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Hydrological response under CMIP6 climate projection in Astore River Basin,Pakistan

Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第8期20卷 2263-2281页

作者： Zeshan ALI Mudassar iqbal Ihsan Ullah KHAN muhammad Umer MASOOD muhammad UMER muhammad Usama Khan LODHI muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman TARIQ Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan International Water Management Institute Lahore 53700Pakistan Department of Civil Engineering University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan College of Engineering IT&EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinNT 0810Australia

Climate change strongly influences the available water resources in a watershed due to direct linkage of atmospheric driving forces and changes in watershed hydrological *** how these climatic changes affect watershed hydrology is essential for human society and environmental *** Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6)dataset of three GCM's(BCC-CSM2-MR,INM-CM5-0,and MPIESM1-2-HR)with resolution of 100 km has been analyzed to examine the projected changes in temperature and precipitation over the Astore catchment during *** correction method was used to reduce *** this study,statistical significance of trends was performed by using the Man-Kendall ***'s estimator determined the magnitude of the trend on both seasonal and annual scales at Rama Rattu and Astore ***-ESM1-2-HR showed better results with coefficient of determination(COD)ranging from 0.70-0.74 for precipitation and 0.90-0.92 for maximum and minimum temperature at Astore,Rama,and Rattu followed by INM-CM5-0 and *** of British Columbia Watershed model was used to attain the future hydrological series and to analyze the hydrological response of Astore River Basin to climate *** revealed that by the end of the 2070s,average annual precipitation is projected to increase up to 26.55%under the SSP1-2.6,6.91%under SSP2-4.5,and decrease up to 21.62%under the *** also showed considerable variability during summer and *** projected temperature showed an increasing trend that may cause melting of *** projected increase in temperature ranges from-0.66℃ to 0.50℃,0.9℃ to 1.5℃ and 1.18℃ to 2℃ under the scenarios of SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5,*** streamflows presented a slight increase by all *** streamflow was generated under SSP5-8.5 followed by SSP2-4.5 and *** snowmelt and groundwater contributions to streamflow have decreased whereas rainfa

关键词： GCMs UBCWM Astore River Climate Change Upper Indus Basin Bias Correction

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Evaluation of Pakistan wheat germplasms for stripe rust resistance using molecular markers

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 1123-1134页

作者： Sobia TABASSUM muhammad ashraf CHEN XianMing Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics International Islamic University NUST Centre of Virology and Immunology National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)(Pakistan) USDA-ARS and Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University

Wheat production in Pakistan is seriously constrained due to rust diseases and stripe rust (yellow) caused by Puccinia striiformis ***,which could limit *** development and cultivation of genetically diverse and resistant varieties is the most sustainable solution to overcome these *** first objective of the present study was to evaluate 100 Pakistan wheat cultivars that have been grown over the past 60 *** cultivars were inoculated at the seedling stage with two virulent stripe rust isolates from the United States and two from *** of the wheat cultivars were resistant to all tested stripe rust isolates,and 16% of cultivars were susceptible to the four isolates at the seedling *** data indicated that none of the Pakistan wheat cultivars contained either Yr5 or Yr15 genes that were considered to be effective against most *** *** isolates from around the *** Pakistan wheat cultivars may have gene Yr10,which is effective against isolate PST-127 but ineffective against *** is also possible that these cultivars may have other previously unidentified genes or gene *** second objective was to evaluate the 100 Pakistan wheat cultivars for stripe rust resistance during natural epidemics in Pakistan and Washington State,*** was found that a higher frequency of resistance was present under field conditions compared with greenhouse *** genotypes (30% of germplasms) were found to have a potentially high temperature adult plant (HTAP) *** third objective was to determine the genetic diversity in Pakistan wheat germplasms using molecular *** study was based on DNA fingerprinting using resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) marker *** highest polymorphism detected with RGAP primer pairs was 40%,50% and 57% with a mean polymorphism of 36%.A total of 22 RGAP markers were obtained in this ***,simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequen

关键词： field evaluation genetic diversity greenhouse evaluation Pakistan wheat germplasms stripe rust

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Topological Evaluation of Certain Computer Networks by Contraharmonic-Quadratic Indices

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3795-3810页

作者： Ahmed M.Alghamdi Khalid Hamid muhammad Waseem iqbal M.Usman ashraf Abdullah Alshahrani Adel Alshamrani Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Science and Engineering at University of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia

