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Bright betatron radiation from direct-laseraccelerated electrons at moderate relativistic laser intensity

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第4期6卷 10-17页

作者： O.n.Rosmej X.F.Shen A.Pukhov L.Antonelli F.Barbato M.gyrdymov M.M.gunther S.Zahter V.S.Popov n.g.borisenko n.E.Andreev gSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung gmbH Planckstraße164291 DarmstadtGermany goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen fur FAIR(HFHF) Campus Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Straße 1260438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf Universitatsstraße 1DusseldorfGermany York Plasma Institute University of YorkChurch LaneHeslingtonYork YO105DQUnited Kingdom University of Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya St.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology(State University) Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussia P.n.Lebedev Physical Institute RASLeninsky Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussia

Direct laser acceleration(DLA)of electrons in a plasma of near-critical electron density(nCD)and the associated synchrotron-like radiation are discussed for moderate relativistic laser intensity(normalized laser amplitude a0≤4.3)and ps length *** regime is typical of kJ PW-class laser facilities designed for high-energy-density(HED)*** experiments at the PHELIX facility,it has been demonstrated that interaction of a 1019 W/cm2 sub-ps laser pulse with a sub-mm length nCD plasma results in the generation of high-current well-directed superponderomotive electrons with an effective temperature ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential[Rosmej et al.,Plasma *** Fusion 62,115024(2020)].Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations provide good agreement with the measured electron energy distribution and are used in the current work to study synchrotron radiation from the DLA-accelerated *** resulting x-ray spectrum with a critical energy of 5 keV reveals an ultrahigh photon number of 731011 in the 1–30 keV photon energy range at the focused laser energy of 20 *** simulations of betatron x-ray phase contrast imaging based on the DLA process for the parameters of a PHELIX laser are *** results are of interest for applications in HED experiments,which require a ps x-ray pulse and a high photon flux.

关键词： intensity relativistic critical

Time-of-flight methodologies with large-area diamond detectors for ion characterization in laser-driven experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2022年第1期10卷 53-63页

作者： M.Salvadori g.Di giorgio M.Cipriani M.Sciscio C.Verona P.L.Andreoli g.Cristofari R.De Angelis M.Pillon n.E.Andreev P.Antici n.g.borisenko D.giulietti M.Migliorati O.Rosmej S.Zahter F.Consoli Fusion and nuclear Safety Department ENEAFrascatiItaly InRS-EMT VarennesQCCanada Industrial Engineering Department University of Rome"Tor Vergata"RomeItaly Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASMoscowRussia P.n.Lebedev Physical Institute RASMoscowRussia Department of Physics University of PisaPisaItaly InFn of Pisa PisaItaly University of Rome“La Sapienza” RomeItaly InFn of Rome RomeItaly gSI Helmotzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung gmbH DarmstadtGermany goethe University Frankfurt FrankfurtGermany

The time-of-flight technique coupled with semiconductor detectors is a powerful instrument to provide real-time characterization of ions accelerated because of laser-matter ***,the presence of strong electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)generated during the interactions can severely hinder its *** this reason,the diagnostic system must be designed to have high EMP *** we present a new advanced prototype of detector,developed at EnEA-Centro Ricerche Frascati(Italy),with a large-area(15 mm×15 mm)polycrystalline diamond sensor having 150 μm *** tailored detector design and testing ensure high sensitivity and,thanks to the fast temporal response,high-energy resolution of the reconstructed ion *** detector was offline calibrated and then successfully tested during an experimental campaign carried out at the PHELIX laser facility(E_(L)~100 J,τ_(L)=750 fs,I_(L)(1-2.5)×10^(19)W/cm^(2))at gSI(germany).The high rejection to EMP fields was demonstrated and suitable calibrated spectra of the accelerated protons were obtained.

关键词： diamond detector ion diagnostics laser-matter interaction time of flight

Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl Lászlógál Sylvia nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tngCs). However, the use of tngCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tngC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tngCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tngCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tngCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tngCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tngCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tngCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tngCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

nucleoside modified mRnA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： Krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(Khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda gonzález Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Sex differences in aging and injured brain

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2901-2902页

作者： Jordan n.Williamson Yuan Yang University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Grainger College of EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringUrbanaILUSA Carle Foundation Hospital Stephenson Family Clinical Research InstituteClinical Imaging Research CenterUrbanaILUSA University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUrbanaILUSA northwestern University Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement SciencesChicagoILUSA

Background:The prevalence,age of onset,and symptomatology of traumatic brain injury,stroke,and neurodegenerative diseases(such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease)differ substantially between males and *** higher prevalence of these brain disorders has been attributed to females having a greater longevity compared with *** one of the greatest risk factors of acquired brain injury(such as stroke,traumatic brain injury caused by fall)and neurodegenerative disease is age.

关键词： Huntington prevalence traumatic

Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri Alberto Javier Ramos Laboratorio de neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this *** traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain *** astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are *** altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional *** therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute ***,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRnAs or lncRnA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

Making bridges between preclinical and clinical insights into age-related cognitive decline

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2321-2322页

作者： David VC Brito Clévio nóbrega Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute(ABC-RI) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Algarve Biomedical Center-(ABC) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences(FMCB) University of AlgarveGambelas CampusFaroPortugal

With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether th... 详细信息

关键词： bridges becoming insight

Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the gABA_B-gIRK assembly

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan Alejandro Martín-Belmonte Sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative neurobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (Schirinzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede synapse loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology