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Peripheral Blood Cytokines Levels in Senegalese Women with Cervical Cancer during Chemotherapy

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Open Journal of Immunology 2022年第4期12卷 86-97页

作者： diop Maimouna Folly Mawulolo Gaba Doudou Georges Massar Niang Doudou Diouf Sidy Ka moustapha Mbow Rokhaya Ndiaye Diallo Maguette Sylla Niang Mbacké Sembene Ahmadou Dem Babacar Mbengue Alioune Dieye Immunology Unit FMPOS University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Joliot Curie Institute Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Unit of Human Genetics FMPOS University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Department of biology FST University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths of women in developing world. Several studies demonstrated evidences of inflammatory cytokines implication in cancer progression including in initiation, promotion and invasion by affecting the immune surveillance. Our aim was to measure blood circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels, their profiles according to treatment issue and relation with prognostic factors in cervical cancer during chemotherapy. Blood samples were collected from a cohort of 35 cervical cancer women and 42 women healthy controls (HC) with no history of malignancy. For each CP, three samples were taken at three-week intervals. The first one (S1) was taken before initiation of the chemotherapy protocol. S2 and S3 were samples collected respectively at day 21 and day 42. Cytokines levels were evaluated by ELISA. Mean age of patients was 54.1 year (35 - 77 yo). In groups, no relation was observed between age and cytokines levels. Before chemotherapy, high levels of IL-6, IL-4 and IFN-γ were observed in CP compared to HC (p 0.001) and at the same period, IL-10 and TNF-α levels were significantly low in CP (p 0.05) and negatively correlated (r = —0.79;p = 0.017). In this CP group, IL-4 levels were positively correlated between S1 and S2 (r = 0.72;p = 0.002) and between S1 and S3 (r = 0.74;p = 0.019). Similar correlations were observed for TNF-α levels: S1/S2 (r = 0.54;p = 0.027), S2/S3 (r = 0.82;p = 0.009) and S1/S3 (r = 0.66;p = 0.036) with a significant increase of TNF-α in blood during treatment. Depending on chemotherapy’s efficacy, CP patients were separated into 1) non responders (NR), 2) partial responders (PR) and 3) good responders (GR). Compared to PR and GR groups, NR patients showed: a) higher serum levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ during the follow-up and b) lower serum levels of IL-4 and TNF-α. In addition, serum levels of IL-4 were significantly higher in GR patients however TNF-α was the predominant cytokines in PR

关键词： Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy Cytokines Biomarkers

Mapping Rural Mobility in the Niakhar Area (Fatick Region, Senegal)

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2021年第1期13卷 65-82页

作者： Alphousseyni Ndonky mouhamadou moustapha Mbacké Ndour Ibrahima Ndiaye Richard Lalou Cheikh Tine UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Ecole Supérieure d’Economie Appliquée Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal MERIT_UMR 216/IRD Université Paris Descartes Paris France Université Cheikh Anta diop Dakar Sénégal

Despite the development of information and communication technologies, mobility still remains an important factor in the development of the social capital, by promoting social interactions. However, rural African populations face more difficulties getting around than city dwellers. In addition, studies on mobility in Africa are relatively weak. In rural African areas, this ignorance of mobility is even more important. It is necessary to identify the characteristics and the spatial structure of mobility flows before starting any reflection on solutions, particularly in terms of spatial allocation of transport resources. Our main objective is to map the current movement flows in the Niakhar area. We chose to use the cartographic approach to analyze mobility flows. The data come from a survey carried out in 2018, as part of the French Institute of Research for Development (IRD) Niakhar Atlas project. For the data analysis, we used 4 methods: dominant flux method, net flux calculation method, directional mean statistics and areal interpolation. The results revealed differences in mobility behavior depending on the season and in space, and the existence of three dominant centers: Ngayokhème, Diohine and Toucar. They also made it possible to highlight the main directions of the flows and the scalar fields of mobility.

