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Time-course pattern of neuronal loss and gliosis in gerbil hippocampi following mild, severe, or lethal transient global cerebral ischemia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1394-1403页

作者： Tae-Kyeong Lee Hyunjung Kim Minah Song Jae-Chul Lee Joon Ha Park Ji Hyeon Ahn Go Eun Yang Hyeyoung Kim Taek Geun Ohk myoung cheol shin Jun Hwi Cho Moo-Ho Won Depart merit of Neurobiology School of Medici ne Kangw on National University Chuncheon Gangwon Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Hallym University Chuncheon Gangwon Republic of Korea Department of Radiology Kangwon National University Hospital Chuncheon Gangxvon Republic of Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Chungju Hospital Konkuk University School of Medicine Chungju Chungcheongbuk Republic of Korea Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon Republic of Korea

Transient ischemia in the whole brain leads to neuronal loss/death in vulnerable brain regions. The striatum, neocortex and hippocampus selectively loose specific neurons after transient ischemia. Just 5 minutes of transient ischemia can cause pyramidal neuronal death in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) 1 field at 4 days after transient ischemia. In this study, we investigated the effects of 5-minute (mild), 15-minute (severe), and 20-minute (lethal) transient ischemia by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) on behavioral change and neuronal death and gliosis (astrocytosis and microgliosis) in gerbil hippocampal subregions (CA1-3 region and dentate gyrus). We performed spontaneous motor activity test to evaluate gerbil locomotor activity, cresyl violet staining to detect cellular distribution, neuronal nuclei immunohistochemistry to detect neuronal distribution, and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence to evaluate neuronal death. We also conducted immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Ibal) to evaluate astrocytosis and microgliosis, respectively. Animals subjected to 20-minute BCCAO died in at least 2 days. BCCAO for 15 minutes led to pyramidal cell death in hippocampal CA1-3 region 2 days later and granule cell death in hippocampal de匚tate gyrus 5 days later. Similar results were not found in animals subjected to 5-minute BCCAO. Gliosis was much more rapidly and severely progressed in animals subjected to 15-minute BCCAO than in those subjected to 5- minute BCCAO. Our results indicate that neuronal loss in the hippocampal formation following transient ischemia is significantly different according to regions and severity of transient ischemia. The experimental protocol was approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (AICUC) of Kangwon National University (approval No. KW-180124-1) on May 22, 2018.

关键词： transient global brain ischemia delayed neuronal death glial activation ischemic duration hippocampus spontaneous motor activity Mongolian gerbil histology neural regeneration

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Neuronal injury and tumor necrosis factor-alpha immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus in the early period of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest under normothermia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 2007-2013页

作者： Hyun-Jin Tae Il Jun Kang Tae-Kyeong Lee Jeong Hwi Cho Jae-Chul Lee myoung cheol shin Yoon Sung Kim Jun Hwi Cho Jong-Dai Kim Ji Hyeon Ahn Joon Ha Park In-Shik Kim Hyang-Ah Lee Yang Hee Kim Moo-Ho Won Young Joo Lee Bio-Safety Research Institute College of Veterinary Medicine Chonbuk National University Iksan South Korea Department of Food Science and Nutrition Hallym University Chuncheon South Korea Department of Neurobiology School of Medicine Kangwon National University Chuncheon South Korea Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine Kangwon National University Chuncheon South Korea Department of Emergency Medicine Samcheok Medical Center Samcheok South Korea Division of Food Biotechnology School of Biotechnology Kangwon National University Chuncheon South Korea Department of Biomedical Science Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hallym University Chuncheon South Korea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine Kangwon National University Chuncheon South Korea Department of Surgery School of Medicine Kangwon National University Chuncheon South Korea Department of Emergency Medicine Seoul Hospital College of Medicine Sooncheonhyang University Seoul South Korea

