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Principles for managing marine ecosystems prone to tipping points

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第5期1卷 15-32页

作者： Kimberly A.Selkoe Thorsten Blenckner Margaret R.Caldwell Larry B.Crowder Ashley L.Erickson Timothy E.Essington James A.Estes Rod M.Fujita Benjamin S.Halpern Mary E.Hunsicker Carrie V.Kappel Ryan P.Kelly John n.Kittinger Phillip S.Levin John M.Lynham Megan E.Mach rebecca G.Martone Lindley A.Mease Anne KSalomon Jameal F.Samhouri Courtney Scarborough Adrian C.Stier Crow White Joy Zedler national Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis 735 State StreetSuite 300Santa BarbaraCalifornia 93101 USA Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology University of HawaiiKaneoheHawaii 96744 USA Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm UniversityKra¨ftriket 2B10691 StockholmSweden Center for Ocean Solutions Stanford Woods Institute for the EnvironmentStanford University473 Via Ortega Room 193StanfordCalifornia 94305 USA School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 100 Shaffer RoadUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCalifornia 95060 USA Environmental Defense Fund 123 Mission Street28th FloorSan FranciscoCalifornia 94105 USA Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106 USA Imperial College London Silwood Park CampusBuckhurst RoadAscot SL57PY United Kingdom School of Marine and Environmental Affairs University of Washington3707 Brooklyn Avenue NESeattleWashington 98105-6715 USA Conservation International Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans7192 Kalaniana‘ole HighwaySuite G230HonoluluHawaii 96825 USA Conservation Biology Division Northwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration2725 Montlake Boulevard EastSeattleWashington 98112 USA Department of Economics University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822 USA School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish Columbia V5A1S6 Canada Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCalifornia 93407 USA Botany Department University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin 53706 USA

As climatic changes and human uses intensify,resource managers and other decision makers are taking actions to either avoid or respond to ecosystem tipping points,or dramatic shifts in structure and function that are often costly and hard to *** indicates that explicitly addressing tipping points leads to improved management *** on theory and examples from marine systems,we distill a set of seven principles to guide effective management in ecosystems with tipping points,derived from the best available *** principles are based on observations that tipping points(1)are possible everywhere,(2)are associated with intense and/or multifaceted human use,(3)may be preceded by changes in earlywarning indicators,(4)may redistribute benefits among stakeholders,(5)affect the relative costs of action and inaction,(6)suggest biologically informed management targets,and(7)often require an adaptive response to *** suggest that early action to preserve system resilience is likely more practical,affordable,and effective than late action to halt or reverse a tipping *** articulate a conceptual approach to management focused on linking management targets to thresholds,tracking early-warning signals of ecosystem instability,and stepping up investment in monitoring and mitigation as the likelihood of dramatic ecosystem change *** approach can simplify and economize management by allowing decision makers to capitalize on the increasing value of precise information about threshold relationships when a system is closer to tipping or by ensuring that restoration effort is sufficient to tip a system into the desired regime.

关键词： critical transition ecosystem-based management marine spatial planning nonlinear relationships restoration ecology stakeholder engagement

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中国食用油中的脂肪酸:以直接分析值作为制定标签的依据

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国外医学（卫生学分册） 2006年第1期33卷 58-63页

作者： John C.Wallingford rebecca Yuhas 杜树发翟凤英 Barry M.Popkin WyethAyerst全球制药公司 stdavids19087 中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所北京100050 美国北卡罗莱纳洲查普尔山北卡大学营养系

目的食用油是食物的重要组成部分,但目前对食用油中脂肪酸的成分了解较少。本研究利用中国7省和北京的市场调查数据,分析了食用油消费和其中的脂肪酸成分。方法食用油的消费数据来源于1997年中国健康与营养调查户的3天食物摄入。购买了... 详细信息