关键词： Rural Mobility Polarization Attractivity Dominant Flow Dominant Center Area Interpolation Displacement Field

Chronic Kidney Disease in Sub-Saharan Africans: A Study of 462 Patients

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2021年第1期11卷 114-122页

作者： Mbengue Mansour Ba Djenaba Lemrabott Tall Ahmed Cissé mouhamadou moustapha Niang Abdou Department of Nephrology Dalal Jamm University Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Nephrology Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Nephrology El Hadji Amadou Sakhir Ndiéguéne Hospital Thiés Senegal

Chronic kidney disease is a global public health problem due to its increasing prevalence as well as its main risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes. However, in Africa, few studies have been done on chronic kidney disease. The aim of our study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects of chronic kidney disease. It was a retrospective and descriptive study carried out from the first of January 2004 to the 31st of December 2013 at Principal hospital in Dakar. Records of any patient aged 18 and over with chronic kidney disease were included. Chronic kidney disease was defined according to the KDIGO 2012 recommendations. Among the 8873 patient records used during our study, 462 presented with chronic kidney disease, which was a hospital prevalence of 5.2%. The sex ratio was 1.61. The mean age of the patients was 58.37 ± 19.97 years. There were 75.32% of the patients who were aged 50 and over. The mean serum creatinine was 49.14 ± 56.83. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 27.47 ± 19.86 ml/min/1.73 m2. Chronic renal failure was diagnosed in 92% of patients, including 34.9% in the end-stage of the renal disease. The mean proteinuria was 3.07 ± 4.92 g/24 h. Leukocyturia was present in 34.17% of patients. Hematuria was present in 25% of patients. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common causes, found in 61.25% and 35.93% of patients, respectively. Hemodialysis was performed in 49 patients. Peritoneal dialysis was performed in 2 patients. One patient had undergone a kidney transplant. This study establishes the relatively high prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors including hypertension and diabetes. It also reveals the late diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in our pa

关键词： Chronic Kidney Disease Hypertension Diabetes

Progression of Minimally Invasive Urological Surgery at Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye in Dakar in 20 Years of Practice

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Open Journal of Urology 2023年第7期13卷 214-222页

作者： Mohamed Jalloh David M. C. Loko mouhamadou moustapha Mbodji Medina Ndoye Abdourahmane Diallo Thierno Amadou Diallo Serigne Abdou Diagne Moussa Sène Babou Sakho Harmonie Adanmayi Becaye Gassama Lamine Niang Issa Labou Serigne Gueye Department of Urology H&#244pital Général Idrissa Pouye Dakar Senegal Department of Urology Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de Cotonou Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Open surgery is gradually being supplanted by minimally invasive surgical techniques worldwide. Our study aimed to describe the place of minimally invasive surgery at the Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye (HOGIP) in Dakar. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study over a 20-years period from 1st June 2000 to 31st December 2021 in the urology department of HOGIP in Dakar. The list of all surgical procedures performed was computed. We evaluated the distribution of minimally invasive procedures (endoscopy, PCNL, laparoscopy) overall and over the years. We made calculations of proportions and statistical significance was considered for alpha = 0.05. Results: In 20 years, 14,855 surgical procedures were performed, of which 5344 (36%) were minimally invasive surgeries. The average age of men was 53.19 years (standard deviation: 21.77) vs 47.32 years (standard deviation: 18.43) for women. Minimally invasive procedures in the lower urinary tract accounted for 71.93% and involved 1033 cystoscopies (26.87%), 1020 Trans Urethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) (26.53%), 931 Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy (DVIU) (24.21%, and 612 Trans Urethral Resection of the Bladder (TURB) (15.92%). In the upper urinary tract, 1461 (28.07%) minimally invasive procedures were performed, including PCNL in 193 cases (3.61%), laser endopyelotomy in 104 cases (1.95%), ureteroscopy in 486 cases (1.7%) and laparoscopy in 39 cases (0.46%). The proportion of minimally invasive surgery has gradually increased. Among the 5344 minimally invasive procedures, 333 (5.23%) were performed in 2000-2004 and 2332 (43.63%) in 2015-2019. Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgery represents an important part of the activity of the HOGIP urology department. Its development has improved over the years offering its advantages to the patients.

