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Epidemiology and Control of Congo Fever in Sacrificial Animals of Pakistan

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Veterinary Science Research 2019年第2期1卷 18-24页

作者： Hafiz muhammad Rizwan muhammad sohail sajid Haider Abbas muhammad Fiaz Qamar Qaiser Akram Mahvish Maqbool Section of Parasitology Department of PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary and Animal SciencesNarowalSub campus UVASLahore Department of Parasitology University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Department of Pathobiology College of Veterinary&Animal SciencesJhangSub campus UVASLahore Section of Microbiology Department of PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary and Animal SciencesNarowalSub campus UVASLahore

The cases and deaths due to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever(CCHF)virus commonly known as Congo virus(fatality rate 15%)have been reported throughout Pakistan from the last few years especially during religious occasion,*** annual increase in death rates due to CCHF demonstrate the importance of awareness of Congo fever at academia as well as public *** symptoms of Congo fever which appear one to nine days after tick bite,include sudden high fever,muscle aches,abdominal pain,headache,dizziness,sore eyes,jaundice,mood swings,confusion,aggression,and sensitivity to *** other signs include sore throat,joint pain,vomiting,diarrhea,hemorrhages,and bleeding from skin and large *** Infection has been reported in many species of wild as well as domestic animals including hares,cattle,sheep,goats,dogs,mice and *** least 31 species of Hyalomma,Boophilus,Rhipicephalus,Dermacentor(Ixodidae:hard ticks)act as vector of CCHF in which transovarial,transstadial and venereal transmission *** virus attacks the immune system of the host and influences the immune *** Congo fever virus can be isolated from blood,plasma and many body tissues(kidneys,liver,spleen,lungs,brain and bone marrow).Mice inoculation,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)can be used for detection of the ***,IgM and IgG antibodies against CCHFV can also be detected and *** of general public,tick control with acaricides,use of anti-CCHFV immunoglobulin,usage of approved repellents to prevent tick bites,wearing neutral-coloured garments,application of a permethrin spray to the clothing,avoiding tall grasses and shrubs,applying sunscreen,avoiding direct contact with the blood or tissues of animals are the factors for successful prevention of the infection.

关键词： Congo fever Transmission Eid-ul-Azha Epidemiology Control

Countrywide Survey for MERS-Coronavirus Antibodies in Dromedaries and Humans in Pakistan

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Virologica Sinica 2018年第5期33卷 410-417页

作者： Ali Zohaib muhammad Saqib muhammad Ammar Athar Jing Chen Awais-ur-Rahman Sial Saeed Khan Zeeshan Taj Halima Sadia Usman Tahir muhammad Haleem Tayyab muhammad Asif Qureshi muhammad Khalid Mansoor muhammad Ahsan Naeem Bing-Jie Hu Bilal Ahmed Khan Ikram Din Ujjan Bei Li Wei Zhang Yun Luo Yan Zhu Cecilia Waruhiu Iahtasham Khan Xing-Lou Yang muhammad sohail sajid Victor Max Corman Bing Yan Zheng-Li Shi CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Ctunese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy College of PharmacyHenan UniversityHenan 475004China Department of Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesPMAS-Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Dow University of Health Science Pakistan Karachi 74200 Department of Microbiology Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Livestock and Dairy Development Department(L&DD) Lahore 54000Pakistan College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Mlcroblology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Liaqat University of Medical and Health Science Pakistan Jamshoro 76090 Section of Epidemiology and Public Health Department of Chnical SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahore subcampusJhang 35200Pakistan Institute of Virology Chadte-Universitatsmedizin BerlinCorporate member of Free UniversityHumboldt-University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlin 10117Germany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Berlin 10117Germany

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe respiratory disease in humans. Although dromedary camels are considered as a major reservoir host, the MERS-CoV infection dynamics in camels are not fully understood. Through surveillance in Pakistan, nasal (n = 776) and serum (n = 1050)samples were collected from camels between November 2015 and February 2018. Samples were collected from animal markets, free-roaming herds and abattoirs. An in-house ELISA was developed to detect IgG against MERS-CoV. A total of 794 camels were found seropositive for MERS-CoV. Prevalence increased with the age and the highest seroprevalence was recorded in camels aged [ 10 years (81.37%) followed by those aged 3.1–10 years (78.65%) and B 3 years (58.19%).Higher prevalence was observed in female (78.13%) as compared to male (70.70%). Of the camel nasal swabs, 22 were found to be positive by RT-qPCR though with high Ct values. Moreover, 2,409 human serum samples were also collected from four provinces of Pakistan during 2016–2017. Among the sampled population, 840 humans were camel *** we found a high rate of MERS-CoV antibody positive dromedaries (75.62%) in Pakistan, no neutralizing antibodies were detected in humans with and without contact to camels.

