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Abundance and Breeding of the Common Skittering Frog(Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis)and Bull Frog(Hoplobatrachus tigerinus)at Rawal Lake,Islamabad,Pakistan

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Asian Herpetological Research 2011年第4期2卷 245-250页

作者： Fozia TABASSUM muhammad RAIS Maqsood ANWAR Tariq MEHMOOD iftikhar HUSSAIN Shahid ALI KHAN Department of Wildlife Management Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

The population density and breeding of two frog species, i. e., the Skittering Frog （Euphlyctis eyanophlyctis） and the Bull Frog （Hoplobatrachus tigerinus） were studied at Rawal Lake, Islamabad, Pakistan, by using visual encounter method from September 2009 to August 2010. Mean population density for the two frogs was 1.55 ± 0.44 frogs per ha, with that for the Skittering Frog being 1.09 ± 0.33 frogs/ha and that of the Bull Frog 0.46 ± 0.11 frog/ha, respectively. It is concluded that both frog species are explosive breeders, i. e., their breeding activities were confined to the first showers of the monsoon season. The mean spawn weight of the Skittering Frog was 1.5 g with more than 1000 eggs in each spawn, while that of the Bull Frog was 0.26 g with less than 1000 eggs in a spawn. The spawning sites of the two species were investigated in detail. Generally, no threat to their populations was observed. However, the opening of the spillway of Rawal Dam following the torrential rain destroyed the breeding sites of the frogs. It is maintained that the event did not produce any significant impact on their populations and breeding as the two species were quite common.

关键词： Ranidae population status breeding habitat destruction

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Overview of Strain Characterization in Relation to Serological and Molecular Detection of Citrus tristeza Closterovirus

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第4期90卷 1063-1074页

作者： Yasir iftikhar Mazhar Abbas Mustansar Mubeen muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye Faheema Bakhtawar Sonum Bashir Ashara Sajid muhammad Asif Shabbir Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Institute of Horticultural Sciences University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan

Tristeza is a devastating viral disease in all the citrus growing countries throughout the world and has killed millions of citrus trees in severely affected *** citrus species grafted on sour orange rootstock are affected by this ***,the sweet orange,grapefruit and lime trees grafted on sour orange exhibit severe symptoms like quick decline,vein clearing,pin holing,bark scaling and degeneration leading to variable *** expression of Citrus tristeza virus(CTV)in different hosts has been attributed to virus isolates which are from severe to *** serological and molecular assays have been deployed to differentiate the strains of *** tristeza virus is diversified towards its strains on the basis of biological,serological and molecular *** expression is due to genetic alteration and different molecular basis have now been adopted for strain *** review will give a brief idea about the different CTV isolates,their characterization based on nucleic acid and serological *** methods along with salient features for strain characterization has also been *** review will also open the new aspects towards formulation of management strategies through different detection techniques.

关键词： Citrus tristeza virus symptomology detection serology isolates and host rang

Antagonistic Potential of Bacterial Species against Fungal Plant Pathogens(FPP)and Their Role in Plant Growth Promotion(PGP):A Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第9期91卷 1859-1877页

作者： Amjad Ali Yasir iftikhar Mustansar Mubeen Haider Ali muhammad Ahmad Zeshan Zohaib Asad muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye Malik Abdul Rehman Mazhar Abbas muhammad Rafique muhammad Usman Ghani Department of Plant Protection Sivas University of Science and TechnologySivas58140Turkey Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan College of Bioscience University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK Department of Plant Pathology PMAS University of Arid AgricultureRawalpindi43490Pakistan Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Citrus Research Institute Sargodha40100Pakistan Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management University of Karachi75270KarachiPakistan Pest warning&Quality Control of Pesticides SahiwalPunjab40210Pakistan Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan

Since the 19th century to date,the fungal pathogens have been involved in causing devastating diseases in *** types of fungal pathogens have been observed in important agricultural crops that lead to significant pre and postharvest *** application of synthetic fungicide against the fungal plant pathogens(FPP)is a traditional management practice but at the same time these fungicides kill other beneficial microbes,insects,animal,and humans and are harmful to *** antagonistic microorganism such as bacteria are being used as an alternate strategy to control the *** antagonistic species are cost-effective and eco-friendly in *** biocontrol bacteria have a broad mechanism against fungal pathogens present in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of the *** antagonistic bacteria have different strategies against the FPP,by producing siderophore,biofilm,volatile organic compounds(VOCs),through parasitism,antibiosis,competition for limited resources and induce systemic resistance(ISR)in the host plant by activating the immune *** commercial bio-products synthesized by the major bacterial species Pseudomonas syringae,Burkholderia cepacia,Streptomyces griseoviridis,Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis are used to control Fusarium,Pythium,Rhizoctonia,Penicillium,Alternaria,and *** commercial bio-formulations of bacteria act as both antifungal and plant growth *** Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)played a significant role in improving plant health by nitrogen-fixing,phosphorus solubilization,phytohormones production,minimizing soil metal contamination,and by ACC deaminase antifungal *** articles are available on the specific antifungal activity of bacteria in plant ***,this review article has summarized the information on biocontrol activity of bacteria against the FPP and the role of PGPR in plant growth *** review also provided a complete picture

