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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第35期22卷 7973-7982页

作者： mohammad s khuroo ajaz a rather naira s khuroo mehnaaz s khuroo sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical sciences Srinagar Kashmir 190010India Digestive Diseases Centre Dr.Khuroo’s medical ClinicSrinagarKashmir 190010India Department of surgery SKIMS Medical College and HospitalBeminaSrinagarKashmir 190010India Consultant Radiology Digestive Diseases CentreDr.Khuroo’s Medical ClinicSrinagarKashmir 190010India Department of Pathology Govt.Medical CollegeSrinagarKashmir 190001India

Portal biliopathy refers to cholangiographic abnormalities which occur in patients with portal cavernoma. These changes occur as a result of pressure on bile ducts from bridging tortuous paracholedochal, epicholedochal and cholecystic veins. Bile duct ischemia may occur due prolonged venous pressure effect or result from insufficient blood supply. In addition, encasement of ducts may occur due fibrotic cavernoma. Majority of patients are asymptomatic. Portal biliopathy is a progressive disease and patients who have long standing disease and more severe bile duct abnormalities present with recurrent episodes of biliary pain, cholangitis and cholestasis. serum chemistry, ultrasound with color Doppler imaging, magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance portovenography are modalities of choice for evaluation of portal biliopathy. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography being an invasive procedure is indicated for endotherapy only. Management of portal biliopathy is done in a stepwise manner. First, endotherapy is done for dilation of biliary strictures, placement of biliary stents to facilitate drainage and removal of bile duct calculi. Next portal venous pressure is reduced by formation of surgical porto-systemic shunt or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. This causes significant resolution of biliary changes. Patients who persist with biliary symptoms and bile duct changes may benefit from surgical biliary drainage procedures(hepaticojejunostomy or choledechoduodenostomy).

关键词： Biliary disease Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction Portal cavernoma Bile duct strictures Bile duct calculi

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Hepatitis E: Discovery, global impact, control and cure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第31期22卷 7030-7045页

作者： Mohammad s khuroo Mehnaaz s khuroo naira s khuroo Digestive Diseases Centre Dr. Khuroo's medical Clinic Srinagar Kashmir 190010 India sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical sciences Srinagar Kashmir 190010 India Department of Pathology Govt. Medical College Srinagar Kashmir 190001 India

Hepatitis E was identified as an epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis from Kashmir, India in 1978. Hepatitis E virus(HEV), the etiological agent is the sole member of family Hepeviridae. The virus has marked heterogeneity and infects many animals like bats, camel, chicken, deer, boar, mongoose, pigs, rats, rabbit and cutthroat trout. Hepatitis E is a disease with a major global impact and has two distinct epidemiological patterns. Hepatitis E is an imperative health issue in developing nations, transmitted through sullied water and happens most every now in young adults. The disease is particularly severe during pregnancy and in people with underlying liver cirrhosis. Autochthonous hepatitis E is increasingly recognized in developed countries. The virus infects domestic pigs, wild boar and sika deer in these countries. HEV infections in humans occur by eating the undercooked game flesh, raw liver from supermarkets and Figatelli sausages. Blood transfusion-associated HEV infections occur in many countries and screening of donors for HEV RNA is under consideration. Hepatitis E causes a number of extrahepatic diseases, including a wide spectrum of neurological syndromes. HEV genotype 3 causes prolonged viremia, chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in organ transplant patients. The virus is amenable to ribavirin monotherapy and most patients clear the virus in a few weeks. Hepatitis E vaccine-239, marketed in China, has shown high efficacy with sustained protection for over four years.