关键词： Open Surgery Endoscopy Laparoscopy PCNL

Pozzolanic Activity of Old Volcanic Tuffs of Mako Area (Senegal-Oriental, West African Craton): An Economic and Environmental Interest

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International Journal of Geosciences 2019年第3期10卷 225-237页

作者： Matar Ndiaye Mahamadane Diène mouhamadou Bassir diop Papa Malick Ngom I. S. T. BP: 5396 F Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal Département de géologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal

The volcanic tuffs of Senegal-Oriental in Mako area are produced during a calc-alkaline volcanism which occurs in this region and which is dated from about 2.3 - 1.95 Ga. Despite their altered appearance, the X-Ray diffractions show mineral paragenesis: Quartz-Kaolinite-Illite and an important amorphous phase. On the Ternary Keil-Rankin diagram for the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 the volcanic tuffs of Mako area are situated between pozzolan and the fly ash. The difference between silica and lime is greater than 34% in these volcanic tuffs. In this study, they have been mixed with Portland cement to obtain pozzolanic cements respectively with 20%, 30%, 35% and 40% of addition of volcanic tuffs. The pozzolanic reactivity is highlighted by the compressive strength increase until 90 days of conservation in water. It supposes that the vitreous phase of the volcanic tuffs reacts with the free CaO (CaOf) of Portland cement to produce new hydrated minerals. This study has a positive economic and environmental impact. Because the time of grinding of pozzolanic cements is reduced. Also, the addition of volcanic tuffs reduces the production of clinker, then the CO2 emission.

关键词： Old Volcanic Tuffs Calc-Alkaline X-Ray Diffractions Amorphous Pozzolanic Cements Compressive Strength Economic Environmental

Epidemioclinical Aspects of Childhood Domestic Accidents in the Emergency Department of Boffa Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期13卷 947-954页

作者： Bangoura Mmah Aminata Kolié Ouo Ouo Bangoura Kaba Camara Salématou Hassimiou diop Mamadou moustapha Touré Oumar Deen Camara Emmanuel Diallo Fatoumata Binta Bémy Pé Néabey Touré Mariame Oumar Institut de Nutrition et de Santé de l’Enfant Conakry Guinée Service de pédiatrie Hô pital national Donka Conakry Guinée Service de chirurgie pédiatrique Hô pital national Donka Conakry Guinée Hô pital préfectoral de Boffa Boffa Guinée

Introduction: Domestic accidents are defined as accidents that occur in the home or its immediate surroundings. Objective: To describe the epidemioclinical and therapeutic aspects. Patients and Methods: Prospective, descriptive study from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020 in the emergency department of Boffa prefectural hospital included all children aged 0 to 15 years admitted for domestic accidents. Results: Of 120 cases of accidental trauma, 56 were domestic accidents. The mean age was 7.08 years. The 0 - 5 and 11 - 15 age groups were the most represented (35.71%). The sex ratio was 1.55 in favor of boys. Domestic accidents were represented by falls (26.78%), thermal burns (21.43%), snakebite wounds (17.86%) and dog bites (10.71%), drowning (5.36%), and electrification by lightning (3.60%), one case or 1.78% of each of the following: esophageal foreign body by palm nut, firearm, wall collapse, stretching of upper limb. Paracetamol was the molecule most frequently used (89.28%). The outcome was favorable in 92.86% of cases. However, four (4) deaths were recorded. Conclusion: Domestic accidents remain a significant pathology at Boffa prefectural hospital.

关键词： Domestic Accidents Children Hospital Prefecture Boffa Guinea Conakry

Renewable Energy Powered Membrane Process for Removal of Excess Fluoride Ions and Safe Drinking Water Supply in Rural Areas in Senegal

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2022年第6期11卷 241-247页

作者： Mohamad moustapha Dieme Saidou Nourou diop mouhamadou Abdoulaye Diallo Amadou Dieye Amadou Lamine Diouf Courfia Kéba Diawara UFR Sciences et Technologies Universitéde Ziguinchor B.P 523 ZiguinchorSenegal Facultédes Science Technique UniversitéCheikh Anta DIOPB.P 5005 Dakar-FannSenegal

The analysis results made on drinking water from the rural areas of Kaolack,Diourbel and Fatick central region of Senegal showed the excess of fluoride and chloride *** on the area,the fluoride concentration in the water can reach 3.5 mg/*** values obtained are completely above of WHO(World Health Organization)*** objective of this study is to assess the performances of membrane filtration units powered by renewable energies for fluoride and salinity excess removal in remote village in *** membrane filtration units have been installed in rural areas of regions such as Kaolack,Fatick and *** membrane filtration units are equipped by the LPRO(Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis)membranes with 9 m^(2)of surface.A rejection rate of fluoride and chloride ions obtained is 99.33%and 95.25%*** conversion rates are ranged from 45%to 65%.These results clearly show that membrane processes can be used in Africa,especially in isolated rural areas,with the combination of renewable ***,more than twenty membrane filtration units are installed in Senegal and provide drinking water of very good quality for populations living in rural *** prospect is to expand it on a larger scale,which is already underway,with the construction of a desalination plant in Dakar.