关键词： Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Camel -Human Pakistan

Alternative Strategy for Development of Dielectric Calcium Copper Titanate‑Based Electrolytes for Low‑Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 310-332页

作者： sajid Rauf muhammad Bilal Hanif Zuhra Tayyab Matej Veis MAKYousaf Shah Naveed Mushtaq Dmitry Medvedev Yibin Tian Chen Xia Martin Motola Bin Zhu College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University BratislavaIlkovicova684215 BratislavaSlovakia Energy Storage Joint Research Center School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096People’s Republic of China Hydrogen Energy Laboratory Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry620066 EkaterinburgRussia School of Microelectronics Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062People’s Republic of China

The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of *** has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developing high oxide-ion conductivity in the electrolyte layer of *** this context,for the first time,a dielectric material,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO)is designed for LT-SOFCs electrolyte application in this *** individual CCTO and its heterostructure materials with a p-type Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ)(NCAL)semiconductor are evaluated as alternative electrolytes in LT-SOFC at 450–550℃.The single cell with the individual CCTO electrolyte exhibits a power output of approximately 263 mW cm^(-2) and an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of 0.95 V at 550℃,while the cell with the CCTO–NCAL heterostructure electrolyte capably delivers an improved power output of approximately 605 mW cm^(-2) along with a higher OCV over 1.0 V,which indicates the introduction of high hole-conducting NCAL into the CCTO could enhance the cell performance rather than inducing any potential short-circuiting *** is found that these promising outcomes are due to the interplay of the dielectric material,its structure,and overall properties that led to improve electrochemical mechanism in CCTO–***,density functional theory calculations provide the detailed information about the electronic and structural properties of the CCTO and NCAL and their heterostructure CCTO–*** study thus provides a new approach for developing new advanced electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.

关键词： LT-SOFCs Dielectric CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12) Semiconductor Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ) Ionic conductivity Heterostructure electrolyte

Improving the Position Accuracy and Computational Efficiency of UAV Terrain Aided Navigation Using a Two-Stage Hybrid Fuzzy Particle Filtering Method

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1193-1210页

作者： Sofia Yousuf muhammad Bilal Kadri College of Engineering Karachi Institute of Economics&TechnologyKarachi75190Pakistan College of Computer and Information Sciences Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

Terrain Aided Navigation(TAN)technology has become increasingly important due to its effectiveness in environments where Global Positioning System(GPS)is *** recent years,TAN systems have been extensively researched for both aerial and underwater navigation ***,many TAN systems that rely on recursive Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)position estimation methods,such as Extended Kalman Filters(EKF),often face challenges with divergence and instability,particularly in highly non-linear *** address these issues,this paper proposes and investigates a hybrid two-stage TAN positioning system for UAVs that utilizes Particle *** enhance the system’s robustness against uncertainties caused by noise and to estimate additional system states,a Fuzzy Particle Filter(FPF)is employed in the first *** approach introduces a novel terrain composite feature that enables a fuzzy expert system to analyze terrain non-linearities and dynamically adjust the number of particles in *** design allows the UAV to be efficiently localized in GPS-denied environments while also reducing the computational complexity of the particle filter in real-time *** the second stage,an Error State Kalman Filter(ESKF)is implemented to estimate the UAV’s *** ESKF is chosen over the conventional EKF method because it is more suitable for non-linear *** results demonstrate that the proposed fuzzy-based terrain composite method achieves high positional accuracy while reducing computational time and memory usage.

关键词： Sensor fusion fuzzy logic particle filter composite feature terrain aided navigation

Single-cell and spatial omics:exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： muhammad Junaid Eun Jeong Lee Su Bin Lim Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.

关键词： cellular diversity hypothalamus multi-omics single-cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics

Modeling and Comprehensive Review of Signaling Storms in 3GPP-Based Mobile Broadband Networks:Causes,Solutions,and Countermeasures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 123-153页

作者： muhammad Qasim Khan Fazal Malik Fahad Alturise Noor Rahman Department of Computer Science Iqra National UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Cybersecurity College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah52555Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Al-Fayha CollegeAl Jubayl31961Saudi Arabia

Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks,including the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)mobile broadband ***,they consume important and scarce network resources such as bandwidth and processing *** have been several reports of these control signaling turning into signaling storms halting network operations and causing the respective Telecom companies big financial *** paper draws its motivation from such real network disaster incidents attributed to signaling *** this paper,we present a thorough survey of the causes,of the signaling storm problems in 3GPP-based mobile broadband networks and discuss in detail their possible solutions and *** provide relevant analytical models to help quantify the effect of the potential causes and benefits of their corresponding *** important contribution of this paper is the comparison of the possible causes and solutions/countermeasures,concerning their effect on several important network aspects such as architecture,additional signaling,fidelity,etc.,in the form of a *** paper presents an update and an extension of our earlier conference *** our knowledge,no similar survey study exists on the subject.