目的食用油是食物的重要组成部分,但目前对食用油中脂肪酸的成分了解较少。本研究利用中国7省和北京的市场调查数据,分析了食用油消费和其中的脂肪酸成分。方法食用油的消费数据来源于1997年中国健康与营养调查户的3天食物摄入。购买了8省主要城市销售的食用油,并于2001年进行了脂肪酸含量的分析,按照标签有14种油共126个样本。脂肪酸的分析运用标准的气相色谱法。结果中国有超过76%的家庭消费食用油,2岁及以上人群每人每日平均消费量为29.6g。有14的人食用菜籽油,菜籽油富含顺式C22∶1n9(芥酸)。33%的食用油与标签不符。菜籽油通过含C22∶1n9来识别,但标签上常常没有标。在另外28个样本中检测了反式亚麻酸异构体。南方和北方省份的标签偏差一样。结论中国应该制定混合食用油的完整标签规定,以预防影响健康的无意识脂肪酸消费。特别是应该减少芥酸和反式脂肪酸的消费。另外,还需要进一步对食用油标签进行控制管理,特别是南方省份。

关键词：食用油芥酸脂肪酸成分

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Intramedullary nailing of Type I and Type II Open Leg Fractures after 6 Hours at Yopougon Teaching Hospital

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第8期6卷 227-233页

作者： Traoré Alidou Mbende Alban Slim Sery Bada Justin Léopold niaoré Mobiot-Aka Christelle Soumaro Kanaté Daouda Boka Eva rebecca Sie Essoh Jean Baptiste Bamba Insa Lambin Yves Trauma and Orthopaedics Department Yopougon Teaching Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast neurosurgery Unit Yopougon Teaching Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast

Emergency debridement has long been the standard of care for open fractures of the tibia as infection is an important complication. In developing countries, patients are admitted to teaching hospitals 6 to 24 hours after their initial trauma. We sought to evaluate outcomes of nailing and correlations between the risk of infection and the delay in surgery. Materials and methods: Medical files of 48 men and 15 women with a combined total of 63 open fractures of the leg during a 12-year period were reviewed. The mean age was 29 years. Thirty-four type I and 29 type II open fractures according to the classification of Cauchoix and Duparc were treated with Küntscher nail after excision/debridement. Preoperative CRP was performed in 27 patients and in 22 cases it was positive. Twenty-six fractures were treated within a period of 6 to 24 hours, and a further 37 was operated on beyond 24 hours. The average waiting time before surgery was 2 days. Results: The infection was present in 11 patients (17.5%). We failed to establish any correlation between the time of treatment and the occurrence of infection for both type I and type II fractures treated during the same intervals with p = 0.244 (p > 0.05). But we established a correlation between the type of open fracture and the occurrence of infection with p = 0.01 (p nfection among 22 cases of positive preoperative CRP. We couldn’t find a correlation between the positive value of the preoperative CRP and the occurrence of infection. Seven cases of infection were treated with appropriate antibiotherapy and early revision surgery. Four others cases complicated to bone infection (n = 2) and septic nonunion (n = 2). The average time of hospitalization was 22 days. The average time for fracture healing was 7 months. Conclusion: The rule of six hours is hardly applicable in our contexts. Our study showed no correlation between the preoperative period and the occurrence of infection.

关键词： Intramedullary nailing Open Fracture Leg Six Hours

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WORM BURDEn AnD LYMPHOCYTE RESPOnSE In MICE IMMUnIZED WITH n-METHYL-n'-nITRO-n-nITROSOGUAnIDInE ATTEnUATED CERCARIAE OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPOnICUM

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1988年第3期101卷 186-186页

作者： Lois W Chi Janette Andreus rebecca A Yates Linda A Kiley Liu Shu-xian Department of Biology California State University Dominguez Hills Carson California 90747 Shanghai Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine Shanghai

Investigations were carried out to observe worm burden and egg granuloma formation at different time intervals between immunization and challenge in relation to the in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response in mice immunized with nTG-attenuated cercariae of Schistosome japonicum. Mice were exposed to 30 nTG-attenuated cercariae (30 μg/ml nTG × 15 min) twice at two week intervals and were challenged at week 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 with 40 cercariae of S japonicum. Results showed that mice immunized with nTG-attenuated-cercariae had fewer or stunted worms and fewer splenic and hepaticgTanulomas. Worm reduction rates of 8%, 54%, 82%, 43% and 29% were observed at weeks 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 from initial immunization respectively. Thus, optimal acquired immunity against a challenge infection seems to occur at week 8. In mice immunized with nTG-attenuated cercariae, the proliferative response of lymphocytes from lymph nodes, thymus and spleen to soluble egg antigen increased gradually throughout the first six weeks postinitial infection, peaked at week 7 and then markedly decreased by week 12. This suggests that there maybe some correlation between the development of protective immunity and the dynamic characteristics of lymphocyte proliferative response in vitro in the mice model infected with nTG-attenuated cercariae of S japonicum.