关键词： Fluoride renewable energy LPRO membrane drinking water rural areas

Physico-Chemical and Mineralogical Characterizations of Tchiky Clays (Thies, Senegal) for Pharmaceutical Uses

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2023年第2期11卷 36-48页

作者： Rokhaya Sylla Gueye Nango Gaye Ousmane Ka Mamadou Baldé Adama Diedhiou Ngoné Diouf Samba F. Ndoye Idrissa Ndoye Yoro Tine Rokhaya Gueye mouhamadou B. diop Matar Seck Djibril Fall Alassane Welé Laboratory of Physical Mineral Organic and Therapeutic Chemistry Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD) Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology UCAD Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Geomaterials Institute of Earth Sciences UCAD Dakar Senegal

Our study focused on the valuation of Tchiky clays. This work aims to evaluate its properties to explore possible uses in pharmacy. Physico-chemical and mineralogical characterizations were carried out, as well as pharmacopoeial tests and an evaluation of the antioxidant activity. Thus, chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry gave silicon (55.65%), iron (15.73%), aluminum (13.53%), potassium (6.05%), titanium (3.98%), magnesium (2.10%), and calcium (0.82%). X-ray diffraction showed the presence of kaolinite, quartz and illite. This study also revealed that the sample studied was essentially a plastic clay of hard consistency, with average flowability. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity gave a percentage inhibition of 62.97% for a concentration of 7.5 g/l with an IC50 of 5.5 g/l. These results should allow use as an excipient in pharmacy, particularly in liquid, semi-liquid and pasty formulations.

关键词： Clays Tchiky Minerals Pharmacopoeia Antioxidant Activity

Radiotherapy of Esophageal Carcinomas at the Dantec University Hospital of Dakar from 2010 to 2015

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2020年第5期11卷 324-331页

作者： Papa Macoumba Gaye mouhamadou Bachir Ba Dabbo Dieng Mamadou moustapha Dieng Ahmadou Dem Radiotherapy Department Dalal Jamm Hospital Dakar Sénégal Joliot Curie Institute Dakar Senegal

We performed a descriptive retrospective study of radiotherapy of esophageal carcinomas at the Dantec University Hospital in Dakar from 2010 to 2015. The aim was to describe the type of patient, and to evaluate the indication and the results of the irradiation. We consulted 117 cases and selected 26 cases. The average age of patients is 46.1 years (Extremes 17 - 83 years and peaks 30-39 and 50 - 59 years). The sex ratio is 1.67. Smoking was reported in 38.4% of cases and alcoholism in 15.3%. Dysphagia is the predominant sign (100% of patients). The general condition is classified WHO 1 for 42.3% of cases. The tumor was localized in 61.5% in the lower third and is stenosing in 84.6% of our patients. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type (88.5% of cases). The size of the tumor, specified in 50% of cases, varies from 2.6 to 11.2 cm. Computed tomography is performed in more than 50% of cases. Endoscopic ultrasonography is not performed and surgical exploration has contributed to the staging of 7.7% of irradiated patients. The tumor is localized in 47.8% of cases;at an advanced stage in 52% and is metastatic in 4.3%. We note a transhiatal excision and a gastrostomy in 15% and 69% of the cases and no surgery of excision in healthy margin. Chemotherapy or neoadjuvant radiotherapy is not performed. The radiotherapy was: exclusive (11%), adjuvant after surgery in margin R2 (15%), palliative in 3 × 5 Gy per 3 week (4%) and concomitant with chemotherapy cisplatyl 5FU (70%). The spread ranges from 2 to 6 weeks. The partial and complete response rate is 38.4% and 11.5%. The stabilization is 30.7% and the progression is 19.4%. Grade I-2 toxicity was noted in 46.1% (asthenia, radiodermatitis, cough) and grade 3 radiodermite in 4%. The average follow-up time is 198.19 days with extremes of 2 days and 32 months.

关键词： Radiotherapy Esophageal Sénégal