In various fields,different networks are used,most of the time not of a single kind;but rather a mix of at least two *** kinds of networks are called bridge networks which are utilized in interconnection networks of PC,portable networks,spine of internet,networks engaged with advanced mechanics,power generation interconnection,bio-informatics and substance intensify *** number that can be entirely calculated by a graph is called graph *** mathematical graph invariants have been portrayed and utilized for connection investigation during the latest twenty ***,no trustworthy evaluation has been embraced to pick,how much these invariants are associated with a network graph or subatomic *** this paper,it will discuss three unmistakable varieties of bridge networks with an incredible capacity of assumption in the field of computer science,chemistry,physics,drug industry,informatics and arithmetic in setting with physical and manufactured developments and networks,since Contraharmonic-quadratic invariants(CQIs)are recently presented and have different figure qualities for different varieties of bridge graphs or *** study settled the geography of bridge graphs/networks of three novel sorts with two kinds of CQI and Quadratic-Contraharmonic Indices(QCIs).The deduced results can be used for the modeling of the above-mentioned networks.

关键词： Bridge networks invariants Quadratic-Contraharmonic Indices maple network graph molecular graph

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The Correlation between Nutrition and Transport Mechanism under Abiotic Stress in Plants: A Comprehensive Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1325-1344页

作者： muhammad Saleem Jianhua Zhang muhammad Qasim Rashid iqbal Li Song Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety The Ministry of Education of ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Microelement Research Center College of Resources and EnvironmentHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan

Variations in the nutrients and water that plants require for metabolism,development,and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis are the main causes of abiotic stress in *** has,however,hardly ever been studied how these transporter proteins,such as aquaporin which is responsible for food and water intake in cell plasma mem-branes,interact with one *** review aims to explore the interactions between nutrient transporters and aquaporins during water and nutrient *** also investigates how symbiotic relationships inﬂuence the plant genome’s responses to regulatory processes such as photoperiodism,senescence,and nitrogenﬁ*** responses are observed in reaction to various abiotic *** instance,plasma membrane transporters are upregulated during macronutrient insufﬁciency,tonoplast transporters are overexpressed,and aquaporins are downregulated in micronutrient deﬁ***,tolerant plants often exhibit increased expression of nutrient transporters and aquaporins in response to drought,salt,and cold *** better comprehend plant stress tolerance to abiotic challenges including starvation,K famine,salt,and freezing temperatures,both classes of nutrient and water transporters should be considered at the same time.

关键词： Nutrients abiotic stress aquaporin transporters

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Investigation of E-H mode transition in magnetic-pole-enhanced inductively coupled neon-argon mixture plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第6期22卷 110-119页

作者： Zahid iqbal KHATTAK Abdul Waheed KHAN Faiq JAN muhammad SHAFIQ Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University45320 IslamabadPakistan Department of Physics Gomal University29050 D.I.KhanPakistan Department of Physics Govt.Post Graduate College Nowshera24100 NowsheraPakistan 不详

In this paper,E-H mode transition in magnetic-pole-enhanced inductively coupled neon-argon mixture plasma is investigated in terms of fundamental plasma parameters as a function of argon fraction(0%-100%),operating pressure(1 Pa,5 Pa,10 Pa and 50 Pa),and radio frequency(RF)power(5-100 W).An RF compensated Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy are used for the diagnostics of the plasma under *** to the lower ionization potential and higher collision cross-section of argon,when its fraction in the discharge is increased,the mode transition occurs at lower RF power;*** 0%argon and1 Pa pressure,the threshold power of the E-H mode transition is 65 W,which reduces to 20 W when the argon fraction is *** electron density increases with the argon fraction at afixed pressure,whereas the temperature decreases with the argon *** relaxation length of the low-energy electrons increases,and decreases for high-energy electrons with argon fraction,due to the Ramseur ***,the relaxation length of both groups of electrons decreases with pressure due to reduction in the mean free *** electron energy probability function(EEPF)profiles are non-Maxwellian in E-mode,attributable to the nonlocal electron kinetics in this mode;however,they evolve to Maxwellian distribution when the discharge transforms to H-mode due to lower electron temperature and higher electron density in *** tail of the measured EEPFs is found to deplete in both E-and H-modes when the argon fraction in the discharge is increased,because argon has a much lower excitation potential(11.5 eV)than neon(16.6 eV).

