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National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1018-1042页

作者： Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham Abbas irfan Ahmed muhammad Atique Usman Iqbal Aujla muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Amna Subhan Butt Osama Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider Syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz Khan muhammad Shoaib Khan muhammad Yasir Khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran Rashid Sohail Rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Ammara Naveed Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Dr.Ziauddin University HospitalKarachi 75600SindhPakistan University of Aberdeen Aberdeen B243FXUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Radiology Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Oncology Hameed Latif HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Division of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Shifa International HospitalIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Post Graduate Medical InstituteLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Liver Transplant Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Medicine&Gastroenterology Lifecare Hospital and Research CentrePeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver Transplant Bahria International HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Surgery Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver TransplantDow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionPir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Oncology Dr.Ziauddin HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Radiology Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25000Pakistan Army Liver Transplant Unit Pak Emirates Military HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 75500Pakistan Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer Clinic Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer ClinicRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroentero

A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the *** Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this *** effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these *** coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective *** diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance *** cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for ***,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before *** ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for *** only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette *** patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver *** chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of *** use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary *** with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary *** chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth-Corlette classification Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre Staging Preoperative biliary drainage Portal vein embolisation Surgical resection Hepatectomy

An Abstractive Summarization Technique with Variable Length Keywords as per Document Diversity

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 2409-2423页

作者： muhammad Yahya Saeed muhammad Awais muhammad Younas muhammad Arif Shah Atif Khan M.irfan uddin Marwan Mahmoud Department of Software Engineering Government College UniversityFaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of IT and Computer Science Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyHaripurPakistan Department of Computer Science Islamia College PeshawarPeshawarPakistan Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohatPakistan Faculty of Applied Studies King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Text Summarization is an essential area in text mining,which has procedures for text *** natural language processing,text summarization maps the documents to a representative set of descriptive ***,the objective of text extraction is to attain reduced expressive contents from the text *** summarization has two main areas such as abstractive,and extractive *** text summarization has further two approaches,in which the first approach applies the sentence score algorithm,and the second approach follows the word embedding *** such text extractions have limitations in providing the basic theme of the underlying *** this paper,we have employed text summarization by TF-IDF with PageRank keywords,sentence score algorithm,and Word2Vec word *** study compared these forms of the text summarizations with the actual text,by calculating cosine ***,TF-IDF based PageRank keywords are extracted from the other two extractive *** intersection over these three types of TD-IDF keywords to generate the more representative set of keywords for each text document is *** technique generates variable-length keywords as per document diversity instead of selecting fixedlength keywords for each *** form of abstractive summarization improves metadata similarity to the original text compared to all other forms of summarized *** also solves the issue of deciding the number of representative keywords for a specific text *** evaluate the technique,the study used a sample of more than eighteen hundred text *** abstractive summarization follows the principles of deep learning to create uniform similarity of extracted words with actual text and all other forms of text *** proposed technique provides a stable measure of similarity as compared to existing forms of text summarization.

关键词： Metadata page rank sentence score word2vec cosine similarity This

An Efficient Proxy Blind Signcryption Scheme for IoT

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 4293-4306页

作者： Aamer Khan Insaf Ullah Fahad Algarni muhammad Naeem M.irfan uddin muhammad Asghar Khan Department of Information Technology Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyAbbotabadPakistan Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology Islamabad44000Pakistan College of Computing and Information Technology University of BishaBishaSaudi Arabia Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohatPakistan

Recent years have witnessed growing scientific research interest in the Internet of Things(IoT)technologies,which supports the development of a variety of applications such as health care,Industry 4.0,agriculture,ecological data management,and other various *** utilizes the Internet as a prime medium of communication for both single documents as well as multi-digital ***,due to the wide-open nature of the Internet,it is important to ensure the anonymity,untraceably,confidentiality,and unforgeability of communication with efficient computational complexity and low *** designed a light weight and secure proxy blind signcryption for multi-digital messages based on a hyperelliptic curve(HEC).Our results outperform the available schemes in terms of computational cost and communication *** designed scheme also has the desired authentication,unforgeability of warrants and/or plaintext,confidentiality,integrity,and blindness,***,our scheme is more suitable for devices with low computation power such as mobiles and tablets.

