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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes c.Heinzel Antal nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tnGcs). However, the use of tnGcs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tnGc would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tnGcs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tnGcs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tnGcs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tnGcs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tnGcs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tnGcs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tnGcs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GABA_B-GIRK assembly

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan Alejandro Martín-Belmonte Sergi Ferré Francisco ciruela Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative neurobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (Schirinzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede synapse loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

core Shell Au Ag nanoparticles in Dielectric nanocomposites with Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence: A new Paradigm in Antimony Glasses

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nano Research 2009年第8期2卷 607-616页

作者： Tirtha Som Basudeb karmakar Glass Technology Laboratory Glass DivisionCentral Glass and Ceramic Research Institute(Council of Scientifi c and Industrial Research)196Raja S.C.Mullick RoadKolkata 700032India

The nano era demands the synthesis of new nanostructured materials,if possible by simplified techniques,with remarkable properties and versatile ***,we demonstrate a new single-step reproducible melt-quench methodology to fabricate core-shell bimetallic(Au0 Ag0)nanoparticles(2889 nm)embedded glasses(dielectrics)by the use of a new reducing glass matrix,K_(2)O B_(2)O_(3) Sb_(2)O_(3)(KBS)without applying any external reducing agent or multiple processing *** surface plasmon resonance(SPR)band of these nanocomposites embedded in KBS glass is tunable in the range 554-681 *** remarkably,taking advantage of the selective reduction capability of Sb_(2)O_(3),this single-step methodology is used to fabricate inter-metallic:rare-earth ions co-embedded(AuAg:Sm^(3+))dielectric(glass)-based-dnanocomposites and study the effect of enhanced local fi eld on the red upconversion fl uorescence of Sm^(3+)ions at 636 *** enhancement is found to be about 2 *** single-step in-situ selective reduction approach can be used to fabricate a variety of hybrid-nanocomposite devices for laser based applications(see supplementary information).

关键词： Gold-silver nanostructures core-shell morphology surface plasmon resonance antimony glass metal-enhanced rare earth fl uorescence

5DGWO-GAn:A novel Five-Dimensional Gray Wolf Optimizer for Generative Adversarial network-Enabled Intrusion Detection in IoT Systems

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computers, Materials & continua 2025年第1期82卷 881-911页

作者： Sarvenaz Sadat Khatami Mehrdad Shoeibi Anita Ershadi Oskouei Diego Martín Maral Keramat Dashliboroun Department of Data Science Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204USA The WPI Business School Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcesterMA 01609USA School of Systems and Enterprises Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ 07030USA Department of computer Science Escuela de Ingeniería Informática de SegoviaUniversidad de ValladolidSegovia40005Spain Ernest G.Welch School of Art&Design Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30303USA

The Internet of Things(IoT)is integral to modern infrastructure,enabling connectivity among a wide range of devices from home automation to industrial control *** the exponential increase in data generated by these interconnected devices,robust anomaly detection mechanisms are *** detection in this dynamic environment necessitates methods that can accurately distinguish between normal and anomalous behavior by learning intricate *** paper presents a novel approach utilizing generative adversarial networks(GAns)for anomaly detection in IoT ***,optimizing GAns involves tuning hyper-parameters such as learning rate,batch size,and optimization algorithms,which can be challenging due to the non-convex nature of GAn loss *** address this,we propose a five-dimensional Gray wolf optimizer(5DGWO)to optimize GAn *** 5DGWO introduces two new types of wolves:gamma(γ)for improved exploitation and convergence,and theta(θ)for enhanced exploration and escaping local *** proposed system framework comprises four key stages:1)preprocessing,2)generative model training,3)autoencoder(AE)training,and 4)predictive model *** generative models are utilized to assist the AE training,and the final predictive models(including convolutional neural network(cnn),deep belief network(DBn),recurrent neural network(Rnn),random forest(RF),and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost))are trained using the generated data and AE-encoded *** evaluated the system on three benchmark datasets:nSL-KDD,UnSW-nB15,and *** conducted on diverse IoT datasets show that our method outperforms existing anomaly detection strategies and significantly reduces false *** 5DGWO-GAn-cnnAE exhibits superior performance in various metrics,including accuracy,recall,precision,root mean square error(RMSE),and convergence *** proposed 5DGWO-GAn-cnnAE achieved the lowest RMSE values across the nSL-KDD,UnSW-nB15,and

