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Effect of thinning intensity on tree growth and temporal variation of seed and cone production in a Pinus koraiensis plantation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第3期30卷 835-845页

作者： Thanh Tuan Nguyen Dinh Tien Tai Peng Zhang muhammad razaq Hai-Long Shen School of Forestry Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040People’s Republic of China Department of Forestry Vietnam Forestry University-Second CampusOkayamaDongnai 810000Vietnam Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama UniversityOkayamaJapan

Thinning of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) is used to facilitate timber and cone production. The present study in Northeast China investigated the effects of thinning intensity on individual tree growth, temporal variation in cone yield, and seed quality in Korean pine plantation. In 2005, five thinning intensity levels (none, extreme, heavy, moderate and light) were set in 15 permanent plots in a 32-year-old Korean pine plantation at Mengjiagang Forest Farm, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province. We recorded tree growth and seed cone production from 2013 to 2016, i.e., from 8 to 11 years after thinning. Except for height growth, thinning increased tree growth (diameter at breast height and crown size) and improved cone yield. The extreme thinning treatment (to 300 trees per hectare) resulted in the largest tree diameter, tree volume, crown size and 4-year cone production per tree. The highest cone yield per tree in the mast year (2014) was observed when stands were thinned to 500 trees per hectare (heavy thinning). Although the best cone and seed quality and the largest cone and seed mass per tree were recorded in the heavily thinned stand, no significant differences were found between heavy and moderate thinning stands (750 trees per hectare). At the stand level, the moderately thinned stand had the highest basal area, stock volume and seed cone production per stand. Our results suggest that thinning to 750 trees per hectare will improve timber and cone productivity in 40-year-old P. koraiensis stands.

关键词： Korean pine Thinning intensity Seed yield Tree growth Temporal variation in cone yield

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Induced Polyploidy as a Tool for Increasing Tea(Camellia sinensis L.) Production

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2015年第3期22卷 43-47页

作者： Hasnain Alam muhammad razaq Salahuddin Department of Biotechnology International Islamic University Department of Silviculture Northeast Forestry University

Tea （Camellia sinensis L.） represents different ploidy levels. In the present paper, we reviewed the recent data on the diploid, aneuploid and polyploid formed their origin and chemically induced polyploidy and predicted it role in teagenetic improvement for better yield. Different polidy levels had different effects on tea physiology. Tetraploid and triploid had more vigour and hardness due to increased size of cells, while triploid could have even more vigours due to increased size of cells and sterilities. Chemically induced polyploidy had been found an important tool for improving plant physiology and production, therefore, induced polyploids should be produced to overcome the problem of low yield and limited rainfall in tea growing areas.

关键词： tea Camellia sinensis polyploidy

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Effect of Different Indole-3-Buteric Acid(IBA)Concentrations and Cutting Types on Plane Trees(Platanus orientalis L.)

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2017年第1期24卷 16-20页

作者： muhammad razaq Hasnain Alam muhammad Irshad Salahuddin Departement of Silviculture Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China Agricultural Research Institute MingoraPakistan Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology International Islamic UniversityIslamabadPakistan Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002China

Effects of different Indole-3-Buteric Acid （IBA） concentrations （0, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 500 ppm） and curing types （soft wood, semi hard and hard wood） of plane tree were investigated with Randomized Complete Block Design （RCBD） at the Agricultural research station, Charsadda. The maximum survival percentage, plant height （cm）, root length （era）, numbers of roots and root weight per cutting were significantly higher in hard wood cuttings. IBA concentration had no speculative effect on plane tree cuttings. Thus, hard wood cutting was the best choice for plan tree propagation.

关键词： Platanus orientalis L. Indole-3-Buteric Acid (IBA) cutting type propagation

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Screening of Adoptive Elite Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clones

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2015年第4期22卷 33-36页

作者： muhammad razaq Hasnain Alam muhammad Ishfaq Salahuddin Department of Silviculture Northeast Forestry University Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology International Islamic University University of Haripur

The research screening of adoptive elite tea clones was conducted at NTRI, Mansehra during 2011-2012. Nine clones 101Aa, 105aa, 108aa, 561aa, ll7aa, 219ab, 470bb and 180bd were evaluated for seedling performance. Randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Data was recorded on various morphological characters after 8 months. The results showed that high survival percentage, shoot length, number of roots plant-1, number of leaves plant1 and root length were observed in clone 105aa. While the highest fresh weight and dry weight of leaves were observed in clones 117aa and 105aa. The clone 105aa was drought resistant, high survival percentage and root growth. On the basis of the results, clone 105aa was recommended for cultivation through cuttings in the hilly areas of Pakistan where unequal rainfall distribution was a major hitch.

