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A study on the comparative review of cool roof thermal performance in various regions

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Energy and built Environment 2022年第3期3卷 327-347页

作者： Mohan Rawat R.n.singh School of Energy and Environment Studies Devi Ahilya UniversityTakshashila CampusKhandwa RoadIndore452001Madhya PradeshIndia

Energy demand is growing significantly worldwide to create thermal comfort in ***-conditioning is contributing to energy consumption at a massive scale in the residential and commercial *** roof is one of the most critical components of the building envelopes,and it achieved maximum heat gain in summer,and it covered nearly 20-25%of overall urban surface *** this respect,cool roofs are considered one of the sustainable solutions to maintain thermal comfort in *** results achieved from the literature review indicate that cool roof application reduced energy use in the buildings and a useful tool to mitigate Urban Heat Island(UHI)*** paper summarizes cool roof thermal performance with different types of surface coatings in different climatic zones for buildings with additional benefits,limitations,and recommendations for future research *** results of this review can be helpful for engineers,researchers,dwellers,and architectures to have a good understanding of the benefits of cool roofs to mitigate energy consumption demand in dwelling in a sustainable,cost-effective,and energy-efficient *** average energy-saving effect of the roof is expressed from 15%to 35.7%in different climatic zones(Temperate,Tropical,Composite,Hot and Warm-Humid)as per the literature survey ***,the average roof surface temperature reduction is possible from 1.4℃ to up to 4.7℃ using cool roof technology.

关键词： Cool roof building envelope Heat gain Solar reflectance Thermal comfort

Effect of Photoperiod in the Regulation of the Annual Testicular Cycle of a Subtropical Mammal,the Indian Palm Squirrel, Funambulus pennanti

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biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1995年第1期8卷 65-73页

作者： A.b.singh CHAnDRAMOHInICHATURVEDI DepartmentofZoology BanarasHinduUniversityVaranasi221005India DepartmentofZoology BanarasHinduUnive

In seasonally breeding subtropical mammal, the Indian pelm squirrel (Funambulus pennanti), reproductive recrudescence is initiated before the winter solstice followed by sexually active condition which extends until the end of summer season. Onset of seasonal regression coincides with the annual decrease in daily photoperiod and the increased level of relative humidity resulting from the arrival of monsoon at this latitude. To test the photoperiodic responses, the groupe of squirrels were exposed to natural day length (nDL), long day length (LD15:9), and Short day length (LD 6: 18) over a period of one year beginning from March. Squirrels of all these groupe were exposed to similar ambient temperature and humidity ***, the rate of testicular development was similar in control and long day squirrels attaining peak values in May (0.67 cm3) and June (0.7 cm3) respectively. Thereafter, while the gonads of controls regressed, the latter maintained a plateau. On the other hand, the gonads of short day squirrels regressed sharply until June (0.21 cm3)followed by spontaneous recrudescence and finally a plateau (0.55 cm3). These results indicate that initially squirrels are photosensitive (as long days are gonadostimulatory and short days are inhibitory) in the first half of summer season but eventually become refractory to the inhibitory effect of short days. Obvinusly, an acyclic condition is developed under constant long as well short day conditions maintaining the neurocndocrine-gonadal-axis in a continuously active state. We suggest that in nature although gonadal growth of this species does not synchronize with the increase in daily photoperiod, it is partially regulated by an interplay of annual photocycle and humidity conditions. Present study also indicates that this species has developed a strong photoperiodic mechanism which may surposs the reproductive effect of other environmental factors when maintained in constant conditions of day length.