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Proximal Femoral Allograft in Two-Stage Revision for Failed Septic Hip Arthroplasty

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第12期5卷 379-389页

作者： Alidou Traore Karim Tribak Jeancis Be Maité Van Cauter Christelle Mobiot-Aka Yaya Sidi Traoré Slim Alban Mbende Daouda Kanaté Soumaro rebecca Eva Boka Jean Cyr Yombi Christian Delloye Olivier Cornu Trauma and Orthopaedic Unit Yopougon Teaching Hospital Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire St-Luc University Clinics (UCL) Brussels Belgium neurosurgery Unit Yopougon Teaching Hospital Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

Infection after hip prostheses is a potentially devastating complication, and a serious medical and surgical challenge, especially when associated with Paprosky type III femoral bone loosening. Treatment is difficult and options are limited. We report on a 2-stage revision of 15 patients undergoing femur reconstruction with massive allografts. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study which included 15 patients (10 men and 5 women) with infected hip prosthesis, associated with Paprosky type III femoral proximal massive bone loss. The median age of patients was 64 years with a preoperative functional status score of 6. The average number of procedures to the same hip after the first arthroplasty was 6. All patients benefited from a 2-step surgery with massive allografts and locking prosthesis. The average follow-up time was 36 months. Results: Infection was monomicrobial in 14 cases;and was polymicrobial in 4 cases. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis was the main bacteria (n = 10). The average C-reactive protein level before the second procedure was 2.3 ± 3.4. It was normalized in 8 cases. We recorded 13 cases of primary consolidation without another surgery, 3 cases of relapse, 2 traumatic dislocations and 2 fractures of the allograft. Conclusion: Hip prosthesis infection is a potentially catastrophic complication with significant negative ramifications for both the patient and the healthcare system. Massive allografts use in Paprosky III femoral defect remains very attractive for bone stock restoration and hip function improvement.

关键词： Arthroplasty Hip Infection Femur Paprosky 3 Massive Allograft

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Molecular and Serological Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in north Region of Cameroon

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第10期12卷 579-595页

作者： Simon Jumbo Dickmu Julius Awah-ndukum niba Tatanja Aziwo Silas Lendzele Sevidzem Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche Carla Bravo de Rueda Labib Bakkali Kassimi Abel Wade rebecca Garabed Abdul-Dahiru El-Yuguda Luis Rodriguez Saka Saheed Baba Laboratoire national Vétérinaire LANAVET Garoua Cameroon Department of Animal Production Technology College of Technology The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Institute of Research in Tropical Ecology (IRET) Libreville Gabon Ecole des Sciences et de Médecine Vétérinaire Université de Ngaoundéré Ngaoundere Cameroon Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Centre Greenport USA Agence nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation de l’Environnement et du Travail Pierre et Marie Curie Maisons-Alfort France Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus USA Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria

The serological prevalence of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) among the cattle population in the north region of Cameroon was determined using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays) serological tests for structural as well as non-structural proteins. In these cattle, FMDV RnA was identified, amplified, sequenced and the sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. A sedentary cattle population randomly selected from six veterinary centres in the north region was sampled twice, six months apart. High prevalence of FMDV antibody was recorded in the first (402/466 (85.84%)) and second (358/411 (86.90%)) sampling periods. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in prevalence of FMDV antibody between the two sampling periods. Goudali and Peulh breeds of cattle and animals of three to five years old were the most infected with FMDV and mostly in the months of May and August. A seroprevalence of 100% (n = 14) of FMDV against serotypes A and O was observed in sera from convalescent animals in the study area. FMDV antigen detection ELISA showed a prevalence of 18/37 (48.65%) for serotypes SAT1 (8.1%), SAT2 (35.1%), A (10.8%) and O (2.7%) among the clinically infected animals. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in prevalence of FMDV RnA between the sampling periods. A prevalence of FMDV RnA (17.5% (n = 120) and 16.7% (n = 240)) was observed among the sedentary animals that were sampled four to five months apart. FMDV RnA prevalence of 28/37 (75.6%) among clinically infected animals was also observed, thus confirming all the 12 outbreaks investigated. Sequence analysis of VP1 coding gene of the SAT2 serotype showed that it was homologous to the Libyan isolates (that caused epidemics in northern Africa in 2012) and also clustered with the serotypes isolated from both nigeria and Sudan in 2007.