关键词： Communicable diseases Discovery Hepatitis E Hepatitis E virus Vaccine Zoonosis

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Hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第33期22卷 7507-7517页

作者： Mohammad s khuroo Ajaz A Rather naira s khuroo Mehnaaz s khuroo sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical sciences Srinagar Kashmir 190010 India Digestive Diseases Centre Dr. Khuroo's medical Clinic Srinagar Kashmir 190010 India Department of surgery SKIMS Medical College and Hospital Bemina Srinagar Kashmir 190010 India Consultant Radiology Digestive Diseases Centre Dr. Khuroo's Medical Clinic Srinagar Kashmir 190010 India Department of Pathology Govt. Medical College Srinagar Kashmir 190001 India

Hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis(HPA) was described as a clinical entity from Kashmir,India in 1985. HPA is caused by invasion and migration of nematode,Ascaris lumbricoides,in to the biliary tract and pancreatic duct. Patients present with biliary colic,cholangitis,cholecystitis,hepatic abscesses and acute pancreatitis. Ascarides traverse the ducts repeatedly,get trapped and die,leading to formation of hepatolithiasis. HPA is ubiquitous in endemic regions and in Kashmir,one such region,HPA is the etiological factor for 36.7%,23%,14.5% and 12.5% of all biliary diseases,acute pancreatitis,liver abscesses and biliary lithiasis respectively. Ultrasonography is an excellent diagnostic tool in visualizing worms in gut lumen and ductal system. The rational treatment for HPA is to give appropriate treatment for clinical syndromes along with effective anthelmintic therapy. Endotherapy in HPA is indicated if patients continue to have symptoms on medical therapy or when worms do not move out of ductal lumen by 3 wk or die within the ducts. The worms can be removed from the ductal system in most of the patients and such patients get regression of symptoms of hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease.

关键词： Ascaris lumbricoides Cholecystitis Biliary calculi Cholangitis Pancreatitis Recurrent pyogenic Cholangitis

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state versus private sector provision of water services in Armenia

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2012年第5期6卷 620-630页

作者： naira HARUTYUNYAN Department of Environmental sciences and Policy Central European University Nador u. 9 H-1051 Budapest Hungary

Despite increasing advocacy and adaptation of public-private model of water governance worldwide since the 1990s, today only 5% of the world＇s population is served by water utilities with private involvement. The present article examines the experience of the water sector in Armenia with private sector participation. The study describes the process of the introduction of public-private partnerships in the water sector and focuses on analyzing the impact of privatization on water utility performance. The analysis employs the partial indicator method for evaluating the impacts in relation to operational, finance, and environmental performance, done by drawing on the database for the five water companies in Armenia. The empirical evidence shows that private participation in general led to improved overall performance. In particular, private involvement resulted in increased operational efficiency in terms of labor productivity, water metering, continuity of service, and revenue collection efficiency. There were mixed improvements in the operating cost coverage ratio. As for environmental performance, there were gains in the reduction of residential water consump- tion, accompanied, however, by an increase in non- revenue water.

关键词： water govemance water privatization public-private partnership operational efficiency Armenia transi-tion economy

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The Mg-carbonate-Fe interaction:Implication for the fate of subducted carbonates and formation of diamond in the lower mantle

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1449-1458页

作者： naira s.Martirosyan Konstantin D. Litasov sergey s. Lobanov Alexander F. Goncharov Anton shatskiy Hiroaki Ohfuji Vitali Prakapenka sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Russian Academy of ScienceKoptyuga ave.3Novosibirsk630090Russia Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution for ScienceWashingtonDC20015USA Novosibirsk state University Pirogova st.2Novosibirsk630090Russia Geodynamic Research Center Ehime UniversityMatsuyamaEhime790-8577Japan Center for Advanced Radiation sources University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA

The fate of subducted carbonates in the lower mantle and at the core-mantle boundary was modelled via experiments in the MgCO3-Fe^0 system at 70-150 GPa and 800-2600 Kin a laser-heated diamond anvil *** in situ synchrotro n X-ray diffraction and ex situ transmission electron microscopy we show that the reduction of Mg-carbonate can be exemplified by:6 MgCO3+19 Fe=8 FeO+10(Mg0.6Fe^0.4)O+Fe7 C3+3 *** presented results suggest that the interaction of carbonates with Fe^0 or Fe^0-bearing rocks can produce Fe-carbide and diamond,which can accumulate in the D"region,depending on its carbon to Fe *** to the sluggish kinetics of the transformation,diamond can remain metastable at the core-mantle boundary(CMB)unless it is in a direct contact with *** addition,it can be remobilized by redox melting accompanying the generation of mantle plumes.