Low survival rate occurs in patients who initially experience a spontaneous return of circulation after cardiac arrest（CA）. In this study, we induced asphyxial CA in adult male Sprague-Daley rats, maintained their body temperature at 37 ± 0.5°C, and then observed the survival rate during the post-resuscitation phase. We examined neuronal damage in the hippocampus using cresyl violet（CV） and Fluore-Jade B（F-J B） staining, and pro-inflammatory response using ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1（Iba-1）, glial fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP）, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α） immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus after asphyxial CA in rats under normothermia. Our results show that the survival rate decreased gradually post-CA（about 63% at 6 hours, 37% at 1 day, and 8% at 2 days post-CA）. Rats were sacrificed at these points in time post-CA, and no neuronal damage was found in the hippocampus until 1 day post-CA. However, some neurons in the stratum pyramidale of the CA region in the hippocampus were dead 2 days post-CA. Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia in the CA1 region did not change until 1 day postCA, and they were activated（enlarged cell bodies with short and thicken processes） in all layers 2 days postCA. Meanwhile, GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes did not change significantly until 2 days post-CA. TNF-α immunoreactivity decreased significantly in neurons of the stratum pyramidale in the CA1 region 6 hours post-CA, decreased gradually until 1 day post-CA, and increased significantly again 2 days post-CA. These findings suggest that low survival rate of normothermic rats in the early period of asphyxia-induced CA is related to increased TNF-α immunoreactivity, but not to neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region.

关键词： nerve regeneration post-cardiac arrest syndrome normothermia neuronal damage gliosis tumor necrosis factor-alpha neural regeneration

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Effect of ischemic preconditioning on antioxidant status in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第7期11卷 1081-1089页

作者： Seung Min Park Chan Woo Park Tae-Kyeong Lee Jeong Hwi Cho Joon Ha Park Jae-Chul Lee Bai Hui Chen Bich-Na shin Ji Hyeon Ahn Hyun-Jin Tae myoung cheol shin Taek Geun Ohk Jun Hwi Cho Moo-Ho Won Soo Young Choi In Hye Kim Department of Emergency Medicine Sacred Heart HospitalCollege of MedicineHallym University Department of Emergency Medicine School of MedicineKangwon National University Department of Neurobiology School of MedicineKangwon National University Department of Physiology College of MedicineHallym University Department of Biomedical Science Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyHallym University

Ischemic preconditioning（IPC） is a condition of sublethal transient global ischemia and exhibits neuroprotective effects against subsequent lethal ischemic ***,in this study,examined the neuroprotective effects of IPC and its effects on immunoreactive changes of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase（SOD） 1 and SOD2,catalase（CAT） and glutathione peroxidase（GPX） in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain *** neurons of the stratum pyramidale（SP） in the hippocampal CA1 region of animals died 5 days after lethal transient ischemia without IPC（8.6%（ratio of remanent neurons） of the sham-operated group）;however,IPC prevented the pyramidal neurons from subsequent lethal ischemic injury（92.3%（ratio of remanent neurons） of the sham-operated group）.SOD1,SOD2,CAT and GPX immunoreactivities in the sham-operated animals were easily detected in pyramidal neurons in the stratum pyramidale（SP） of the hippocampal CA1 region,while all of these immunoreactivities were rarely detected in the stratum pyramidale at 5 days after lethal transient ischemia without ***,their immunoreactivities in the sham-operated animals with IPC were similar to（SOD1,SOD2 and CAT） or higher（GPX） than those in the sham-operated animals without ***,their immunoreactivities in the stratum pyramidale of the ischemia-operated animals with IPC were steadily maintained after lethal ischemia/*** of western blot analysis for SOD1,SOD2,CAT and GPX were similar to immunohistochemical *** conclusion,IPC maintained or increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes in the stratum pyramidale of the hippocampal CA1 region after subsequent lethal transient forebrain ischemia and IPC exhibited neuroprotective effects in the hippocampal CA1 region against transient forebrain ischemia.