关键词： tea Camellia sinensis clone

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Effect of Organic and Inorganic Phosphorous on Growth of Roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2016年第3期23卷 23-30页

作者： Hasnain Alam muhammad razaq Salahuddin Jaffar Khan Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology International Islamic University Department of Silviculture Northeast Forestry University Department of Horticulture Faculty of Crop Production Sciences University of Agriculture Peshawar

To investigate the performance of organic and inorganic phosphorous on growth of Roselle （Hibiscus sabdariffa L.）, an experiment was carried out at Newly Developmental Farm （NDF）, Horticulture Section, the university of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan, during 2012. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design （RCBD） with split plot arrangement and replicated three times. The chemical fertilizer Single Super Phosphate （SSP） was used as inorganic source of phosphorus, while Organic Phosphate （OP） from organic product produced by Niha corporation containing 20% organic mineralized P205, was used as the source of organic phosphorous. Both the sources of fertilizer were applied at the rate of 10, 20, 30 40 and 50 kg. hm2 and control. The statistical analysis of data revealed that both the sources and levels of phosphorus significantly affected most of the growth parameters of Roselle except germination percentage and survival percentage. Plant height （112.09 era）, numbers of leave plant1 （177.87）, numbers of branch plant1 （4.08）, leaf areas （126.60 cm2）, days to flowering （142.83）, fresh flower weight （2.56 g）, fresh calyx weight （1.70 g）, dry calyx weight （0.43 g）, numbers of calyces （94.10）, numbers of root plant-1 （11.03）, root length （22.67 cm） and root weight （27.50 g） were observed in plants fertilized with organic source of phosphorous. Phosphorous levels significantly affected all of the parameters except germination percentage and survival percentage. The maximum plant height （124.39 cm）, numbers of branches （5.32）, numbers of leave plantl （204.89）, leaf areas （148.14 cm2）, fresh flower weight （3.32 g）, fresh calyx weight （2.04 g）, dry calyx weight （0.51 g）, numbers of calyces （105.30）, numbers of root plant-1 （12.78）, root length （24.50 cm） and root weight （29.94 g） were observed in plants fertilized with 40 kg. hm-2 phosphorous and the maximum numbers of days to flowering （148.17） were observed in the control plants. It was concluded from t

关键词： organic farming organic phosphorous Roselle

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Response of French Bean Cultivars to Plant Spacing Under Agroclimatic Condition of Baffa

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2016年第1期23卷 16-19页

作者： Naveed Ahmed muhammad razaq Hasnain Alam Salahuddin Department of Horticulture University of Agriculture Peshawar Department of Silviculture Northeast Forestry University Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology International Islamic University

This experiment was carried out at Mansehra during cropping season of 2013. There were three French bean cultivars and four different plant spacings. The experiment was laid out on a Randomized Complete Block Design （RCBD） with three replications. Different cultivars, plant spacings and their interactions significantly influenced all the parameters studied. Maximum days to flowering （59.33） and seed maturity （97.66） were recorded in cultivar Komal Green grown at 15 cm spacing, while, maximum 100-grain weight （42.20 g） was noted in cultivar Peshawar Local grown at 60 cm spacing. However, maximum fresh pod yield·plant^-1 （109.67 g）, number of seed·pod^-1 （7.99） and seed ***2 （1 4373 kg） were recorded in cultivar Paulista grown at spacing of 45 cm. Whereas, maximum plant height （40.50 cm） was noticed in cultivar Paulista grown at 15 era plant spacing. While, the least number of days to flowering （50.33） and to seed maturity （85.66） were taken by cultivar Paulista grown at 60 cm plant spacing. Likewise, minimum seed yield （311.9 kg·hm^2） was recorded in plants of cultivar Komal Green spaced at 60 cm plant spacing. While, minimum fresh pod weight, plantI （67.00 g） and number of seed·pod^-1 （4.66） were attained in cultivar Peshawar Local grown at 15 cm plant spacing, whereas, minimum plant height （27.59 cm） and 100-grain weight （15.60 g） were recorded for cultivar Komal Green grown at 45 and 15 cm, respectively.

关键词： French bean cultivar plant spacing

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Phylogeography and diversification of Oriental weaverbirds(Ploceus spp.):A gradual increase of eurytopy

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 511-522页

作者： Abdul razaq Giovanni Forcina Urban Olsson Qian Tang Robert Tizard Naing Lin Nila Pwint Aleem Ahmed Khan Institute of Pure&Applied Biology Zoology DivisionBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan Universidad de Alcala(UAH) Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Group(GloCEE)Departamento de Ciencias de La Vida28805Alcala de HenaresSpain CIBIO Centro de Investigaçao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenaeticosInBIO Laborataorio AssociadoUniversidade do PortoCampus de Vairao4485-661VairaoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de Vairao4485-661VairaoPortugal Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of GothenburgBox 463SE-40530GothenburgSweden Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Box 461SE-40530GothenburgSweden Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore16 Science Drive 4Republic of Singapore Wildlife Conservation Society Global Conservation ProgramBronxNYUSA Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental ConservationNaypyidawMyanmar