关键词： Signaling storm problems control signaling load analytical modeling 3GPP networks smart devices diameter signaling mobile broadband data access data traffic mobility management signaling network architecture 5G mobile communication

Comprehensive Review and Analysis on Facial Emotion Recognition:Performance Insights into Deep and Traditional Learning with Current Updates and Challenges

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 41-72页

作者： Amjad Rehman muhammad Mujahid Alex Elyassih Bayan AlGhofaily Saeed Ali Omer Bahaj Artificial Intelligence&Data Analytics Lab College of Computer&Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia MIS Department College of Business Administration Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlKharj11942Saudi Arabia

In computer vision and artificial intelligence,automatic facial expression-based emotion identification of humans has become a popular research and industry *** demonstrations and applications in several fields,including computer games,smart homes,expression analysis,gesture recognition,surveillance films,depression therapy,patientmonitoring,anxiety,and others,have brought attention to its significant academic and commercial *** study emphasizes research that has only employed facial images for face expression recognition(FER),because facial expressions are a basic way that people communicate meaning to each *** immense achievement of deep learning has resulted in a growing use of its much architecture to enhance *** review is on machine learning,deep learning,and hybrid methods’use of preprocessing,augmentation techniques,and feature extraction for temporal properties of successive frames of *** following section gives a brief summary of assessment criteria that are accessible to the public and then compares them with benchmark results the most trustworthy way to assess FER-related research topics *** this review,a brief synopsis of the subject matter may be beneficial for novices in the field of FER as well as seasoned scholars seeking fruitful avenues for further *** information conveys fundamental knowledge and provides a comprehensive understanding of the most recent state-of-the-art research.

关键词： Face emotion recognition deep learning hybrid learning CK+ facial images machine learning technological development

Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： K.muhammad M.SARFRAZ Department of Humanities and Sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate remains stationary, while the other moves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(Si O2) nanoparticles is formulated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invoking magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) effects. Further, the model accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem is solved via NDSolve in MATHEMATICA. Numerical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management strategies. It is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less time in the region between the plates. The thermal relaxation, however, abruptly changes the temperature, leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

关键词： Nanofluidics

Exploring Nanoscale Perovskite Materials for Next‑Generation Photodetectors:A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 46-108页

作者： Xin Li Sikandar Aftab Maria Mukhtar Fahmid Kabir muhammad Farooq Khan Hosameldin Helmy Hegazy Erdi Akman State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology National University of Defense TechnologyHefei 230037AnhuiPeople’s Republic of China Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology Hefei 230037AnhuiPeople’s Republic of China Nanhu Laser Laboratory Changsha 410015HunanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering and Clean Energy Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBC V5A 1S6Canada Department of Electrical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia Central Labs King Khalid UniversityAlQura’aP.O.Box 96061413 AbhaSaudi Arabia Scientific and Technological Research and Application Center Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University70100 KaramanTurkey

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has sparked much interest in applying nanoscale perovskite materials for photodetection *** materials are promising candidates for next-generation photodetectors(PDs)due to their unique optoelectronic properties and flexible synthesis *** review explores the approaches used in the development and use of optoelectronic devices made of different nanoscale perovskite architectures,including quantum dots,nanosheets,nanorods,nanowires,and *** a thorough analysis of recent literature,the review also addresses common issues like the mechanisms underlying the degradation of perovskite PDs and offers perspectives on potential solutions to improve stability and scalability that impede widespread *** addition,it highlights that photodetection encompasses the detection of light fields in dimensions other than light intensity and suggests potential avenues for future research to overcome these obstacles and fully realize the potential of nanoscale perovskite materials in state-of-the-art photodetection *** review provides a comprehensive overview of nanoscale perovskite PDs and guides future research efforts towards improved performance and wider applicability,making it a valuable resource for researchers.

关键词： Nanoscale perovskites Photodetectors Nanosheets Nanorods Nanowires Quantum dots Nanocrystals