关键词： hippocampal operated antioxidant stratum subsequent superoxide glutathione neuronal hippocampus peroxidase

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Parameter estimation for building energy models using GRcGAN

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Building Simulation 2023年第4期16卷 629-639页

作者： Hansol shin cheol-Soo Park Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826R.O.Korea Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering Institute of Engineering ResearchCollege of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826R.O.Korea

Parameter estimation methods can be classified into(1)manual(trial-and-error),(2)numerical optimization(optimization,sampling),(3)Bayesian inference(Bayes filter,Bayesian calibration),and(4)machine learning(generative model).Bayesian calibration has been widely used because it can capture stochastic nature of uncertain ***,the results of Bayesian calibration could be biased by(1)the prior distribution assumed by the expert’s subjective judgment;(2)the likelihood function that cannot always describe the true likelihood;and(3)the posterior distribution approximation method,such as the Markov Chain Monte Carlo,which requires significant computation *** overcome this,a new approach using a generator-regularized continuous conditional generative adversarial network(GRcGAN)is presented in this *** target parameters of the DOE reference building model were *** was trained to estimate uncertain parameters using simulated monthly electricity and gas *** can successfully estimate five uncertain parameters based on 1,000 training data *** proposed approach presents a potential for stochastic parameter estimation.

关键词： generative adversarial networks generative model parameter estimation inverse problem model calibration parameter uncertainty

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Activation or exhaustion of CD8^(+) T cells in patients with COVID-19

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第10期18卷 2325-2333页

作者： Min-Seok Rha Eui-cheol shin Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea.3 The Center for Epidemic PreparednessKAISTDaejeonRepublic of Korea

In addition to CD4^(+)T cells and neutralizing antibodies,CD8^(+)T cells contribute to protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),an ongoing pandemic *** patients with COVID-19,CD8^(+)T cells exhibiting activated phenotypes are commonly observed,although the absolute number of CD8^(+)T cells is *** addition,several studies have reported an upregulation of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors,such as PD-1,and the expression of exhaustion-associated gene signatures in CD8^(+)T cells from patients with ***,whether CD8^(+)T cells are truly exhausted during COVID-19 has been a controversial *** the present review,we summarize the current understanding of CD8^(+)T-cell exhaustion and describe the available knowledge on the phenotypes and functions of CD8^(+)T cells in the context of activation and *** also summarize recent reports regarding phenotypical and functional analyses of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8^(+)T cells and discuss long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8^(+)T-cell memory.

关键词： CD8^(+)T cell Activation T-cell exhaustion SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19

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Current innovations and future prospects of metal oxide electrospun materials for supercapacitor technology:A review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第35期166卷 208-233页

作者： Sonali Ajay Beknalkar Aviraj Mahadev Teli Jae cheol shin Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Dongguk University-Seoul30Pildong-roJung-guSeoul 04620South Korea

Metal oxides with one-dimensional(1-D)nanostructures have shown promise as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their unique properties,such as high aspect ratio,increased interaction between electrode and electrolyte,favourable mechanical strength,and short ion transportation pathways that im-prove the charge-discharge rates of electrons and *** is an effective technique for cre-ating 1-D metal oxide nanostructures that produce highly porous nanofibrous structures with exceptional specific surface areas,predictable pore size distributions,and tunable interconnected *** paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on electrospun metal oxide nanostructures for superca-pacitors,including the principles and key parameters of electrospinning,an overview of supercapacitors,the charge storage mechanism of electrospun metal oxides,and recent developments in 1-D electrospun nanostructures,from binary to ternary metal *** review also discusses unresolved issues and future directions in this research ***,this paper offers valuable insights into the latest devel-opments,unresolved issues,and prospects of 1-D nanostructured metal oxides fabricated through elec-trospinning for supercapacitor applications,providing a critical analysis of their potential in this rapidly evolving field.