关键词： Internet of things intrusion detection generative adversarial networks five-dimensional binary gray wolf optimizer deep learning

Fuel properties and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from unused algae grown in India

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Petroleum Science 2018年第2期15卷 385-395页

作者： Rachan karmakar Krishnendu Kundu Anita Rajor School of Energy and Environment Thapar University Department of Biofuel CSIR CMERI CoEFM

The high price of different biodiesels and the need for many of their raw ingredients as food materials are the main constraints to be overcome when seeking the best potential alternative fuels to petro-diesel. Apart from that, some properties like high density, viscosity and acid value along with low cloud and pour points preclude their use in com- pression ignition （cI） engines as these properties can cause serious damage to the parts of the engine and reduce engine life. In this experiment, biodiesel was produced from the oil of unused algae by a two-step ＇acid esterification followed by transesterification＇ procedure. Taguchi＇s method was applied to design the experiment, and a L25 orthogonal array was prepared to optimize the biodiesel production procedure. The optimized conditions for transesterification were： methanol to oil molar ratio of 6：1, catalyst （KOH） concentration of 2.5 wt%, reaction time of 90 min and reaction temperature of 50 ~c, achieving a biodiesel production of 89.7% with free fatty acid content of 0.25%. It was found that the cI engine emitted less cO, cO2 and hydrocarbon and higher nOx using algal biodiesel than that using petro-diesel. All properties of the algal biodiesel were within the limit of ASTM standards.

关键词： Algae Biodiesel Fuel characterization Emission

Optimization of safflower oil transesterification using the Taguchi approach

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Petroleum Science 2017年第4期14卷 798-805页

作者： n.Kumar S.K.Mohapatra S.S.Ragit K.Kundu R.karmakar Mechanical Engineering Department Thapar UniversityPatialaIndia Department of Biofuel CSIR CMERI CoEFMLudhianaIndia School of Energy and Environment Thapar UniversityPatialaIndia

Biodiesel is an alternative renewable fuel which is produced by using biomass resources. Its physicochemical properties are close to those of the petroleum diesel fuel. This study highlights biodiesel production from safflower seed oil. The main aim of this experimental work is to optimize the process parameters, namely the methanolto-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature for biodiesel production. The Taguchi robust design approach was used with an L9 orthogonal array to analyze the influence of process factors on performance parameters. The results showed that the optimum yield of biodiesel was 93.8% with viscosity 5.60 c St, with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 4:1, catalyst concentration of 1.5 wt%, reaction time of 90 min and reaction temperature of 60 ℃. The catalyst concentration was found to be the most influencing parameter which contributed 51.1% and 50.8% of the total effect on the yield of biodiesel, Y;, and viscosity of biodiesel, Y;, respectively.

关键词： AnOVA Biodiesel Optimization Taguchi approach Transesterification

Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India

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Petroleum Science 2018年第1期15卷 164-175页

作者： Rachan karmakar Anita Rajor Krishnendu Kundu nitin Kumar School of Energy and Environment Thapar University Department of Biofuel CSIR CMERI Co EFM Department of Mechanical Engineering Thapar University