关键词： Deep carbon cycle Carbonate Carbide High pressure Redox reaction

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Overlapping shadow Rendering for Outdoor Augmented Reality

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 1915-1932页

作者： naira Elazab shaker El-sappagh Ahmed Atwan Hassan soliman Mohammed Elmogy Louai Alarabi Nagham Mekky Faculty of Computers and Information Mansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Universidade de santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela15705Spain Faculty of Computers and Articial Intelligence Benha UniversityBenha13512Egypt Faculty of Computer sciences and Information Technology Northern Border UniversityArarSaudi Arabia College of Computer and Information systems Umm Al-Qura UniversityMeccaSaudi Arabiagham Mekky

Realism rendering methods of outdoor augmented reality(AR)is an interesting *** items in outdoor AR need advanced impacts like shadows,sunshine,and relations between unreal items.A few realistic rendering approaches were built to overcome this *** of these approaches are not dealt with real-time ***,the issue remains an active research topic,especially in outdoor *** paper introduces a new approach to accomplish reality real-time outdoor rendering by considering the relation between items in AR regarding shadows in any place during *** proposed method includes three principal stages that cover various outdoor AR rendering ***,real shadow recognition was generated considering the sun’s location and the intensity of the *** second step involves real shadow ***,we introduced a shadow production algorithm technique and shades through its impacts on unreal items in the *** selected approach’s target is providing a fast shadow recognition technique without affecting the system’s *** achieved an average accuracy of 95.1%and an area under the curve(AUC)of 92.5%.The outputs demonstrated that the proposed approach had enhanced the reality of outside AR *** results of the proposed method outperformed other state-of-the-art rendering shadow techniques’outcomes.

关键词： Augmented reality outdoor rendering virtual shadow shadow overlapping hybrid shadow map

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Constructivism Representatives about Cognition Process

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Journal of Philosophy study 2017年第2期7卷 75-86页

作者： naira Danielyan National Research University of Electronic Technology

The article provides an analysis of the approach to cognition in the theory of constructivism according to different constructivism concepts such as： methodical constructivism, scientific-theoretical constructivism, natural epistemology, personal construct theory, social constructivism, concepts of some radical constructivism representatives, constructive realism. The analysis demonstrates that constructivism helps to establish subject＇s control over the reality perceived by him when eliminating any deviations or resentments from his preferable target condition. In this case, the model of the world cognized contains only the aspects which are relevant to subject＇s purposes and actions. It is advanced the idea the current stage of science development is connected with the change of its fundamental bases. As a result, the model of the reality becomes a result of interaction between subject of scientific and cognitive activity with the reality, but the ideas of constructivism in its classical meaning don＇t correspond to this conclusion. The author proves that cognition based on the constructive realism is the most appropriate to the modern stage of epistemology development as it cancels the opposition of constructivism and realism in some extent and promotes getting a rational knowledge about the reality by subject.

关键词： constructivism epistemology cognition rational knowledge interpretation perception

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Hydrogen sulfide intervention in cystathionine-β-synthase mutant mouse helps restore ocular homeostasis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第5期12卷 754-764页

作者： Akash K.George Rubens P.Homme Avisek Majumder Anwesha Laha naira Metreveli Harpal s.sANDhu suresh C.Tyagi Mahavir singh Eye and Vision science Laboratory University of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Physiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Medicine UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California San Francisco Department of Ophthalmology and Visual sciences Kentucky Lions Eye Center University of Louisville School of Medicine