关键词： Electrospinning Supercapacitor Metal oxides New strategies Nanofibers

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Landscapes of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8^(+)T cells:heterogeneity of host immune responses against SARS-CoV-2

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第5期6卷 1399-1401页

作者： June-Young Koh Eui-cheol shin Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea The Center for Epidemic Preparedness KAISTDaejeonRepublic of Korea

In a recent study published in Science Immunology,^Kusnadi et *** single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8^(+)T cells and reported ***-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19,which is an ongoing pandemic disease threatening public *** virology of SARS-CoV-2 and immune responses against the virus have been urgently investigated to develop effective measures against *** viral infection,CD84 T cells contribute to elimination of the virus by exerting cytotoxicity against virus-infected cells and producing effector cytokines,whereas neutralizing antibodies interfere with viral entry of host cells.

关键词： al. infection Immunology

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Comprehensive analysis of two-dimensional charge transport mechanism in thin-film transistors based on random networks of single-wall carbon nanotubes using transient measurements

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 1524-1531页

作者： Hyeonwoo shin Sang-Joon Park Byeong-cheol Kang Tae-Jun Ha Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Inter-university Semiconductor Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897Korea

Understanding charge transport mechanisms in thin-film transistors based on random networks of single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNT-TFTs)is essential for further advances to improve the potential for various nanoelectronic ***,a comprehensive investigation of the two-dimensional(2D)charge transport mechanism in SWCNT-TFTs is reported by analyzing the temperature-dependent electrical characteristics determined from the direct-current and non-quasi-static transient measurements at 80-300 *** elucidate the time-domain charge transport characteristics of the random networks in the SWCNTs,an empirical equation was derived from a theoretical trapping model,and a carrier velocity distribution was determined from the differentiation of the transient ***,charge trapping and de-trapping in shallow-and deep-traps in SWCNT-TFTs were analyzed by investigating charge transport based on their trapping/de-trapping *** comprehensive analysis of this study provides fundamental insights into the 2D charge transport mechanism in TFTs based on random networks of nanomaterial channels.

关键词： single-wall carbon nanotube random networks two-dimensional(2D)charge transport time-domain transient measurements charge trapping/de-trapping shallow-/deep-traps

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Aged T cells and cardiovascular disease

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第12期14卷 1009-1010页

作者： Min Kyung Jung Eui-cheol shin Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKAISTDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea

Memory T cells undergo replicative senescence via repetitive *** in other cells,replicative senescence of T cells is characterized by shortened telomeres.1 Immunophenotypes are also altered in replicative senescent T cells compared to young T *** humans,replicative senescent T cells typically lose expression of CD28,a costimulatory receptor,and acquire the expression of CD57 antigen,a terminally sulfated glycan carbohydrateepitope,1 though the mechanism underlying this regulation has not yet been clearly ***,CD28−or CD57+T cells are considered replicative senescent T cells in humans.

关键词： CD57 cardiovascular typically

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Korean Morphological Analysis for Korean-Vietnamese Statistical Machine Translation

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2017年第4期15卷 413-419页

作者： Quang-Phuoc Nguyen Joon-Choul shin cheol-Young Ock Department of IT Convergence University of Ulsan Ulsan 44610 Republic of Korea

This paper describes the experiments with Korean-to-Vietnamese statistical machine translation(SMT). The fact that Korean is a morphologically complex language that does not have clear optimal word boundaries causes a major problem of translating into or from Korean. To solve this problem, we present a method to conduct a Korean morphological analysis by using a pre-analyzed partial word-phrase dictionary(PWD).Besides, we build a Korean-Vietnamese parallel corpus for training SMT models by collecting text from multilingual magazines. Then, we apply such a morphology analysis to Korean sentences that are included in the collected parallel corpus as a preprocessing step. The experiment results demonstrate a remarkable improvement of Korean-to-Vietnamese translation quality in term of bi-lingual evaluation understudy(BLEU).

关键词： Factored translation models Korean-Vietnamese parallel corpus morphological analysis statistical machine translation(SMT)

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