关键词： Fungi plant pathogens synthetic fungicide antagonism bio-products PGPR

Multi Layered Rule-Based Technique for Explicit Aspect Extraction from Online Reviews

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 4641-4656页

作者： Mubashar Hussain Toqir A.Rana Aksam iftikhar M.Usman Ashraf muhammad Waseem Iqbal Ahmed Alshaflut Abdullah Alourani School of Systems and Technology University of Management and TechnologyLahore54770Pakistan Department of Computer Science and It The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM)Penang11800Malaysia Department of Computer Science Comsats University IslamabadLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women University SialkotPakistan Department of Software Engineering The Superior UniversityLahore53700Pakistan Faculty of Computing and It Albaha UniversityAlbahaSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Majmaah UniversitySaudi Arabia

In the field of sentiment analysis,extracting aspects or opinion targets fromuser reviews about a product is a key *** the polarity of an opinion is much more useful if we also know the targeted Aspect or *** based approaches,like dependency-based rules,are quite popular and effective for this ***,they are heavily dependent on the authenticity of the employed parts-of-speech(POS)tagger and dependency *** popular rule based approach is to use sequential rules,wherein the rules formulated by learning from the user’s ***,in general,the sequential rule-based approaches have poor generalization ***,existing approaches mostly consider an aspect as a noun or noun phrase,so these approaches are unable to extract verb *** this article,we have proposed a multi-layered rule-based(ML-RB)technique using the syntactic dependency parser based rules along with some selective sequential rules in separate layers to extract noun ***,after rigorous analysis,we have also constructed rules for the extraction of verb *** verb rules primarily based on the association between verb and opinion *** proposed multi-layer technique compensates for the weaknesses of individual layers and yields improved results on two publicly available customer review *** F1 score for both the datasets are 0.90 and 0.88,respectively,which are better than existing *** improved results can be attributed to the application of sequential/syntactic rules in a layered manner as well as the capability to extract both noun and verb aspects.

关键词： Explicit aspect aspect extraction opinion mining rule-based verb aspects

Dramatic changes in anatomical traits of a C4 grass Chrysopogon serrulatus Trin.(Poaceae)over a 1000 m elevational gradient

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第5期20卷 1316-1335页

作者： FATIMA Sana HAMEED Mansoor AHMAD Farooq AHMAD muhammad Sajid Aqeel ANWAR Majid MUNIR Mahwish ASHRAF muhammad SHAH Syed Mohsan Raza BASHARAT Sana AHMAD iftikhar KHALIL Sangam Department of Botany Government Sadiq College Women UniversityBahawalpur 53100Pakistan Department of Botany University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Pharmacy Riphah International University Lahore 53770Pakistan Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering The University of LahoreLahore 53770Pakistan Department of Botany Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore 53770Pakistan Department of Forestry Range&Wildlife ManagementThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 53100Pakistan

Chrysopogon serrulatus(false beard-grass)is a dominant component of vegetation in the foothills of the *** study whole plant morphology,individuals of *** were collected from three plots at each of six locations spanning from 400 to 1,400 *** population colonizing the highest elevation modifications in different plant *** showed increased metaxylem number and *** the stem,especially outside of the vascular tissue,there was intensive sclerification indicative of increased xeromorphy as a survival *** the highest elevation,leaves were wider;aerenchyma formation and increased sclerification were noted in the leaf sheath;and a greater proportion of storage parenchyma was observed in the leaf blade,all indicators of *** contrast,leaves at lower elevations had xeric morphological features such as increased epidermal thickness,sclerification and more developed metaxylem *** conclusion,shifting of morphological features in below-and above-ground plant parts of *** were linked to shifts in environmental factors along this elevation gradient,thus enabling the successful distribution of this species along this elevation gradient.

关键词： Adaptive component Storage parenchyma Sclerification Metaxylem Aerenchyma

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A variable precision rough set approach to knowledge discovery in land cover classification

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第12期9卷 1206-1223页

作者： iftikhar U.Sikder Department of Information System Cleveland State UniversityOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Cleveland State UniversityOHUSA

This paper presents a granular computing approach to spatial classification and prediction of land cover classes using rough set variable precision *** particular,it presents an approach to characterizing large spatially clustered data sets to discover knowledge in multi-source supervised *** evidential structure of spatial classification is founded on the notions of equivalence relations of rough set *** allows expressing spatial concepts in terms of approximation space wherein a decision class can be approximated through the partition of boundary *** paper also identifies how approximate reasoning can be introduced by using variable precision rough sets in the context of land cover *** rough set theory is applied to demonstrate an empirical application and the predictive performance is compared with popular baseline machine learning algorithms.A comparison shows that the predictive performance of the rough set rule induction is slightly higher than the decision tree and significantly outperforms the baseline models such as neural network,naïve Bayesian and support vector machine methods.

