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Sewage sludge composting simulation as carbon/nitrogen concentration change

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第11期23卷 1925-1928页

作者： nassereldeen kabbashi Bio-Environmental Research Unit Department of Biotechnology Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Jalan GombakP.O.Box 1050728Malaysia

Available composting models do not describe accurately the dynamics of composting *** in modeling composting processes is attributed mainly to the unpredicted change in process rate caused by change in activation energy value （E）.This article presented the results of an attempt made to utilize patterns of change in carbon,nitrogen and temperature profiles to model sewage sludge composting process as a multi-stage *** of controlled sewage sludge composting experiments were used in the *** the experiments were carried out as batch experiments in a 300-liter Horizontal Drum Bioreactor （HDB）.Analysis of the profiles of carbon,nitrogen and temperature has indicated that there were clear patterns that could be used to develop simple models of the process,the initial C/N ratio was between 7–8 and the final C/N ratio of the compost in most experiments were found to be around 15.0,indicating the compost was fully matured and could be used safely for agricultural *** conductivity of composting material decreased from 1.83 to 1.67 dS/m,after a period,it increased gradually from 2.01 to 2.23 dS/m and remained at around 2.33 dS/m till the end of *** is found that change in the concentration of total carbon can reasonably be described by three constant process rate coefficients （k 1,k 2,k 3 ）.It is found that the process starts with a certain process rate coefficient （k 1 ） and continues until peak temperature is reached,then it reaches lower process （k 2 ） in the declining phase of the thermophilic stage,and finally it proceeds with a faster process rate （k 3 ） when maturation is *** in the concentration of total nitrogen has shown to have the same patterns of change as carbon.

关键词： composting sewage sludge HDB modeling reaction rate

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Kinetic adsorption of application of carbon nanotubes for Pb(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第4期21卷 539-544页

作者： nassereldeen A kabbashi Muataz A Atieh Abdullah Al-Mamun Mohamed E S Mirghami MD Z Alam Noorahayu Yahya Bio-Environmental Research Unit Department of Biotechnology Engineering International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Gombak 50728 Malaysia Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Group Department of Biotechnology Engineering International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Gombak 507283 Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering King Fahd University for Petroleum and MineralSaudi Arabia

The capability of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） to adsorb lead （Pb） in aqueous solution was investigated. Batch mode adsorption experiment was conducted to determine the effects of pH, agitation speed, CNTs dosage and contact time. The removal of Pb（II） reached maximum value 85% or 83% at pH 5 or 40 mg/L of CNTs, respectively. Higher correlation coefficients from Langmuir isotherm model indicates the strong adsorptions of Pb（II） on the surface of CNTs （adsorption capacity Xm = 102.04 mg/g）. The results indicates that the highest percentage removal of Pb （96.03%） can be achieved at pH 5, 40 mg/L of CNTs, contact time 80 min, and agitation speed 50 r/min.

关键词： lead removal carbon nanotubes kinetic modeling adsorption

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Comparative study of the characterisation and extraction techniques of polyphenolic compounds from Acacia seyal gum

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第1期6卷 24-33页

作者： Ahmed A.M.Elnour Mohamed E.S.Mirghani nassereldeen A.kabbashi Khalid Hamid Musa Fahimeh Shahabipour Nureddin Ashammakhi Nour Hamid Abdurahman International Institute for Halal Research and Training International Islamic University MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre Biotechnology Engineering DepartmentKuliyah of EngineeringInternational Islamic University MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Institute of Gum Arabic&Desertification Studies University of KordofanElobiedSudan Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition College of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineQassim UniversityBuraydahKingdom of SaudiArabia Skin Research Centre Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Bioengineering Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow University Malaysia PahangGambangMalaysia