关键词： Foot-and-Mouth Disease Seroprevalence non-Structural Protein Structural Protein ELISA Sedentary Cattle north Cameroon

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Impact of medical and surgical intervention on survival in patients with cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2013年第6期5卷 178-186页

作者： Amanda K Arrington.rebecca A nelson Ann Falor Carrie Luu rebecca L Wiatrek Marwan Fakih Gagandeep Singh Joseph Kim Division of Surgical Oncology City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCA 91010United States Department of Biostatistics City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCA 91010United States Department of Surgery Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90509United States Department of Medical Oncology City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCA 91010United States

AIM:To examine surgical and medical outcomes for patients with cholangiocarcinoma using a populationbased cancer ***:Using the California Cancer Registry's Cancer Surveillance Program,patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated in Los Angeles County from 1988 to 2006 were identified and evaluated for clinical and pathologic factors and therapies received(surgery,radiation,and chemotherapy).The surgical cohort was further categorized into three treatment groups:patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy,adjuvant chemoradiation,or underwent surgery alone(no chemotherapy or radiation administered).Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method;and Cox proportional hazard modeling was used in multivariate ***:Of 825 patients,60.2% received no *** the remaining 328 patients,18.5% chemotherapy only,7.4% chemoradiation,and 13.8% underwent *** male patients underwent surgical resection(P = 0.004).Surgical patients were younger than the patients receiving chemotherapy or chemoradiation(P n = 114),60.5% underwent surgery alone while 39.5% underwent surgery plus adjuvant therapy(chemotherapy n = 20;chemoradiation,n = 21)(P n survival for all patients in the study was 6.6 *** survival was highest for patients who underwent surgery(23 mo),whereas both chemotherapy(9 mo) and chemoradiation(8 mo) alone were each less effective(P nalysis,extent of disease,receipt of surgery,and administration of chemotherapy(with/without surgery) were independent predictors of overall ***:This study demonstrates that surgery is a critical treatment *** treatment has yet to be standardized,but play a role in optimal therapy for cholangiocarcinoma.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Chemotherapy Surgery Survival Therapies

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Aliteracy Among Teachers?Investigating the Reading Habits of Elementary and Early Childhood Educators

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Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2019年第3期3卷 1-7页

作者： rebecca M.Giles Karyn W.Tunks University of South Alabama MobileAlabamaUnited States

Since the reading habits of both preservice and inservice teachers have been linked to their abilities as reading teachers,aliteracy among teachers is particularly *** purpose of this study was to investigate the amount of leisure time elementary teachers spend reading literature for *** through sixth grade teachers(n=24)enrolled in a graduate education course logged the minutes they spent engaged in various leisure activities during one week of the *** literature,defined as the reading of novels,short stories,plays,or poetry in one’s spare time,ranged from 0 to 845 *** the 13 activities investigated,the highest average amount of time was spent watching movies(M=552.92).Reading literature for pleasure had the eighth highest mean(M=123.13).Pairwise comparisons revealed no significant difference(t=-.795,pn time spent reading literature and time spent in other non-literature leisure *** or paired samples t-tests indicated that participants spent significantly less time reading newspapers/magazines(t=2.696,pnd reading blogs(t=2.783,pnd significantly more time watching movies(t=-3.287,pn reading literature for *** appears that lack of motivation may be a factor in participants’decision to read literature for pleasure as opposed to either lack of time or technological distractions.

关键词： aliteracy reading elementary teachers literacy

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Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of COVID-19 Pregnant Women Followed Up at a Tertiary Care Unit: A Descriptive Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第10期10卷 1482-1491页