关键词： Proxy signcryption multi-digital-documents proxy blind signcryption hyperelliptic curve IoT

Speech Recognition-Based Automated Visual Acuity Testing with Adaptive Mel Filter Bank

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 2991-3004页

作者： Shibli Nisar muhammad Asghar Khan Fahad Algarni Abdul Wakeel M.irfan uddin Insaf Ullah Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad44000Pakistan Hamdard Institute of Engineering&Technology Islamabad44000Pakistan College of Computing and Information Technology University of BishaBishaSaudi Arabia Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohatPakistan

One of the most commonly reported disabilities is vision loss,which can be diagnosed by an ophthalmologist in order to determine the visual system of a *** procedure,however,usually requires an appointment with an ophthalmologist,which is both time-consuming and expensive *** issues that can arise include a lack of appropriate equipment and trained practitioners,especially in rural *** on a cognitively motivated attribute extraction and speech recognition approach,this paper proposes a novel idea that immediately determines the eyesight *** proposed system uses an adaptive filter bank with weighted mel frequency cepstral coefficients for feature *** adaptive filter bank implementation is inspired by the principle of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio that is aware of its environment and adapts to statistical variations in the input stimuli by learning from the *** performance evaluation demonstrates the potential of our automated visual acuity test method to achieve comparable results to the clinical ground truth,established by the expert ophthalmologist’s *** overall accuracy achieved by the proposed model when compared with the expert ophthalmologist test is 91.875%.The proposed method potentially offers a second opinion to ophthalmologists,and serves as a cost-effective pre-screening test to predict eyesight loss at an early stage.

关键词： Eyesight test speech recognition HMM SVM feature extraction

Ambiguity Resolution in Direction of Arrival Estimation with Linear Antenna Arrays Using Differential Geometry

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 581-599页

作者： Alamgir Safi muhammad Asghar Khan Fahad Algarni muhammad Adnan Aziz M.irfan uddin Insaf Ullah Tanweer Ahmad Cheema Department of Electronic Engineering ISRA UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Hamdard Institute of Engineering&Technology Islamabad44000Pakistan College of Computing and Information Technology University of BishaBishaSaudi Arabia Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohatPakistan

Linear antenna arrays(LAs)can be used to accurately predict the direction of arrival(DOAs)of various targets of interest in a given ***,under certain conditions,LA suffers from the problem of ambiguities among the angles of targets,which may result inmisinterpretation of such *** order to cope up with such ambiguities,various techniques have been ***,none of them fully resolved such a problem because of rank deficiency and high computational *** aimed to resolve such a problem by proposing an algorithm using differential *** proposed algorithm uses a specially designed doublet antenna array,which is made up of two individual linear *** angle observation models,ambiguous observation model(AOM)and estimated observation model(EOM),are derived for each individual *** ambiguous set of angles is contained in the AOM,which is obtained from the corresponding array elements using differential *** EOM for each array,on the other hand,contains estimated angles of all sources impinging signals on each array,as calculated by a direction-finding algorithm such as the genetic *** algorithm then contrasts the EOM of each array with its AOM,selecting the output of that array whose EOM has the minimum correlation with its corresponding *** comparison to existing techniques,the proposed algorithm improves estimation accuracy and has greater precision in antenna aperture selection,resulting in improved resolution capabilities and the potential to be used more widely in practical *** simulation results using MATLAB authenticates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Antenna array direction of arrival ambiguity resolution doublet antenna array ambiguous observation model estimated observation model

Deepdive:a learning-based approach for virtual camera in immersive contents

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2022年第3期4卷 247-262页

作者： muhammad irfan muhammad MUNSIF Department of Computer Science Oakland UniversityMichiganUSA Digital Image Processing Laboratory Islamia CollegePeshawarPakistan

A 360°video stream provide users a choice of viewing one's own point of interest inside the immersive *** head or hand manipulations to view the interesting scene in a 360°video is very tedious and the user may view the interested frame during his head/hand movement or even lose *** automatically extracting user's point of interest(UPI)in a 360°video is very challenging because of subjectivity and difference of *** handle these challenges and provide user's the best and visually pleasant view,we propose an automatic approach by utilizing two CNN models:object detector and aesthetic score of the *** proposed framework is three folded:pre-processing,Deepdive architecture,and view selection *** first fold,an input 360°video-frame is divided into three sub frames,each one with 120°*** second fold,each sub-frame is passed through CNN models to extract visual features in the sub-frames and calculate aesthetic ***,decision pipeline selects the sub frame with salient object based on the detected object and calculated aesthetic *** compared to other state-of-the-art techniques which are domain specific approaches i.e.,support sports 360°video,our syste m support most of the 360°videos *** evaluation of proposed framework on our own collected data from various websites indicate performance for different categories of 360°videos.

关键词： Virtual reality Immersive contents Deep learning Aesthetic Saliency

Estimation of soil carbon pools in the forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2313-2321页

作者： Anwar Ali muhammad irfan Ashraf Saeed Gulzar muhammad Akmal Bilal Ahmad Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar 25130Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Soil Science PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Agriculture Sciences and Forestry University of SwatSwat 19130Pakistan

