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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Eastern Ethiopia:Clinical characteristics and determinants of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第7期16卷 995-1008页

作者： Nejib Y Ismael Semir A Usmael Nega B Belay Hailemichael Desalegn Mekonen Asgeir Johannessen Stian ms Orlien Haramaya University College of Health and Medical SciencesHarar 252Ethiopia Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Regional Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases Oslo University HospitalOslo 0450UllevålNorway Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and Hepatology UnitSaint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Department of Infectious Disease Vestfold Hospital TrustTønsberg 3103Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine Oslo UniversityOslo 0318Norway Department of PediatricsOslo UniversityOslo 0450UllevålNorway

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is a major cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality,particularly in low-income countries.A better understanding of the epidemiological,clinical,and virological characteristics of CHB will guide appropriate treatment strategies and improve the control and management of CHB in *** To investigate the characteristics of CHB in Eastern Ethiopia and assess the efficacy and safety of antiviral *** This cohort study included 193 adults who were human immunodeficiency virus-negative with CHB between June 2016 and December *** assessments included chemistry,serologic,and viral markers.χ^(2) tests,Mann-Whitney U tests,and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of *** disoproxil fumarate(TDF)was initiated using treatment criteria from the Ethiopian CHB pilot *** A total of 132 patients(68.4%)were men,with a median age of 30 years[interquartile range(IQR):24-38].At enrollment,60(31.1%)patients had cirrhosis,of whom 35(58.3%)had decompensated *** use,hepatitis B envelope antigen positivity,and a high viral load were independently associated with ***,66 patients(33.4%)fulfilled the treatment criteria and 59(30.6%)started *** 29 patients who completed 24 months of treatment,the median aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index declined from 1.54(IQR:0.66-2.91)to 1.10(IQR:0.75-2.53)(P=0.002),and viral suppression was achieved in 80.9%and 100%of patients after 12 months and 24 months of treatment,*** the treated patients,12(20.3%)died within the first 6 months of treatment,of whom 8 had decompensated *** This study highlights the high prevalence of cirrhosis,initial mortality,and the efficacy of TDF *** up measures to prevent and control CHB infections in Ethiopia is crucial.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Cirrhosis Cohort study Resource-limited settings Sub-Saharan Africa

Study of Bacterial Samples Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

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Plasma Science and Technology 2014年第12期16卷 1141-1146页

作者： W A FAROOQ M ATIF W TAWFIK M S alsalhi Z A ALAHMED M SARFRAZ J P SINGH Physics and Astronomy Department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia National Institute of Laser and Optronics NiloreIslamabadPakistan National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences NILES Department of Environmental ApplicationsCairo UniversityCairoEgypt Sustainable Energy Technologies Centre King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Institute for Clean Energy Technology Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS 39759USA

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） technique has been applied to inves- tigate two different types of bacteria, Escherichia coli （B1） and Micrococcus luteus （B2） deposited on glass slides using Spectrolaser 7000. LIBS spectra were analyzed using spectrolaser software. LIBS spectrum of glass substrate was compared with bacteria spectra. Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, S, C1, Fe, A1, Mn, Cu, C, H and CN-band appeared in bacterial samples in air. Two carbon lines at 193.02 nm, 247.88 nm and one hydrogen line at 656.28 nm with intensity ratios of 1.9, 1.83 and 1.53 appeared in bacterial samples B1 and B2 respectively. Carbon and hydrogen are the important components of the bio-samples like bacteria and other cancer cells. Investigation on LIBS spectra of the samples in He and Ar atmospheres is also presented. Ni lines appeared only in B2 sample in Ar atmosphere. From the present experimental results we are able to show that LIBS technique has a potential in the identification and discrimination of different types of bacteria.

关键词： laser induced breakdown bacteria bio-samples and carbon lines

高特异性σ2R/TMEM97配体FEM-1689可减轻神经病理性疼痛并抑制整合应激反应

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中国疼痛医学杂志 2024年第3期30卷 161-165页

作者：龙沙沙(译) 韩清见(校) 复旦大学脑科学研究院

在药理学界,σ2受体(σ2R)早在30多年前就被描述过,但其分子特征仍模糊不清,直到最近才被确认为跨膜蛋白97 (TMEM97)。经研究证明σ_(2)R/TMEM97配体可减轻小鼠神经病理性疼痛模型的机械超敏反应,其最大抗痛作用的时间为给药后24 h。该... 详细信息