关键词： Rough set theory soft computing granular computing remote sensing approximate reasoning

Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease in Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus L.):An Overview on Causal Agent,Vector and Management

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第6期90卷 1573-1587页

作者： Mustansar Mubeen Yasir iftikhar Aqleem Abbas Mazhar Abbas muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye Ashara Sajid Faheema Bakhtawar Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan

Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus L.)belongs to the Malvaceae family and is one of the most essential and popular vegetables *** is rich in proteins,carbohydrates,and *** and biotic factors threaten okra *** yellow vein mosaic disease(OYVMD)is the most destructive disease of *** causal agent,[i.e.,Okra yellow vein mosaic virus(OYVMV)]of this disease belongs to the family Geminiviridae and genus *** is a monopartite with additional ssDNA *** virus has two components DNA-A for protein coding and DNA-B for symptoms *** transmits OYVMV in persistent *** symptoms of OYVMV infected okra plants are chlorosis,dwarfing,and yellowing of veins and *** temperatures with moderate rainfall enhance the development of OYVMV disease and the whitefly ***,high humidity with low temperature and rainfall has no significant role in developing the OYVMD and whitefly ***,the virus also affects the secondary metabolites in the infected okra *** virus can be managed through various strategies including the application of plant defense activators,the development of resistant varieties and by controlling its vector via pesticides and plant *** plant defense activators such as monopotassium phosphate(KH2PO),salicylic acid,benzoic acid,and citric acid enhance resistance in okra against *** addition,the resistance to OYMVD can also be achieved by successfully incorporating high yielding but resistant cultivars of acceptable *** this review,we have discussed history,economic impact,symptomology,disease development under a natural environment,genetics and management of OYVMV.

关键词： Okra OYVMV symptoms vectors epidemiological factors management

Optoelectronic Response of GeZn_(2)O_(4) through the Modified Becke-Johnson Potential

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第9期29卷 142-146页

作者： iftikhar Ahmad B.Amin M.Maqbool S.muhammad G.Murtaza S.Ali N.A.Noor Department of Physics University of MalakandPakistan Materials Modeling Lab Department of PhysicsHazara University21300Pakistan Department of Physics and Astronomy Ball State UniversityIndiana47306-0505USA Department of Physics Islamia College UniversityPeshawarPakistan Department of Physics University of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam Campus54590Pakistan

A first-principles technique capable of describing the nearly excited states of semiconductors and insulators,namely the modified Becke–Johnson(mBJ)potential approximation,is used to investigate the electronic band structure and optical properties of spinel oxides:GeZn_(2)O_(4).The predicted band gaps using the mBJ approximation are significantly more accurate than the proposed previous theoretical work using the common LDA and *** gap dependent optical parameters,like the dielectric constant,index of refraction,reflectivity and optical conductivity are calculated and *** results from the dielectric constant shows that the numerical value of the static dielectric,after dropping constantly,becomes less than zero and the material exhibits metallic *** refractive index also drops below unity for photons higher than 18 eV,which indicates that the velocities of incident photons are greater than the velocity of ***,these phenomena can be explained by the fact that a signal must be transmitted as a wave packet rather than a monochromatic *** comprehensive theoretical study of the optoelectronic properties predicts that these materials can effectively be used in optical devices.

关键词： wave. dielectric approximation

Decentralized Dynamic Event-Triggered Communication and Active Suspension Control of In-Wheel Motor Driven Electric Vehicles with Dynamic Damping

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第5期8卷 971-986页

作者： iftikhar Ahmad Xiaohua Ge Qing-Long Han the School of Software and Electrical Engineering Swinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneVIC 3122Australia

This paper addresses the co-design problem of decentralized dynamic event-triggered communication and active suspension control for an in-wheel motor driven electric vehicle equipped with a dynamic damper. The main objective is to simultaneously improve the desired suspension performance caused by various road disturbances and alleviate the network resource utilization for the concerned in-vehicle networked suspension system. First, a T-S fuzzy active suspension model of an electric vehicle under dynamic damping is established. Second,a novel decentralized dynamic event-triggered communication mechanism is developed to regulate each sensor's data transmissions such that sampled data packets on each sensor are scheduled in an independent manner. In contrast to the traditional static triggering mechanisms, a key feature of the proposed mechanism is that the threshold parameter in the event trigger is adjusted adaptively over time to reduce the network resources occupancy. Third, co-design criteria for the desired event-triggered fuzzy controller and dynamic triggering mechanisms are derived. Finally, comprehensive comparative simulation studies of a 3-degrees-of-freedom quarter suspension model are provided under both bump road disturbance and ISO-2631 classified random road disturbance to validate the effectiveness of the proposed co-design approach. It is shown that ride comfort can be greatly improved in either road disturbance case and the suspension deflection, dynamic tyre load and actuator control input are all kept below the prescribed maximum allowable limits, while simultaneously maintaining desirable communication efficiency.

关键词： Active suspension control decentralized eventtriggered control dynamic damper dynamic eventtriggered communication in-wheel motor driven electric vehicle

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