关键词： In cycle Funambulus pennanti Effect of Photoperiod in the Regulation of the Annual Testicular Cycle of a Subtropical Mammal,the Indian Palm Squirrel

Effect of conservation structures on curbing rill erosion in micro-watersheds, northwest Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第3期7卷 239-247页

作者： Ermias Debie Kailash n.singh Mehretie belay Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debre Markos UniversityP.O.Box 169Debre MarkosEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Addis Ababa University P.O.Box1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Bahir-Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir-DarEthiopia

Accelerated soil erosion by water is a critical problem in Ethiopia,where population is rapidly growing and extensive farming systems are very common with no or less preventive *** study aimed to evaluate effects of conservation structures (terraces) in reducing the magnitude of rill erosion by using rill survey technique at cultivated field scales in relation to crop type and location in hill slope direction of the fields in the beribere micro-watershed (catchment),northwest *** study assessed factors accelerating rill erosion in the *** erosion in the terraced fields was reduced by 53.5%as compared to the non-terraced control *** the terraced areas,terracing damage is the main contributing factor to soil loss due to *** the non-terraced fields,entering of high erosive runoff from uphill areas and damage of drainage ditches were observed as the principal accelerating factors for initiation and development of rill erosion,whereas these processes had insignificant effect on rill erosion in the terraced ***,rill erosion shows spatial differences in terms of crop covers and location in hill slope direction of the study ***,there should be adequate criteria for effective communication between farmers and extension staff to design site-specific erosion control practices for addressing the *** study verifies that rill surveying is a significant method to pragmatic assessment of the effectiveness of terracing practices in controlling soil erosion by water.

关键词： Rill erosion Conservation structures Rill surveying Micro-watersheds Ethiopian highlands

Factors affecting farmers’participation in watershed management programs in the northeastern highlands of Ethiopia:a case study in the Teleyayen sub-watershed

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 137-151页

作者： Alem-meta Assefa Agidew K.n.singh Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Wollo UniversityP.O.Box 1145DessieEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:This study investigated factors affecting farmers’participation in watershed management programs in the northeastern highlands of Ethiopia by taking the Teleyayen sub-watershed as a case *** were collected from 215 farm households which were selected from the four villages using a multistage sampling procedure,involving a combination of purposive and random *** were gathered using a structured survey questionnaire,focus group discussion,and key informant *** analysis,Pearson correlation analysis,and regression analysis were employed to analyze the ***:Findings of this study showed that farmer’s perception has a strong positive correlation(r=0.612,P=0.000)with the farmer’s decision to participate in the watershed management programs followed by government support(r=0.163,P=0.017),while the slope of the farmland and the gender of the household head have shown significant and negative *** binary logistic regression analysis also revealed that six independent variables were significant in explaining the factors affecting the farmers’decision to participate in watershed management *** variables were land redistribution,gender,agricultural labor force,extension service,farm size,and *** these,land redistribution,gender,agricultural labor force,extension service,and slope of the farmland indicated a negative influence,while farm size of a household exerted a positive *** study also examined the role of discrete variables in explaining variations of variables in affecting the farmers’decision to participate in the ***,two variables found to be *** variables are the gender of the household head and land tenure ***,the chi-square result of the variable(χ^(2)=9.052)of gender was found to be statistically significant at the 95%level of ***,the chi-square result(X^(2)=8.792)of land tenure security was found to be statistically

关键词： binary logistic regression model Ethiopia Farmers’participation Watershed management

Ring Oscillator for 60 Meter bandwidth

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第7期46卷 93-105页

作者： Rachana Arya b.K.singh E.C.E.Department B.T.Kumaon Institute of TechnologyUttrakhnad Technical UniversityDehradun263653UttrakhandIndia Electrical Engineering Department B.T.K.I.T.DwarahatAlmoraUttrakhandIndia

The 60-meter band range is tremendously useful in telecommunication,military and governmental *** I.T.U.(International Telecommunication Union)required isolationism to former radio frequency services because the various frequency bands are extremely *** allocation of new frequency bands are a lengthy procedure as well as time *** a result,the researchers use bidirectional,amateur radio frequency communication for 60-meter band,usually the frequency slot of 5250-5450 KHz,although the entire band is not essentially obtainable for all *** transmission and reception of these frequencies,a local oscillator is used in the mixer unit to generate the local signal for mixing the input and reference *** this function different type of oscillators are *** this paper,a three-stage ring oscillator is designed with 1 V *** oscillators(RO)is the base to explore like to identifying,specify with modelling resources in the disparity in behaviour of the circuit in terms of industrialized design and layout *** type of oscillators are free from noise as inductor is not used to the circuit as in LC oscillator,Heartly oscillator,Colpitt and tuned *** present approach of circuit designing,the scaling of CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)transistor will moderate,the procedure *** the forthcoming article,a ring oscillator with fixed capacitor(1 pF)and with variable capacitors(1 to 100 pF)is *** frequency analysis with different capacitor is *** total delay of 3-stage oscillator is 4.82 ns with 5.2 MHz oscillation *** overall Power dissipation of the circuit is 1.852μWat 1 V *** simulation analysis is performed on 45 nm CMOS technology with both transistor width are 278 and 420 nm.