在药理学界,σ2受体(σ2R)早在30多年前就被描述过,但其分子特征仍模糊不清,直到最近才被确认为跨膜蛋白97 (TMEM97)。经研究证明σ_(2)R/TMEM97配体可减轻小鼠神经病理性疼痛模型的机械超敏反应,其最大抗痛作用的时间为给药后24 h。该研究试图通过解决2个关键问题来了解其抗神经病理性疼痛效应:σ_(2)R/TMEM97化合物是否通过受体选择性地发挥作用,以及它们对痛觉神经元的下游机制是什么?该研究使用了一种Tmem97全身基因敲除小鼠,发现σ_(2)R/TMEM97结合化合物FEM-1689,需要该基因才能在小鼠神经损伤模型中产生抗痛作用。利用小鼠背根神经节原代神经元证明,FEM-1689能抑制整合应激反应(ISR),并通过σ_(2)R/TMEM97特异性作用促进神经元生长。随后,该研究扩展了其临床转化价值,证明FEM-1689可降低人类感觉神经元中的整合应激反应(ISR)和p-eIF2α水平,并可减轻甲基乙二醛对ISR的致病作用。同时,研究还证明了σ_(2)R/TMEM97在人类痛觉感受器和卫星胶质细胞中均有表达。这些结果证实了σ_(2)R/TMEM97有希望成为治疗神经病理性疼痛的靶点。

关键词：抗痛作用特异性作用受体选择性痛觉感受器甲基乙二醛神经病理性疼痛痛觉神经高特异性

Enhanced Reversible Zinc Ion Intercalation in Deficient Ammonium Vanadate for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第8期13卷 13-27页

作者： Quan Zong Wei Du Chaofeng Liu Hui Yang Qilong Zhang Zheng Zhou Muhammad Atif Mohamad alsalhi Guozhong Cao Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Lab Silicon MatZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Research Chair On Laser Diagnosis of Cancers Department of Physics and AstronomyCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Physics and Astronomy College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

Ammonium vanadate with bronze structure(NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10))is a promising cathode material for zinc-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity and low ***,the extraction of NH^(+)_(4) at a high voltage during charge/discharge processes leads to irreversible reaction and structure *** this work,partial NH^(+)_(4) ions were pre-removed from NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) through heat treatment;NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) nanosheets were directly grown on carbon cloth through hydrothermal ***-cient NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(denoted as NVO),with enlarged interlayer spacing,facilitated fast zinc ions transport and high storage capacity and ensured the highly reversible electrochemical reaction and the good stability of layered *** NVO nanosheets delivered a high specific capac-ity of 457 mAh g^(−1) at a current density of 100 mA g^(−1) and a capacity retention of 81%over 1000 cycles at 2 A g^(−1).The initial Coulombic efficiency of NVO could reach up to 97%compared to 85%of NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) and maintain almost 100%during cycling,indicating the high reaction reversibility in NVO electrode.

关键词： Deficient ammonium vanadate Large interlayer spacing Reversible redox reaction Electrochemical mechanism

Nanoporous characteristics of sol-gel-derived ZnO thin film

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Journal of Semiconductors 2012年第4期33卷 7-12页

作者： Anees A.Ansari M.A.M.Khan M.Alhoshan S.A.Alrokayan M.S.alsalhi King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology King Saud UniversityRiyadh-11451P.O.Box-2454Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering King Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh 11421Saudi Arabia

Sol-gel-derived nanoporous ZnO film has been successfully deposited on glass substrate at 200 °C and subsequently annealed at different temperatures of 300, 400 and 600 °C. Atomic force micrographs demonstrated that the film was crack-free, and that granular nanoparticles were homogenously distributed on the film surface. The average grain size of the nanoparticles and Rms roughness of the scanned surface area was 10 nm and 13.6 nm, respectively, which is due to the high porosity of the film. Photoluminescence （PL） spectra of the nanoporous ZnO film at room temperature show a diffused band, which might be due to an increased amount of oxygen va- cancies on the lattice surface. The observed results of the nanoporous ZnO film indicates a promising application in the development of electrochemical biosensors due to the porosity of film enhancing the higher loading of biomacromolecules （enzyme and proteins）.

关键词： nanoporous ZnO thin film UV/visible absorption photoluminescence

Optical and electrical properties of electrochemically deposited polyaniline/CeO2 hybrid nanocomposite film

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第4期32卷 25-30页

作者： Anees A.Ansari M.A.M.Khan M.Naziruddin Khan Salman A.Alrokayan M.Alhoshan M.S.alsalhi King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology King Saud UniversityRiyadh-11451P.O.Box-2454Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering King Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh 11421Saudi Arabia

This paper reports the optical and electrical properties of electrochemically deposited polyaniline （PANI）/cerium oxide（CeO;） hybrid nano-composite film onto indium-tin-oxide（ITO） glass ***-visible spectroscopy andⅠ-Ⅴcharacteristic were performed to study the optical and electrical parameters of the electrochemically deposited *** film exhibited a strong absorption below 400 nm（3.10 eV） with a well defined absorbance peak at around 285 nm（4.35 eV）.The estimated band gap of the CeO;sample was 3.44 eV,higher than bulk CeO;powder（E;= 3.19 eV） due to the quantum confinement *** and electrochemical characteristics indicated that the electrical properties of PANI/CeO;hybrid nanocomposite film arc dominated by PANI doping.