Background Acacia seyal gum(ASG)is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic compounds(NPPCs)and antioxidant activity with numerous benefits and is often used in cancer *** type of extraction technique can significantly impact the yield and isolation of NPPCs from *** traditional use of maceration extraction reportedly yields fewer *** This study investigated five extraction techniques for NPPCs and ASG antioxidant activity,namely:homogenisation,shaking,ultrasonication,magneticstirring,*** and methods The evaluation of the antioxidant activity(AoA)of the extracted NPPCs from ASG used five assays,namely:total flavonoids content,Folin-Ciocalteu index,2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity,ferric reducing antioxidant power,and cupric *** To minimise the data set dimensionality requires principal component *** ultrasonic and maceration techniques were the best techniques to extract NPPCs and examine the AoA of ASG,with a high correlation between the NPPCs and ***,the maceration process was slow(12 h)compared to ultrasonication(1 h).Slow extraction can result in a decline of the NPPCs due to polyphenol oxidase-enzyme and impact *** These findings provide an essential guide for the choice of extraction techniques for the effective extraction of NPPCs from ASG and other plant materials.

关键词： Polyphenolic extraction gum Arabic comparison of techniques principal component analysis ultrasonication

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Comparative Analysis of Polyphenolic and Antioxidant Constituents in Dried Seedlings and Seedless Acacia nilotica Fruits

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2018年第4期2卷 352-355页

作者： Amani AbdErahman Olalere Olusegun Abayomi AbdElhafiz Eltahir Ahmed Abdurahman Hamid Nour Rosli bin Mohd Yunus Ghada Mohamed Ibrahim nassereldeen Ahmed kabbashi Faculty of Science and Technology Omdurman Islamic UniversityOmdurmanSudan Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Universiti Malaysia PahangGambangMalaysia Faculty of Animal Production Bahri UniversityBahriSudan International Islamic University Malaysia MalaysiaKOEBTE EngineeringKuala LumpurMalaysia

The phenolic and antioxidant constituents in Acacia nilotica fruits have become an important source of medicinal and thera-peutic benefit with powerful biological *** study investigated the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of powdered Acacia fruits with seeds and without *** phenolic content and antioxidant capacities in them were deter-mined using Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH free radical-scavenging *** total phenolic and antioxidants of *** with seeds were spectrophotometrically determined to be 47.61 and 6.18%greater than when the seeds were removed from the dried fruits,*** LC-MS/QTOF analysis shows the presence of 282 and 214 phenolic compounds in the methanol extracts of *** with seeds and without seeds,*** present study,therefore,revealed that dried *** fruits with seeds have higher total phenolic content,antioxidant capacity,and bioactive constituents,which indi-cated that they have more medicinal value than fruits without seeds.

关键词： Acacia nilotica Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Total phenolic content DPPH antioxidant capacity

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Advancement in the Utilization of Biomass-Derived Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biodiesel Production

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2018年第1期8卷 74-91页

作者： Nurudeen Ishola Mohammed nassereldeen Ahmed kabbashi Abass Olanrewaju Alade Sarina Sulaiman Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC) Department of Biotechnology Engineering Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

Solid oxide catalysts derived from various renewable sources have produced significant yield of methyl esters of enhanced purity. These materials are sourced for due to their advantages ranging from low cost, recoverability and reusability, environmental benign-ness, thermal stability and high quality product generation. For a possible greener production process, many researchers in literature reported the use of biomass-derived heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis producing high quality pure product. The catalysts were majorly modified through simple physical cost effective and energy saving operations. This paper explores some of these bio-based heterogeneous catalyst used in biodiesel production via transesterification and esterification approach and their performance in FAME yield and conversion. The feedstock consideration which warrant the route selection, various approaches that are adopted in biodiesel production, performance of renewable heterogeneous catalyst and the measures that were adopted to enhance efficiency of the catalyst were considerably highlighted. It is observed that the prospects of organic-based solid catalyst in biodiesel development is a promising enterprise compared to the conventional methods utilizing homogeneous chemical catalyst, which generates wastewater requiring treatment before disposal and generates product that may cause engine malfunction. This review work aimed at providing detailed and up-to-date record of the trend in renewable catalyst development in biodiesel synthesis. This is expected to inform a suitable selection and reaction conditions in the development of biodiesel from the very many feed stocks.

