKODA Mnason TWEHEYO Department of Forest Biology and Ecosystems Management P.O Box 7062 Makerere University Kampala Uganda

1967至1997的30年间,生活在非洲热带地区自然栖息地的野生黑猩猩数量由60万降至不足20万,至今这个数字仍在减少,因此引起了全球的关注并急需要开展迁地保护。笼养黑猩猩与野外种群一样营群居生活,为了有效进行野生黑猩猩的迁地保护,将... 详细信息

1967至1997的30年间,生活在非洲热带地区自然栖息地的野生黑猩猩数量由60万降至不足20万,至今这个数字仍在减少,因此引起了全球的关注并急需要开展迁地保护。笼养黑猩猩与野外种群一样营群居生活,为了有效进行野生黑猩猩的迁地保护,将野外捕获的野生黑猩猩个体成功引入已在动物园的黑猩猩群体中十分必要。2004年10月至2005年3月,乌干达野生动物研究中心首先开展了这一实验。同时为更好地了解外来黑猩猩融入笼养群体的过程,2006年9月至2007年1月间收集其活动数据。选取5只黑猩猩个体并记录它们的食性、行为、体重变化及身体健康状况。除直接观察和记录外,与兽医和研究中心管理人员进行合作,以获取较多笼养个体的信息。我们发现,野生个体比笼养个体多病,因此影响了它们的取食、社会行为及活动水平。尽管笼养黑猩猩有人照料,但仍具备野生个体的行为,所以,理解外来黑猩猩融入笼养群体的过程对于黑猩猩的迁地保护和就地保护是非常重要的。

关键词：黑猩猩保护迁地保护就地保护融入起源乌干达野生动物研究中心

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Predicting early outcomes of liver transplantation in young children: The EARLY study

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第1期10卷 62-72页

作者： Rashid Alobaidi natalie Anton Dominic Cave Elham Khodayari Moez Ari R Joffe Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine University of Alberta and Stollery Children’s Hospital School of Public Health University of Alberta

AIM To determine potentially modifiable predictors of early outcomes after liver transplantation in children of age < 3 *** This study was a retrospective chart review including all consecutive children of age less than 3-years-old having had a liver transplant done at the Western Canadian referral center from June 2005 to June ***-specified potential predictor variables and primary and secondary outcomes were recorded using standard definitions and a case report form. Associations between potential predictor variables and outcomes were determined using univariate and multiple logistic [odds ratio(OR); 95%CI] or linear(effect size, ES; 95%CI) regressions. RESULTS There were 65 children, of mean age 11.9(SD 7.1) mo and weight 8.5(2.1) kg, with biliary-atresia in 40(62%), who had a living related donor [LRD; 29(45%)], split/reduced [21(32%)] or whole liver graft [15(23%)]. Outcomes after liver transplant included: ventilator-days of 12.5(14.1); pediatric intensive care unit mortality of 5(8%); re-operation in 33(51%), hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT) in 12(19%), portal vein thrombosis(PVT) in 11(17%), and any severe complication(HAT, PVT, bile leak, bowel perforation, intraabdominal infection, retransplant, or death) in 32(49%) patients. Predictors of the prespecified primary outcomes on multiple regression were:(1) HAT: split/reduced(OR 0.06; 0.01, 0.76; P = 0.030) or LRD(OR 0.16; 0.03, 0.95; P = 0.044) vs whole liver graft; and(2) ventilator-days: surgeon(P < 0.05), lowest antithrombin(AT) postoperative day 2-5(ES-0.24;-0.47,-0.02; P = 0.034), and split/reduced(ES-12.5;-21.8,-3.2; P = 0.009) vs whole-liver graft. Predictors of the pre-specified secondary outcomes on multiple regression were:(1) any thrombosis: LRD(OR 0.10; 0.01, 0.71; P = 0.021) or split/reduced(OR 0.10; 0.01, 0.85; P = 0.034) vs whole liver graft, and lowest AT postoperative day 2-5(OR 0.93; 0.87, 0.99; P = 0.038); and(2) any severe complication: surgeon(P < 0.05), lowest AT postoperat