关键词： cerium oxide polyaniline nanocomposite optical properties electrical properties

Developing Low Temperature Glazes for Omani Clay Artworks: Laboratory Investigation to Reduce Costs by Using Frits

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New Journal of Glass and Ceramics 2023年第2期13卷 17-34页

作者： Badar Almamari Najlaa Alsaadi Qais alsalhi Department of Art Education Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman

The role of using frits in developing glazes for ceramics has increasingly received attention across a number of industrial ceramics fields in recent years. Over the past decade, the link between using frits for developing ceramics glazes and the reduction of financial costs has been at the center of much attention. Determining the impact of using frits in the local ceramics industry in Oman is important for the future study of this creative field. Using imported ready-made glazes, despite their long commercial success, is associated with a number of problems, including a shortage of suppliers, high costs, and logistical difficulties. Consequently, there is an urgent need to address the importance of developing glazes locally to help establish some workable solutions for the aforementioned problems. To date, no research studies have investigated using local Omani earthenware clays to make glazes by combining them with commercial frits using empirical laboratory methodologies. By developing low temperature chemical glaze recipes, the main aim of this study is to explore the possibilities of using Omani earthenware clays (OECs) and frits to create glazes that are suitable for local Omani ceramic works.

关键词： Omani Earthenware Clays Ceramics Frits

Creating Matte and Opaque Stable Colored Glazes on Local Omani Earthenware Pottery: Testing White Zircon Borax Frit Glaze Recipes

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第11期12卷 1740-1748页

作者： Badar Almamari Najlaa Alsaadi Qais alsalhi Department of Art Education Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman

The ability of Omani local pottery earthenware to accept low- and medium-temperature fired glazes can face technical difficulties. The impurities included in the clays extracted from local fields, especially iron oxide, are a noted weakness that affects painting the local pottery with shiny, opaque, or matte glazes. Previously published research conducted by the researcher on Omani earthenware clays focused on finding a special transparent, shiny, and stable glazing recipe, but few studies have provided matte and opaque glazing recipes that are technically suitable for local Omani clays. By using laboratory-based experimental methodology, this research will investigate the possibility of using White Zircon Borax Frit (WZBF) to develop matte and opaque stable glazes that are suitable with local Omani pottery clay bodies. In the end of this experimental research, the purpose of this project is to develop applicable glazing recipes to be used for painting pots made by Omani clays.

关键词： Earthenware Clay Matte Glazes WZBF Oman

An exploratory examination of the barriers to innovation and change as perceived by senior management

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2023年第2期7卷 159-170页

作者： Dana Alshwayat Hamzah Elrehail Esam Shehadeh Nidal alsalhi Mohamed Dawood Shamout Shafique Ur Rehman Faculty of Administrative&Financial Sciences Business Administration DepartmentUniversity of PetraAmmanJordan Abu Dhabi School of Management Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Faculty of Administrative&Financial Sciences Accounting DepartmentUniversity of PetraAmmanJordan College of Business Administration University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates Research Institute of Business Analytics and Supply Chain Management College of ManagementShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

The banking industry has undergone significant shifts as innovations have enabled new banking services and created new customer *** banks strive to incorporate innovation and change systems,they also face various *** primary aim of this qualitative exploratory case study is to determine the key perceived barriers to change and innovation in a Jordanian commercial case bank from the perspective of senior *** interpretations were investigated,resulting in new insights that have not been previously obtained from research in this *** analysis used a qualitative systematic approach to grounded theory articulation that inductively generated new concepts while adhering to highly rigorous *** methodology was based on interviews with eight senior *** emergent findings revealed that high bureaucracy,lack of communication,lack of employee involvement,middle managers'resistance,and risk aversion were major barriers to innovation and ***,this study contributes to developing a thorough understanding of top managers'perceptions of barriers to innovation and change and offers managers and practitioners guidance on improving organizational conditions to support innovation and change in the banking ***,this study provides avenues for future research in this area.

关键词： Innovation Change Formalized organizations Senior management Qualitative research