作者： Madye A. ngo Dingom Eugène Sobngwi Félix Essiben Antoinette n. Assiga Yves F. Wasnyo Anicet ngate Jean C. Katte Junie Y. ngaha Philemon nsem Charles E. Sone Brigitte Wandji Gilles T. Libend Jean J. Bissemou Filbert E. Eko Florent Y. Fouelifack Glwadys ngono Jeanne Fouédjio rebecca Tonye Pierre Ongolo-Zogo Pierre J. Fouda Robinson E. Mbu Obstetrics and gynecology Unit Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon COVID 19 Unit Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Public Health University of Exeter Exeter UK Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 and associated corona virus disease COVID-19 have been declared a pandemic having a poor prognosis among individuals with debilitating conditions and those who are immune-compromised. Curren... 详细信息

ng>Background:ng> The SARS-CoV-2 and associated corona virus disease COVID-19 have been declared a pandemic having a poor prognosis among individuals with debilitating conditions and those who are immune-compromised. Current evidence is however limited on maternal and fetal transmission and pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to describe the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes in a group of pregnant women followed up at a tertiary care unit in Cameroon. Methods: This was an observational study conducted over a period of 3 months (April 1n> to June 30, 2020) at the Yaounde Central Hospital. All pregnant women who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and who provided a signed written informed consent were included in the study. Results: Out of 83 pregnant women who presented with symptoms suspicious of COVID-19, 25 were tested positive. The median age of these women was 31 (27 n>- 35) years. A total of 76% consulted within 6 days of onset of symptoms and 68% had a gestational age greater than 28 weeks. The most common n style="font-family:Verdana;">presenting complaint was fever (88%)

关键词： COVID-19 Pregnancy Mortality Outcomes

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Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Côte d’Ivoire: Epidemiological, Clinical and Pathological Aspects

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Open Journal of Pathology 2022年第4期12卷 146-155页

作者： n’Dah Kouame Justin Tia Weu Melanie Akpro Sedy Louess De Randorphe Lagou Delphine Amélie Toure Ibrahiman Kobenan Atta Anne rebecca Abouna Alain Didier Guei Monley Cyr Tuo Wonko-Tian Alice Oka Kouamé Hubert Diopo Sery Patrick Olivier Delma Samuel Cherif Ibrahima Traore Moussa Amekoudi Eyram Ouattara Belarsi Safiatou Yao Kouame Hubert Ackoundou nguessan Clément Adonis Koffi Laurence Yao Gnangoran Victor Gnionsahie Dazé Apolinaire Mohenou Isidore Jean-Marie Diomandé Department of Anatomic Pathology University Teaching Hospital of Bouake Bouake Ivory Coast Department of nephrology University Teaching Hospital of Bouake Bouake Ivory Coast Department of nephrology University Teaching Hospital of Yopougon Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Anatomic Pathology University Teaching Hospital of Cocody Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of nephrology University Teaching Hospital of Treichville Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of nephrology University Teaching Hospital of Blaise Compaore Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Anatomic Pathology University Teaching Hospital of Donka Conakry Guinea Department of nephrology University Teaching Hospital of Sylvanus Olympio Lome Togo Department of nephrology University Teaching Hospital of Treichville Abidjan Ivory Coast

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is characterized histologically by hyalinosis and sclerosis of glomeruli associated or not with podocyte involvement. The objective of our work was to clarify the epidemiological aspects and histological variants of FSGS in Côte d’Ivoire. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study, conducted from January 2015 to December 2019 using the renal biopsy registers (RB) of the Pathological Anatomy and Cytology departments of the Teaching Hospital of Cocody and Bouake in collaboration with the nephrology Services of Côte d'Ivoire and the sub-region. The biopsies underwent conventional histopathology and/or immunofluorescence techniques. The parameters analyzed were: frequency, age, gender, proteinuria, biopsy indications and histological aspects and the different correlations between histological aspects and socio-demographic characteristics. Results: FSGS represented 58.1% (n = 104) of glomerular nephropathies. The average age of patients was 32.1 ± 13.3 years, with extremes of 13 and 70 years. The sex ratio was equal to 1. nephrotic syndrome (68.9%), chronic renal failure (14.3%) and acute renal failure (10.1%) were the main indications for renal biopsy (RB). The mean proteinuria at the time of diagnosis was 4 ± 3.7 g/24 h. It was massive (3.5 g/24 h) in 42.3% of patients. FSGS was primary in 29.8% (n = 31) and secondary in 70.2% (n = 73) of patients, of which 27.9% (n = 35) was due to HIV. According to the Columbia classification, 62.5% nOS type was found;23.1% collapsing type;7.7% tip lesion type;4.8% cell type and 1.9% perihilary type. Conclusion: FSGS is a complex heterogeneous entity. It affects young people in our context with a homogeneous gender distribution. Understanding its histogenesis is essential for optimal patient management.

关键词： Kidney Glomerulus Histology FSGS Côte d’Ivoire

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