Forest soils have high carbon densities compared to other *** carbon sequestration is important to reduce CO 2 concentrations in the *** eff ective climate change mitigation strategy involves limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases from *** Pakhtunkhwa is the most forested province of Pakistan,hosting about one-third of the country’s 4.5×106 ha forest *** organic carbon in the province’s forests was estimated through a fi eld-based study carried out during 2014–17 covering the whole *** was collected from 373 sample plots laid out in diff erent forest types using a stratifi ed cluster sampling *** total quantity of soil organic carbon was estimated at 59.4×106 t with an average of 52.4±5.3 t/*** 69%of the total soil carbon is present in temperate *** broad-leaved and subtropical pine forests constitute 11.4%and 8.8%of the soil carbon stock ***,subalpine and oak forests have respective shares of 5.1%and 5.7%in the soil carbon *** lowest carbon stock(0.1%)was found in dry-tropical thorn *** highest soil carbon density was found in subalpine forests(69.5±7.2 t/ha)followed by moist temperate forests(68.5±6.7 t/ha)and dry temperate forests(60.7±6.5 t/ha).Oak forests have carbon density of 43.4±7.1 t/*** pine,subtropical broad-leaved and dry tropical thorn forests have soil carbon densities of 36.3±3.7,32.8±6.2 and 31.5±3.5 t/ha,*** forests of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have substantial amounts of soil carbon which must be conserved for climate change mitigation and maintenance of sound forest health.

关键词： Soil carbon Carbon sequestration Climate change Carbon sink Forests Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Neural stem cell-based in vitro bioassay for the assessment of neurotoxic potential of water samples

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 72-86页

作者： muhammad irfan Masood Natalie Tamara Hauke muhammad Jawad Nasim muhammad Sarfraz Mahrukh Naseem Karl Herbert Schäfer Division of Bioorganic Chemistry School of PharmacySaarland UniversityD-66123 SaarbrückenGermany Applied Life Sciences University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern66482 ZweibrückenGermany ENS Group University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern66482 ZweibrückenGermany Abwasserverband Bergstrasse Altau 1069469 WeinheimGermany Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences54000 LahorePakistan Department of Zoology University of BalochistanQuetta 87550Pakistan

Intensive agriculture activities,industrialization and growing numbers of wastewater treatment plants along river banks collectively contribute to the elevated levels of neurotoxic pollutants in natural water reservoirs across *** established an in vitro bioassay based upon neural stem cells isolated from the subventricular zone of the postnatal mouse to evaluate the neurotoxic potential of raw wastewater,treated sewage effluent,groundwater and drinking *** toxic potential of water samples was evaluated employing viability,proliferation,differentiation and migration *** found that raw wastewater could reduce the viability and proliferation of neural stem cells,and decreased the neuronal and astrocyte differentiation,neuronal neurite growth,astrocyte growth and cell *** sewage water also showed inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and *** results indicated that relatively high concentrations of nitrogenous substances,pesticides,mercuric compounds,bisphenol-A,and phthalates,along with some other pollutants in raw wastewater and treated sewage water,might be the reason for the neuroinhibitory effects of these water *** model successfully predicted the neurotoxicity of water samples collected from different sources and also revealed that the incomplete removal of contaminants from wastewater can be problematic for the developing nervous *** presented data also provides strong evidence that more effective treatments should be used to minimize the contamination of water before release into major water bodies which may be considered as water reservoirs for human usage in the future.

关键词： Neural stem cells Subventricular zone Neurotoxicity Bioassay Treated sewage effluents Pesticides

Synthesis and Single Crystal X-ray Studies of 3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) Quinoline and 3-(4-Fluoro-3-methylphenyl) Quinoline

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2014年第1期33卷 90-96页

作者： Malik Aman Ullah muhammad Adeel muhammad Nawaz Tahir muhammad Raza Shah irfan Ullah Department of Chemistry Gomal University Department of Physics University of Sargodha ICCBS HEJ Research Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Karachi

The title compounds 3-（3,5-bis（trifluoromethyl）phenyl）quinoline （1） and 3-（4- fluoro-3-methylphenyl）quinoline （2） were synthesized through Suzuki-Miyaura Cross coupling reaction of 3-bromoquinoloine with aryl boronic acids. The title compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, El-MS, elemental analysis and IR. The crystals of 3-（3,5-bis（trifluoromethyl）phenyl）quinoline （C17H9F6N, Mr = 341.25） belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21n, a = 12.3072（13）, b = 4.9378（6）, c = 24.493（2） A, V= 1473.1（3） A3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.539 Mg m-3, 2 - 0.71073A, μ = 0.144 mm^-1, F（000） = 688, the final R = 0.0715 and wR = 0.1873 for 1875 obserwed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I） and the crystal of 3-（4-fluoro-3- methylphenyl）quinoline （C16H12FN, Mr= 237.27） belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pca21, a = 23.794（2）, b = 3.9094（3）, c = 25.669（2） A, V = 2387.7（4） A3, Z = 8, D, = 1.320 Mg m-3, 2 = 0.71073 A, μ = 0.088 mm-1, F（000） = 992, the final R = 0.0534 and wR = 0.1188 for 2270 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）.

关键词： 3-bromoquinoline crystal structure Pd(PPh3)3 boronic acid suzuki coupling