关键词： Biodiesel Feed Stocks Catalysis Catalyst Performance Biomass-Derived Catalysts

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Optimization of <i>Jatropha</i>Biodiesel Production by Response Surface Methodology

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2021年第1期11卷 23-37页

作者： Nurudeen Ishola Mohammed nassereldeen Ahmed kabbashi Md Zahangir Alam Mohamed Elwathig S. Mirghani Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC) Department of Biotechnology Engineering Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department School of Engineering RMIT University Victoria Australia International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART) (IIUM) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Cost of biodiesel is primarily because of factors such as the feedstock, production process and materials. Apparently, the final biodiesel product is a bit expensive compared to fossil diesel fuel. While non-food feedstock of high oil content such as Jatropha curcas has been proposed to reduce the cost due to the feedstock, a promising two-step approach of hydro-esterification can possibly offset the production cost for oil resource with high free fatty acids. Most importantly, optimization of the materials and process is expected to reduce wastage, enhance product purity and generate less wastewater. However, optimizing product generation has been dauntingly elusive because several parameters are needed to be considered holistically. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the yield and conversion of Jatropha biodiesel from J. curcas hydrolysate. An optimum Yield and conversion of 96% was achieved for both responses with an optimum temperature value of 60°C, 4 wt% for catalyst loading for 6 hrs reaction time. Findings imply that optimization study of Jatropha curcas hydrolysate for yield and conversion of fatty acid methyl esters using face centered central composite design of Design Expert 6.0.8 can ensure purity of product, conserve energy and reduce waste generation providing a significant frontier in biodiesel pricing.

关键词： Jatropha curcas Esterification Optimization Yield Conversion

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Characterization and Functionalisation of Activated Carbon for the Enhancement of Enzyme Catalyst Activity

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2021年第2期11卷 81-87页

作者： nassereldeen A kabbashi Yara Hunud Abia Kadouf Ibrahim Adebayo Bello Elwathig M.Saeed Lubna Mohamed Musa nassereldeen Ahmed kabbashi Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre(BERC) Department of Biotechnology Engineering(BTE)Kulliyyah of Engineering(KOE)International Islamic University Malaysia(IIUM)P.O.Box 10Gombak 50728KLMalaysia International Institute for Halal Research and Training(INHART) IIUM GombakKLMalaysia Department of Horticultural Sciences Faculty of AgricultureGezira UniversitySudan 不详

Background and objective:Activated carbon is commonly used as an immobilisation matrix due to its large surface area,making it a highly desirable matrix for use in immobilising enzymes as preparation for use on the industrial *** objective of this research is to determine the effectiveness of different acids for functionalisation on immobilisation capacity and also to characterize the functionalized activated carbon for the functional groups *** and methods:Activated carbon was functionalised with three acids(hydrochloric acid,nitric acid and sulphuric acid)along with a control sample washed with distilled *** capacity was calculated with hydrochloric acid functionalized activated carbon(HCl-FAC)giving the highest immobilization capacity(6.022 U/g).Characterisation of the functionalised activated carbon was conducted using FT-IR(Fourier Transform Infra-Red)spectroscopy analysis of the samples with the aim of analyzing the various functional groups present to determine the sample with distinct characteristics thus telling the degree of adsorption of lipase onto the activated carbon ***:HNO3-FAC(functionalized activated carbon)showed a very distinct pattern as a larger number of surface functional groups *** immobilisation on a matrix ensures thermal stability and increased reusability of the ***,in this research,lipase sourced from Candida antarctica was immobilised on acid functionalised activated *** best acid for functionalisation was found to be hydrochloric ***:Due to the very distinct patterns shown by the FT-IR spectrum of the HNO3-FAC after a fair comparison with others,it allows for a larger number of surface functional groups which will definitely enhance the stability of the enzyme lipase.

关键词： Activated carbon characterization functionalized activated carbon enzyme activity

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