AIM: To investigate the applications of hydrogen sulfide(H2 s) in eye-specific ailments in ***: Heterozygous cystathionine-β-synthase(CBs+/-) and wild-type C57 BL/6 J(WT) mice fed with or without high methionine diet(HMD) were administered either phosphate buffered saline(PBs) or the slow-release H2 s donor: GYY4137. several analyses were performed to study GYY4137 effects by examining retinal lysates for key protein expressions along with plasma glutamate and glutathione estimations. Intraocular pressure(IOP) was monitored during GYY4137 treatment; barium sulfate and bovine serum albumin conjugated fluorescein isothiocyanate(BsA-FITC) angiographies were performed for examining vasculature and its permeability post-treatment. Visionguided behavior was also tested employing novel object recognition test(NORT) and light-dark box test(LDBT) ***: CBs deficiency(CBs+/-) coupled with HMD led disruption of methionine/homocysteine(Hcy) metabolism leading to hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy) in CBs+/-mice as reflected by increased Hcy, and s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase(sAHH) levels. Unlike CBs, cystathionine-γ lyase(CsE), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) levels which were reduced but compensated by GYY4137intervention. Heightened oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress responses were mitigated by GYY4137 effects along with enhanced glutathione(GsH) levels. Increased glutamate levels in CBs+/-strain were prominent than WT mice and these mice also exhibited higher IOP that was lowered by GYY4137 treatment. CBs deficiency also resulted in vision-guided behavioral impairment as revealed by NORT and LDBT findings. Interestingly, GYY4137 was able to improve CBs+/-mice behavior together with lowering their glutamate levels. Blood-retinal barrier(BRB) appeared compromised in CBs+/-with vessels' leakage that was mitigated in GYY4137 treated group. This corroborated the results for occludin(an integral plasma membrane protein of the cellular tight

关键词： blood-retinal barrier integrity endoplasmic reticulum stress glutamate cytotoxicity inflammation oxidative stress mice

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Densification of Lithium Disilicate under High Pressure Investigated by XPs

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Open Journal of Inorganic Non 2013年第2期3卷 15-21页

作者： silvio Buchner Cláudio Radtke naira Maria Balzaretti Institute of Chemistry Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Institute of Physics Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil

The aim of this work was to investigate by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy the effect of high pressure on the chemical environments of si 2p, O 1s and Li 1s in lithium disilicate glass ceramic with stoichiometric composition Li2O·2siO2 (Ls2). A group of samples was processed at 2.5 GPa, 4 GPa and 7.7 GPa at room temperature and a second group was crystallized under high pressure and high temperature. Large shifts of the binding energy toward higher energies were observed in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra for samples of the first group after densification at 2.5 and 4 GPa. For samples processed at 7.7 Gpa, the major component of the binding energy for the si 2p environment remained practically unchanged compared to the pristine sample but new components, with smaller intensities, appeared in the spectra, indicating the existence of distinct Q-species induced by high pressure. This behavior may be related to changes in the number of bridged and non-bridged oxygen atoms in the glass structure. The results for the second group of samples, crystallized under high pressure, showed evidences of three binding energies for the O atoms, one of them related to non-bridged and two of them to bridged O atoms.

关键词： XPs Glass Ceramic Lithium Disilicate High Pressure Binding Energy

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study of Free-Radical Processes during Rotenone Modeling of Parkinson Disease

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2016年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： Narine A. Ghazaryan Lusine A. Ghulikyan Vergine A. Chavushyan naira M. Ayvazyan L.A. Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAs RA Laboratory of Toxinology and Molecular Systematics Yerevan Armenia

The study has shown free radical processes during modeling of Parkinson Disease (PD) with rotenone. We isolated striatum, brainstem, neocortex, cerebellum, spinal cord, thymus, heart, and liver of rats after rotenone injection in the right striatum. The samples were taken on the 5th, 10th and 15th days after the injection. According to chemiluminescence data, the injection of rotenone initiates the disturbance of intensity of free radical processes in striatum at 5th day in a bilateral mode. After this until the 10th day these changes had restoring character, but after 15 days according to chemiluminescence and thio-barbituric acid test disturbance of lipid peroxide oxidation processes occurred. While superoxide dismutase activity has been changed significantly in all studied tissues, especially in the striatum and neocortex. It should be noted that during rotenone model there are no observed clinical symptoms in rats during 1 to 20 days, and the symptoms of the disease are observed approximately 28 days after the injection. This research could help diagnose PD in the early stage of its onset.

关键词： Parkinson’s Disease Rotenone Chemiluminescence Thio-Barbituric Acid Test superoxide Dismutase Activity

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