Biodiesel from inedible sources has become prominent in last few decades. But it is economically incompatible with petroleum diesel. At the same time, both petro-diesel and biodiesels are concerned with environmental pollution, global warming, etc. Algae, on the other hand, utilize cO2 for their growth and can minimize some sort of pollution level and results in carbon credit for a country. In Punjab, India, algae are seen to grow in many water bodies. But all those are taken away and dumped in vats. Some of this huge biomass was used for production of biodiesel in this work. Extraction of oil from algae was conducted by using Soxtherm（solvent extraction）. An amount of 9 wt% of algal oil was extracted by comparatively costly hexane, whereas 8% extraction was done by cheaper acetone. In the transesterification reaction, molar ratio（methanol： oil） of 6：1, catalyst（KOH） concentration of 3 wt%, reaction temperature of 60 °c, 60 min reaction time and a settling time of 2.5 h were found to be optimum conditions to get maximum ester with minimum free fatty acid content and viscosity. A statistical analysis for the transesterification procedure also showed a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6：1 and catalyst concentration of 3 wt% to be the optimum. characterization of biodiesel was done and compared with ASTM/BIS standards. Most important properties of biodiesel ester like viscosity（3.12 c St or 3.12 mm2/s）, cloud and pour point（-1 and-6 °c, respectively）, flash and fire point（153 and 158 °c）, carbon residue content（0.03%）, acid number（0.36 mg of KOH/gm） were within the range of concerned standards.

关键词： Algae Biodiesel Biodiesel properties Transesterification Oil extraction

Effects of In-situ Generated coinage nanometals on crystallization and Microstructure of Fluorophlogopite Mica containing Glass-ceramics

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第1期31卷 110-119页

作者： Mrinmoy Garai nibedita Sasmal Atiar Rahaman Molla Anal Tarafder Basudeb karmakar Glass Science & Technology Section Glass DivisionCSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute

The effects of in-situ generated coinage nanometals（cu,Ag and Au） on crystallization behavior,microstructure,thermal and mechanical properties of SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-B2O3-K2O-MgF2（BMAPS） glassceramics were systematically *** addition of coinage nanometai,the glass transition temperature（Tg） is increased by 20-30 ℃,crystallization temperature（Tc） by 30-50 ℃ and dilatometric softening temperature（Td） by 10-25 ℃.It was found that the density of cu-containing glass was 2.59 g cm-3and for other glasses it was in the range of 2.56-2.57 g *** the non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry study,the activation energy of crystallization for BMAPS base glass was calculated as 344 kJ/mol,and changed to 406,334 and 274 kJ/mol on addition of cu,Ag and Au-nanometals,*** evolved in the opaque BMAPS glass-ceramics derived by controlled heat treatment,were identified as fluorophlogopite mica(KMg3(AlSi3O10)F2) by X-ray diffraction（XRD） technique and confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared *** of copper,silver and gold nanometals were also identified by XRD *** is found from field emission scanning electron microscopy that the interlocked grain like microstructure developed in BMAPS glass-ceramics（being heat-treated at 1050 ℃ for 4 h） changed to denser house-of-cards like microstructure（containing smaller sized mica crystals） on addition of coinage *** of BMAPS base glass-ceramic was 2.60 g cm-3and marginally changed to 2.61-2.62 g cm-3on addition of cu,Ag and *** change in microstructure resulted in the decrease of Vickers micro hardness value from 5.37 to 4.12,4.20 and 4.58 GPa on addition of cu,Ag and Au,*** nanometai doped mica glass-ceramics containing interlocked microstructure with higher thermal expansion coefficient,hence,is suitable for high temperature sealing application（like solid oxide fuel cell）.

关键词： Glass crystallization X-ray diffraction Microstruc

numerical analysis of a magnetohydrodynamic duct flow with flow channel insert under a non-uniform magnetic field

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第6期30卷 1134-1142页

作者： c.n.Kim Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Kyung Hee University

This study performs a numerical analysis of three-dimensional liquid metal(LM) magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) flows in a square duct with an FcI in a non-uniform magnetic field. The current study predicts detailed information on flow velocity, Lorentz force, pressure, current and electric potential of MHD duct flows for different Hartmann numbers. Also, the effect of the electric conductivity of FcI on the pressure drop along the main flow direction in a non-uniform magnetic field is examined. The present study investigates the features of LM MHD flows in consideration of the interdependency among the flow variables.

关键词： non-uniform magnetic field liquid metal blanket magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) duct flow flow channel insert