关键词： Liver transplantation Pediatric Complications Thrombosis Antithrombin

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Function coupling of otoferlin with GAD65 acts to modulate GABAergic activity

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2015年第2期7卷 168-179页

作者： Wu Wu Mona N.Rahman Jun Guo natalie Roy Lihua Xue Catherine M.Cahill Shetuan Zhang Zongchao Jia Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntario K7L 3N6Canada Department of Anesthesiology&Perioperative Care University of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA

Otoferlin,an integral membrane protein implicated in a late stage of exocytosis,has been reported to play a critical role in hearing although the underlying mechanisms remain ***,its widespread tissue distribution infers a more ubiquitous role in synaptic vesicle ***,an excitatory neurotransmitter,is converted to its inhibitory counterpart,g-aminobutyric acid(GABA),by L-glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD),which exists in soluble(GAD67)and membrane-bound(GAD65)*** the first time,we have revealed a close association between otoferlin and GAD65 in both HEK293 and neuronal cells,including SHSY5Y neuroblastoma and primary rat hippocampus cells,showing a direct interaction between GAD65 and otoferlin’s C2 *** primary rat hippocampus cells,otoferlin and GAD65 co-localized in a punctate pattern within the cell body,as well as in the axon along the path of vesicular ***,GABA is virtually abolished in otoferlin-knockdown neuronal cells whereas otoferlin overexpression markedly increases endogenous *** attenuation in otoferlin-knockdown primary cells is correlated with diminished L-type calcium *** previously unknown and close correlation demonstrates that otoferlin,through GAD65,modulates GABAergic *** discovery of otoferlin–GAD65 functional coupling provides a newavenue for understanding the molecular mechanism by which otoferlin functions in neurological pathways.

关键词： otoferlin GAD65 GABA neurotransmitter exocytosis

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Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis:Part ***,intestinal lesions and pH,bacterial counts and apparent ileal digestibility

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第4期6卷 313-324页

作者： Holy K.Zanu Sarbast K.Kheravii natalie K.Morgan Michael R.Bedford Robert A.Swick School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNEW 2351Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUnited Kingdow

This feeding study investigated the hypothesis that over-processing of meat and bone meal(MBM)would impair the performance,gut health and ileal digestibility of nutrients in birds challenged with necrotic enteritis(NE).The effect of phytase(500 vs.5,000 FTU/kg)was also examined using manufacturers recommended matrix values for 500 FTU for both *** 308 male broilers(n=768)were assigned to 8 diets,with 6 replicate pens per diet and 16 birds per replicate pen using a randomized design with a factorial arrangement of *** were NE challenge(no or yes),MBM(as received or overprocessed),and phytase level(500 or 5,000 FTU/kg).Half of the birds were challenged with 5,000 oocysts of field strains of Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria brunetti,and 2,500 oocysts of Eimeria maxima on d 9 and 10^8 CFU/mL of Clostridium perfringens strain EHE-NE18 on d 14 and 15 ***×MBM interactions were detected for weight gain(WG),feed conversion ratio(FCR)and feed intake(FI)at d 14,21 and 28,showing that challenged birds fed over-processed MBM had decreased WG(P0.05)at d *** fed low phytase had increased livability(P<0.05)at d *** challenge increased the prevalence and severity of NE induced lesions in the jejunum(P<0.05)and ileum(P<0.05).The birds fed over-processed MBM had decreased pH in the jejunum(P<0.05)and ileum(P<0.05)at d *** phytase increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Ca(P<0.05)and P(P<0.05),and over-processed MBM increased AID of carbon(C;P<0.05)and Ca(P<0.05)at d *** challenge increased the caecal counts of Lactobacillus spp.(P<0.05)and ***(P<0.05)at d *** results indicated that supplementation of diets with high phytase reduces the negative impact on performance from over-processed MBM during NE as a result of increased nutrient digestibility.