Weaverbirds are a speciose group of colorful passerines inhabiting the Old World ***,the Oriental weaverbirds(Ploceus spp.),widespread across southern Asia,are much less diverse and restricted to a few ecological niches compared to their African *** investigate their phylogeography,we retrieved 101 samples of Baya Weaver(***),Streaked Weaver(***),Black-Throated Weaver(***)and Asian Golden Weaver(***)along with GenBank sequences of Finn's Weaver(***).We reconstructed the first molecular phylogeny based on a dataset consisting of both mitochondrial and nuclear genes,dating the most recent common ancestor of Oriental Ploceus to~11 *** speciation appears to have been a combination of divergence within the Indian subcontinent and dispersal across a barrier situated between the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese region,which provided habitats with a varying degree of isolations and ultimately promoted divergences in *** descendants of the earliest nodes,*** and ***,are both rare and local,often found near large river systems,which perhaps reflects niche conservatism and a lack of adaptive *** three smaller species are all widespread,common and less habitat *** most recent divergence,between western and eastern *** populations,is supported by both phylogenetic and morphological evidence,pointing toward limited gene flow between ***,a zone of intergradation may exist in Myanmar and Brahmaputra flood plains,thus preventing a recommendation for species level recognition without further study.

关键词： Avian phylogenetics Indian subcontinent Indochinese region Multilocus analyses Ploceidae

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London 2012 Olympic Games＂ Challenges Faced by Islamic Olympians Fasting for Ramadan

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Management Studies 2015年第3期3卷 154-168页

作者： razaq Raj Tahir Rashid Leeds Beckett University Leeds UK University of Salford Manchester UK

Fasting is a common practice among many religions in the world. In the ancient religions, fasting was observed as common religious practice associated with many religious festivals. Fasting was also observed in the Judaism and Christianity as part of the religious belief. Therefore, Islam has also prescribed fasting for Muslim in the form of a-month long period of obligatory acts of worship. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, during which they observed the fasting among daylight hours. The paper has explored significance of Ramadan and impact it had on Muslim athletes during the London 2012 Olympic Games. The Olympic Games were scheduled during the month of Ramadan and the impact of the Olympic Games on Muslim athletes, visitors, and viewers was described, because main Olympic events were scheduled during the breaking of the fast. This paper presents the findings of the primary research undertaken to assess the views and opinions of both the Islamic religion and other religions, concerning the impact of religious festivals on the Olympic Games. The results concluded that most of the people have no idea that there could be an impact of religious festivals on the Olympic Games.

关键词： Ramadan fasting Olympic Games Islamic Muslim athletes religion

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Effect of alloying elements W,Ti,Sn on microstructure and mechanical properties of gray iron 220

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China Foundry 2019年第6期16卷 393-398页

作者： Abdul razaq Jian-xin Zhou Talib Hussain Zhi-xin Tu Ya-jun Yin Xiao-yuan Ji Gen Xiao Xu Shen State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology Huazhong University of Science&TechnologyWuhan430074China National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210042China Excel Engineering(Pvt)Ltd 131/4 Quaid-e-Azam Industrial Estate Kot LakhpatLahore-Pakistan

Experiments were carried out to observe the variation in microstructure and mechanical properties of gray cast iron by adding pearlite promoting alloying elements such as Ti,Sn and *** show that adding Sn,Ti,and W with different concentrations improve the microstructure,Brinell hardness and tensile strength of gray cast *** the increase of alloying element concentration,the average graphite length and graphite content increase *** the same time,average cell size and the maximum graphite length also decrease *** hardness and tensile strength of gray cast iron also increase with an increase in alloying elements contents,and attain the maximum when Ti=0.561%,Sn=0.561%and W=0.945%.However,at higher concentrations of Ti=0.810%,Sn=0.631%and W=1.351%,the tensile strength decreases from 333 MPa to 297 MPa and the Brinell hardness decreases from 248 HB to 225 *** decrease in tensile strength and Brinell hardness at the higher concentration level is attributed to the formation of coarse and thick graphite flakes.

关键词： gray cast iron tin titanium tungsten mechanical properties

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Stability of Triangular Points of the Generalized Photogravitational Robes Restricted Three-Body Problem

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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第6期4卷 864-868页

作者： Abdul razaq Abdul Raheem Department of Statistics and Mathematical Sciences Kwara State University Malete-Ilorin Nigeria

The linear stability of the triangular points was studied for the Robes restricted three-body problem when the bigger primary (rigid shell) is oblate spheroid and the second primary is radiating. The critical mass obtained depends on the oblateness of the rigid shell and radiation of the second primary as well as the density parameter k. The stability of the triangular points depends largely on the values of k. The destabilizing tendencies of the oblateness and radiation factors were enhanced when k > 0 and weakened for k .

关键词： Stability Triangular Points Robes Problem Density Parameter

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