关键词： Ring oscillator power dissipation delay frequency sweep capacitor

Zooplankton community of Keibul Lamjao national Park (KLnP) Manipur, India in relation to the physico-chemical variables of the water

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第3期35卷 469-480页

作者： Aribam Satishchandra SHARMA Susmita GUPTA n Rajmuhon singh Department of Ecology and Environmental Science E. P. Odum School of Environmental Sciences Assam University Department of Chemistry Manipur University

Keibul Lamjao national Park （KLnP）, a floating park in Loktak Lake, Manipur （India） was studied from Winter （WIn） to Post Monsoon （POM） for its zooplankton composition and some selected water parameters. The resultant data were subjected to multivariate techniques---Principal Component Analysis （PCA） and Canonical Correspondence Analysis （CCA）. Analyses of water parameters with PCA revealed that the first PC axis （PC 1） accounts for maximum variance in the seasonal data, explaining a variability of 91%. The PCA revealed that the seasonal variability in water parameters was due to the wet and dry cycle of seasons and the stations were distinguished on the basis of transparency and turbidity. Zooplankton abundance was dominated by copepods followed by cladocerans. Temporally, abundance of copepods reached a maximum during Post-monsoon （POM）（3 880 ind./L）. Spatially, $6 was found to be most abundant of the other stations in zooplankton. Copepodites and nauplii larvae were the major components of zooplankton. The Rotifera were the least abundant among the three zooplankton groups. brachionus formed the major component of Rotifera zooplankton at all the stations during the study period. In the Cladocera, Macrothrix was present during all the four seasons, while Pleuroxus, Oxyurella, Kurzia and, Diaphanosoma were rare. The CCA shows that maximal temporal variability in zooplankton abundance was explained by temperature and rainfall. AnOVA revealed no significant difference in mean zooplankton abundance among the seasons, but there was a statistically significant difference among the sites.

关键词： zooplankton Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) abundance Loktak Lake

Genotypic Variation in Spatial Distribution of Fe in Rice Grains in Relation to Phytic Acid Content and Ferritin Gene Expression

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Rice science 2020年第3期27卷 227-236页

作者： Anurag MISHRA MdSHAMIM MdWASIM Siddiqui Akanksha singh Deepti SRIVASTAVA K.n.singh Department of Plant Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and TechnologyKumarganjFaizabadUttar Pradesh 224229India Division of Genetics ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012India Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering Dr.Kalam Agricultural CollegeKishanganj(Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpur)Bihar 855107India Department of Post-Harvest Technology Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpurBihar 813210India Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology(IIAST)Integral University Kursi RoadDasauliUttar Pradesh 226026India

Rice varieties having high Fe concentration in the endospermic region can be used as a good source for Fe deficit *** this study,303 Oryza sativa varieties and 1 Oryza rufipogon accession were assessed for spatial Fe accumulation in grains by Prussian blue staining *** ferritin protein distribution in grains was visualized by immunohistochemistry,and ferritin expression was assessed in selected rice varieties using semi-quantitative reverse transcription *** popular rice varieties,namely Sarjoo 52,Madhukar and Jalmagna,and the *** variety showed Fe in all the regions of grains,and the highest Fe concentration was observed in the embryo *** high-yielding varieties like Swarna,Swarna Sub 1,CSR13 and nDRR359 had lower Fe concentration in the embryo *** highest Fe concentration was detected in ***(49.8μg/g),followed by Sarjoo 52(26.1μg/g)and Madhukar(25.7μg/g).Phytic acid concentration was the minimum in ***(5.75 mg/g)followed by Sarjoo 52(5.83 mg/g).Western blot and semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR showed higher expression of ferritin gene in ***,Sarjoo 52 and *** conclusion,*** and Sarjoo 52 had higher Fe concentration in the embryo regions as well as endosperm and aleurone layer,whereas the other varieties had lower Fe concentration in the *** 52 could be used as a donor in the rice breeding program for the generation of new varieties with elevated grain Fe concentration.