关键词： Broilers Indigestible proteins Meat and bone meal Necrotic enteritis Phytase

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Electroacupuncture alleviates stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity through an opioid system in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第48期18卷 7201-7211页

作者： Yuan-Yuan Zhou natalie J Wanner Ying Xiao Xuan-Zheng Shi Xing-Hong Jiang Jian-Guo Gu Guang-Yin Xu Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Pain Research and Therapy Soochow Uni-versity Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu Province China Divisionof Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77555-0655United States Department of Anesthesiology and the GraduateProgram in Neuroscience University of Cincinnati College ofMedicine Cincinnati OH 45267-0531 United States

AIM:To investigate whether stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity could be alleviated by electroacupuncture(EA) and whether EA effect was mediated by endogenous ***:Six to nine week-old male SpragueDawley rats were used in this *** hypersensitivity was induced by a 9-d heterotypic intermittent stress(HIS) protocol composed of 3 randomly stressors,which included cold restraint stress at 4?℃ for 45 min,water avoidance stress for 60 min,and forced swimming stress for 20 min,in adult male *** extent of visceral hypersensitivity was quantified by electromyography or by abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR) scores of colorectal distension at different distention pressures(20 mmHg,40 mmHg,60 mmHg and 80 mmHg).AWR scores either 0,1,2,3 or 4 were obtained by a blinded *** or sham EA was performed at classical acupoint ST-36(Zu-San-Li) or BL-43(Gao-Huang) in both hindlimbs of rats for 30 ***(NLX) or NLX methiodide(m-NLX) was administered intraperitoneally to HIS rats in some ***:HIS rats displayed an increased sensitivity to colorectal distention,which started from 6 h(the first measurement),maintained for 24 h,and AWR scores returned to basal levels at 48 h and 7 d after HIS compared to pre-HIS baseline at different distention *** AWR scores before HIS were 0.6 ± 0.2,1.3 ± 0.2,1.9 ± 0.2 and 2.3 ± 0.2 for 20 mmHg,40 mmHg,60 mmHg and 80 mmHg distention pressures,*** hours after termination of the last stressor,the AWR scores were 2.0 ± 0.1,2.5 ± 0.1,2.8 ± 0.2 and 3.5 ± 0.2 for 20 mmHg,40 mmHg,60 mmHg and 80 mmHg distention pressures,*** given at classical acupoint ST-36 in both hindlimbs for 30 min significantly attenuated the hypersensitive responses to colorectal distention in HIS rats compared with sham EA treatment [AWRs at 20 mmHg:2.0 ± 0.2 vs 0.7 ± 0.1,P = 4.23 711 E-4;AWRs at 40 mmHg:2.6 ± 0.2 vs 1.5 ± 0.2,P = 0.00 163;AWRs at 60 mmHg:3.1 ± 0.2 vs 1.9 ± 0.1,P = 0.003;AWRs at 80

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Visceral pain Electroacupuncture Opioid pathway Stress

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In One Ear and Out the Other

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科技英语学习 2009年第5期 6-9页

作者： natalie Angier 王利斌

“一个耳朵进一个耳朵出”大多是由于心不在焉。有关人类记忆深层结构的研究却发现，笑话的记忆并非完全如此。这是因为，笑话的展开通常有悖常理，以细节取胜，且其幽默特质在某种程度上也会分散人们的注意力；而受工作记忆存储量的限... 详细信息

“一个耳朵进一个耳朵出”大多是由于心不在焉。有关人类记忆深层结构的研究却发现，笑话的记忆并非完全如此。这是因为，笑话的展开通常有悖常理，以细节取胜，且其幽默特质在某种程度上也会分散人们的注意力；而受工作记忆存储量的限制，人们即使用心，也很难以大脑擅长的组块形式更好地对笑话进行编码记忆。