关键词： Ne-Ar MaPE-ICP Langmuir probe OES electron temperature electron density mode transition

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Lung Cancer Detection Using Modified AlexNet Architecture and Support Vector Machine

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 2039-2054页

作者： Iftikhar Naseer Tehreem Masood Sheeraz Akram Arfan Jaffar muhammad Rashid muhammad Amjad iqbal Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology The Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabad45000Pakistan Faculty of IT University of Central PunjabLahore54100Pakistan

Lung cancer is the most dangerous and death-causing disease indicated by the presence of pulmonary nodules in the *** is mostly caused by the instinctive growth of cells in the *** nodule detection has a significant role in detecting and screening lung cancer in Computed tomography(CT)scan *** detection plays an important role in the survival rate and treatment of lung cancer ***,pulmonary nodule classification techniques based on the convolutional neural network can be used for the accurate and efficient detection of lung *** work proposed an automatic nodule detection method in CT images based on modified AlexNet architecture and Support vector machine(SVM)algorithm namely *** proposed model consists of seven convolutional layers,three pooling layers,and two fully connected layers used to extract *** vector machine classifier is applied for the binary classification of nodules into benign *** experimental analysis is performed by using the publicly available benchmark dataset Lung nodule analysis 2016(LUNA16).The proposed model has achieved 97.64%of accuracy,96.37%of sensitivity,and 99.08%of specificity.A comparative analysis has been carried out between the proposed LungNet-SVM model and existing stateof-the-art approaches for the classification of lung *** experimental results indicate that the proposed LungNet-SVM model achieved remarkable performance on a LUNA16 dataset in terms of accuracy.

关键词： Lung cancer alexnet luna16 computed tomography support vector machine

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Gastrointestinal Diseases Classification Using Deep Transfer Learning and Features Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 2227-2245页

作者： Mousa Alhajlah muhammad Nouman Noor muhammad Nazir Awais Mahmood Imran ashraf Tehmina Karamat College of Applied Computer Science King Saud University(Almuzahmiyah Campus)Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Foundation University IslamabadIslamabad44000Pakistan

Gastrointestinal diseases like ulcers, polyps’, and bleeding areincreasing rapidly in the world over the last decade. On average 0.7 millioncases are reported worldwide every year. The main cause of gastrointestinaldiseases is a Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) bacterium that presents in morethan 50% of people around the globe. Many researchers have proposeddifferent methods for gastrointestinal disease using computer vision *** of them focused on the detection process and the rest of themperformed classification. The major challenges that they faced are the similarityof infected and healthy regions that misleads the correct classificationaccuracy. In this work, we proposed a technique based on Mask Recurrent-Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) and fine-tuned pre-trainedResNet-50 and ResNet-152 networks for feature extraction. Initially, the region ofinterest is detected using Mask R-CNN which is later utilized for the trainingof fine-tuned models through transfer learning. Features are extracted fromfine-tuned models that are later fused using a serial approach. Moreover, anImproved Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm has also opted for thebest feature selection from the fused feature vector. The best-selected featuresare finally classified using machine learning techniques. The experimentalprocess was conducted on the publicly available dataset and obtained animproved accuracy of 96.43%. In comparison with state-of-the-art techniques,it is observed that the proposed accuracy is improved.

关键词： Diseases deep learning endoscopy gastrointestinal tract transfer learning

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Hydrological Response to Environment Change in Himalayan Watersheds: Assessment from Integrated Modeling Approach

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 972-982页

作者： Zulfiqar AHMAD Arshad ashraf muhammad ZAHEER Humaira BASHIR Department of Earth Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University National Agricultural Research Center China University of Geosciences School of Environmental Studies

Land use changes such as deforestation,increase in cropping or grazing areas and built-up land, likely modify the water balance and land surface behavior in the Himalayan *** integrated approach of hydrological and hydraulic modeling was adopted for comparative analysis of hydrological pattern in three Himalayan watersheds ***,Rawal and Simly situated in the Northern territory of *** rainfall-runoff model SWAT- Soil and water assessment tool and Hydro CAD were calibrated for the selected *** correlation analysis of the precipitation data of two climate stations *** and Islamabad, with the discharge data of three rivers was utilized to select best suitable input precipitation data for Hydro CAD rainfall-runoff *** peak flood hydrograph were generated using Hydro CAD runoff to optimize the basin parameters like CN, runoff volume, peak flows of the three *** hydrological response of the Rawal watershed was studied as a case study to different scenarios of land use change using SWAT *** scenario of high deforestation indicated a decline of about 6.3% in the groundwater recharge tostream while increase of 7.1% in the surface runoff has been observed under the scenario of growth in urbanization in the recent *** integrated modeling approach proved helpful in investigating the hydrological behavior under changing environment at watershed level in the Himalayan region.