关键词： bio-fortification iron accumulation ferritin tissue-specific localization iron deficit population

Evaluation of slope stability through rock mass classification and kinematic analysis of some major slopes along nH-1A from Ramban to banihal, north Western Himalayas

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 167-182页

作者： Amit Jaiswal A.K.Verma T.n.singh Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Indian Institute of Technology PatnaPatna801106India

The network of Himalayan roadways and highways connects some remote regions of valleys or hill slopes,which is vital for India’s socio-economic *** to natural and artificial factors,frequency of slope instabilities along the networks has been increasing over last few *** of stability of natural and artificial slopes due to construction of these connecting road networks is significant in safely executing these roads throughout the *** rock mass classification methods are generally used to assess the strength and deformability of rock *** study assesses slope stability along the nH-1A of Ramban district of north Western *** structurally and non-structurally controlled rock mass classification systems have been applied to assess the stability conditions of 14 *** evaluating the stability of these slopes,kinematic analysis was performed along with geological strength index(GSI),rock mass rating(RMR),continuous slope mass rating(CoSMR),slope mass rating(SMR),and Q-slope in the present *** SMR gives three slopes as completely unstable while CoSMR suggests four slopes as completely *** stability of all slopes was also analyzed using a design chart under dynamic and static conditions by slope stability rating(SSR)for the factor of safety(FoS)of 1.2 and 1 respectively.Q-slope with probability of failure(PoF)1%gives two slopes as stable *** slope angle has been determined based on the Q-slope safe angle equation and SSR design chart based on the *** value ranges given by different empirical classifications were RMR(37-74),GSI(27.3-58.5),SMR(11-59),and CoSMR(3.39-74.56).Good relationship was found among RMR&SSR and RMR&GSI with correlation coefficient(R 2)value of 0.815 and 0.6866,***,a comparative stability of all these slopes based on the above classification has been performed to identify the most critical slope along this road.

关键词： Rock mass classification Kinematic analysis Slope stability Himalayan road Static and dynamic conditions

Pathogenesis of achalasia cardia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第24期18卷 3050-3057页

作者： Uday C Ghoshal Sunil b Daschakraborty Renu singh Department of Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknow 226104India

Achalasia cardia is one of the common causes of motor *** the disease was first described more than 300 years ago,exact pathogenesis of this condition still remains ***,achalasia cardia is caused by loss of inhibitory ganglion in the myenteric plexus of the *** the initial stage,degeneration of inhibitory nerves in the esophagus results in unopposed action of excitatory neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine,resulting in high amplitude non-peristaltic contractions(vigorous achalasia);progressive loss of cholinergic neurons over time results in dilation and low amplitude simultaneous contractions in the esophageal body(classic achalasia).Since the initial description,several studies have attempted to explore initiating agents that may cause the disease,such as viral infection,other environmental factors,autoimmunity,and genetic *** Chagas disease,which mimics achalasia,is caused by an infective agent,available evidence suggests that infection may not be an independent cause of primary achalasia.A genetic basis for achalasia is supported by reports showing occurrence of disease in monozygotic twins,siblings and other first-degree relatives and occurrence in association with other genetic diseases such as Down's syndrome and Parkinson's *** in genes encoding for nitric oxide synthase,receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide,interleukin 23 and the ALADIn gene have been ***,studies on larger numbers of patients and controls from different ethnic groups are needed before definite conclusions can be ***,the disease is believed to be multi-factorial,with autoimmune mechanisms triggered by infection in a genetically predisposed individual leading to degeneration of inhibitory ganglia in the wall of the esophagus.

关键词： Esophagus Motor dysphagia Motility disor-der Peristalsis Esophageal sphincter