关键词：人类记忆深层结构存储量

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Keeping an ear out:size relationship of the tympanic bullae and pinnae in bandicoots and bilbies(Marsupialia:Peramelemorphia)

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 251-264页

作者： Melissa C.TAYLOR Kenny J.TRAVOUILLON Margaret E.ANDREW Patricia A.FLEMING natalie M.WARBURTON Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch University90 South StMurdochWA 6150Australia Collections and Research Western Australian MuseumWelshpoolWA 6106Australia

Bandicoots and bilbies(Order Peramelemorphia)occupy a broad range of habitats across Australia and New Guinea,from open,arid deserts to dense *** once diverse group has been particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and introduced eutherian predators,and numerous species extinctions and range retractions have *** reasons for this loss requires greater understanding of their *** of the pinnae and tympanic bullae varies markedly among *** hearing is important for both predator avoidance and prey location,the variability in ear morphology could reflect specialization and adaptation to specific environments,and therefore be of conservation *** measured 798 museum specimens representing 29 species of *** for phylogenetic relatedness and head length,pinna surface area was weakly negatively correlated with average precipitation(rainfall being our surrogate measure of vegetation productivity/complexity),and there were no environmental correlates with effective diameter(pinna width).Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and skull length,tympanic bulla volume was negatively correlated with *** that inhabited drier habitats,which would be open and allow sound to carry further with less obstruction,had relatively larger pinnae and tympanic *** contrast,species from higher rainfall habitats,where sounds would be attenuated and diffused by dense vegetation,had the smallest pinnae and bullae,suggesting that low-frequency hearing is not as important in these *** with temperature did not reach statistical *** findings highlight linkages between hearing traits and habitat that can inform conservation and management strategies for threatened species.

关键词： external ear hearing ecology marsupial middle ear sound perception

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Perceived barriers and facilitators of day-case surgery for major foot and ankle procedures?A cross-sectional survey of United Kingdom surgeons

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第4期14卷 248-259页

作者： Amber Berry Linzy Houchen-Wolloff natalie Crane David Townshend Robert Clayton Jitendra Mangwani Department of Physiotherapy Spire HospitalLeicester LE22FFUnited Kingdom Department of Physiotherapy University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom Department of Orthopaedics Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustNorth Sheilds NE298NHUnited Kingdom Department of Orthopaedics Victoria HospitalKirkcaldy KY25AHUnited Kingdom Academic Team of Musculoskeletal Surgery University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Advances in minimally invasive surgery and improved post-operative pain management make it possible to consider performing even major foot/ankle operations as *** could have significant benefits for patients and the health *** there are theoretical concerns about post-operative complications and patient satisfaction due to *** To scope the current practice of foot and ankle surgeons on day-case surgery for major foot and ankle procedures in the United Kingdom(UK).METHODS An online survey(19 questions)was sent to UK foot and ankle surgeons via the British Orthopaedic Foot&Ankle Society membership list in August *** foot and ankle procedures were defined as surgery that is usually performed as an inpatient in majority of centres and day-case as same day discharge,with day surgery as the intended treatment *** 132 people responded to the survey invitation with 80%working in Acute NHS *** 45%of respondents perform less than 100 day-case surgeries per year for these procedures.78%felt that there was scope to perform more procedures as day-case at their ***-operative pain(34%)and patient satisfaction(10%)was not highly measured within their *** of adequate physiotherapy input pre/post-operatively(23%)and lack of out of hours support(21%)were the top perceived barriers to performing more major foot and ankle procedures as *** There is consensus among UK surgeons to do more major foot/ankle procedures as *** of hours support and physiotherapy input pre/post-op were perceived as the main *** theoretical concerns about post-operative pain and satisfaction this was only measured by a third of those *** is a need for nationally agreed protocols to optimise the delivery of and measurement of outcomes in this type of *** a local level,the provision of physiotherapy and out of hours support should be explored at sites where this is a percei

关键词： Day-case Foot Ankle Physiotherapy Survey

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