关键词： Hydrological modeling Deforestation Soan River Simly Khanpur watershed Land use

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The effective transfection of a low dose of negatively charged drug-loaded DNA-nanocarriers into cancer cells via scavenger receptors

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第2期11卷 174-182页

作者： Mirza muhammad Faran ashraf Baig Chengfei Zhang muhammad Furqan Akhtar Ammara Saleem Jahanzeb Mudassir Laboratory of Biomedical&Pharmaceutical Engineering of Stem Cells Research Restorative Dental SciencesFaculty of DentistryThe University of Hong Kong999077Hong KongPR China State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023PR China Faculty of Pharmacy Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60000Pakistan Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Riphah International UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan

DNA-nanotechnology-based nano-architecture scaffolds based on circular strands were designed in the form of DNA-nanowires(DNA-NWs) as a polymer of DNA-triangles. Circularizing a scaffold strand(84-NT) was the critical step followed by annealing with various staple strands to make stiff DNAtriangles. Atomic force microcopy(AFM), native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE), UVanalysis, MTT-assay, flow cytometry, and confocal imaging were performed to assess the formulated DNA-NWs and cisplatin(CPT) loading. The AFM and confocal microscopy images revealed a uniform shape and size distribution of the DNA-NWs, with lengths ranging from 2 to 4 mm and diameters ranging from 150 to 300 nm. One sharp band at the top of the lane(500 bp level) with the loss of electrophoretic mobility during the PAGE(native) gel analysis revealed the successful fabrication of DNA-NWs. The loading efficiency of CPT ranged from 66.85% to 97.35%. MTT and flow cytometry results showed biocompatibility of the blank DNA-NWs even at 95% concentration compared with the CPT-loaded DNANWs. The CPT-loaded DNA-NWs exhibited enhanced apoptosis(22%) compared to the apoptosis(7%)induced by the blank DNA-NWs. The release of CPT from the DNA-NWs was sustained at < 75% for 6 h in the presence of serum, demonstrating suitability for systemic applications. The IC_(50) of CPT@DNA-NWs was reduced to 12.8 nM CPT, as compared with the free CPT solution exhibiting an IC_(50) of 51.2 n *** imaging revealed the targetability, surface binding, and slow internalization of the DNA-NWs in the scavenger-receptor-rich cancer cell line(HepG2) compared with the control cell line.

关键词： Cisplatin(CPT) DNA-nanowires(DNA-NWs) HepG2 resistant cancer cells Scavenger receptors

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Exogenously applied glycinebetaine induced alteration in some key physio-biochemical attributes and plant anatomical features in water stressed oat(Avena sativa L.) plants

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第2期11卷 292-305页

作者： Anum SHEHZADI Nudrat A AKRAM Ayaz ALI muhammad ashraf Department of Botany Government College University Pakistan Science Foundation Department of Botany King Saud University

Although exogenous application of glycinebetaine(GB) is widely reported to regulate a myriad of physio-biochemical attributes in plants under stressful environments including drought stress, there is little information available in the literature on how and up to what extent GB can induce changes in anatomical features in water starved plants. Thus, the present research work was conducted to assess the GB-induced changes in growth, physio-biochemical, and anatomical characteristics in two cultivars(CK-1 and F-411) of oat(Avena sativa L.) under limited water supply. After exposure to water stress, a considerable reduction was observed in plant growth in terms of lengths and weights of shoot and roots,leaf mesophyll thickness, leaf midrib thickness, root cortex thickness, root diameter, stem diameter, stem phloem area, and stem vascular bundle area in both oat cultivars. However, water stress resulted in a significant increase in leaf total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide(H_2 O_2), ascorbic acid(AsA), GB contents,activities of enzymes(CAT, SOD and POD), total soluble proteins, leaf epidermis(abaxial and adaxial)thickness, bulliform cell area, sclerenchyma thickness, root endodermis and epidermis thickness, root metaxylem area, stem metaxylem area and stem sclerenchyma thickness in both oat ***-applied 100 mM GB suppressed H_2 O_2 contents, while improved growth attributes, free proline and GB contents, activity of SOD enzyme, leaf abaxial epidermis thickness, leaf bulliform cell area, leaf midrib thickness, leaf sclerenchyma thickness, root cortex thickness, root endodermis, epidermis thickness,root stele diameter, stem diameter, stem epidermis thickness, stem metaxylem area, and stem phloem and vascular bundle area in both oat cultivars. For both oat cultivars, CK-1 was superior to F-411 in leaf abaxial epidermis thickness, leaf mesophyll, leaf sclerenchyma, root metaxylem area, stem diameter, stem epidermis, sclerenchyma thickness, stem metaxylem area, and

关键词： drought tolerance anatomical features oat glycinebetaine antioxidants

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