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Appropriate Needle Lengths Determined Using Ultrasonic Echograms for Intramuscular Injections in Japanese Infants

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第2期6卷 163-170页

作者： Tetsuo Nakayama Urara Kohdera motoko fujino Toshihiro Tanaka Keitaro Yatabe Tomoyuki Hashiguchi Tomohide Sato Minoru Kino Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences Laboratory of Viral Infection I Tokyo Japan Department of Pediatrics Nakano Children’s Hospital Osaka Japan Department of Pediatrics Saiseikai Central Hospital Tokyo Japan Department of Pediatrics Shizuoka Kosei Hospital Shizuoka Japan Department of Clinical Development & Medical Affairs Japan Vaccine Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan

Adjuvanted vaccines are recommended for administration through an intramuscular route. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended the anterolateral thigh using a 22 - 25-G 25-mm (1 inch) needle for infants, injected at a 90° into the skin surface, and using a 16 mm (5/8 inch) for newborns. Appropriate needle lengths may differ depending on racial backgrounds. In the present study, the thickness of the epidermis and lengths from the skin surface to the muscle fascia and bone were measured using ultrasonic echograms in order to determine suitable needle lengths for Japanese infants aged 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 - 15 months old. The thickness of the epidermis was 1.44 - 1.54 mm (95% CI), and the lengths from the skin surface to the muscle fascia and bone were 11.52 - 12.28 mm (95% CI), and 25.66 - 26.93 mm (95% CI), respectively, at the anterolateral thigh. At the center of the deltoid muscle, skin thickness was similar to that at the thigh, furthermore the lengths from the skin surface to the muscle fascia and bone were 8.49 - 9.10 mm (95% CI), and 17.38 - 18.31 mm (95% CI), respectively. The lengths from the skin surface to the muscle fascia and bone were 1 - 2 mm shorter in 2-month-old infants than those in older generations. Therefore, the appropriate needle length for intramuscular injections in Japanese infants was 16 mm (5/8 inch) at any age and sites, and with 25 mm (1 inch) needles at a 90° angle being associated with the risk of over-penetration.

关键词： Intramuscular Injection Subcutaneous Injection Vaccines Needle Length

Critical approaches in the catalytic transformation of sugar isomerization and epimerization after Fischer-History,challenges,and prospects

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第3期9卷 435-453页

作者： Da-Ming Gao Xun Zhang Haichao Liu Hidemi fujino Tingzhou Lei Fuan Sun Jie Zhu Taoli Huhe National-local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refine and High-Quality Utilization Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Institute of Urban and Rural Mining Research Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green Safe&High Value UtilizationChangzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China Department of Rehabilitation Science Kobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobe654-0142Japan

The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and the synthesis of ***,high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS)is industrially produced in more than 10 million tons annually using immobilized glucose *** low-calorie saccharides such as tagatose and psicose,which are becoming popular sweeteners,have also been produced on a pilot scale in order to replace sucrose and ***,current catalysts and catalytic processes are still difficult to utilize in biomass conversion and also have strong substrate dependence in producing high-value,rare *** the specific reaction properties of saccharides and catalysts,since the pioneering discovery by Fischer,various catalysts and catalytic systems have been discovered or developed in attempts to extend the reaction pathways,improve the reaction efficiency,and to potentially produce commercial *** this review,we trace the history of sugar isomerization/epimerization reactions and summarize the important breakthroughs for each reaction as well as the difficulties that remain unresolved to date.

关键词： Rare sugars Isomerization Ketonization Epimerization Catalytic transformation

Two-layer cold storage method for pancreas and islet cell transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第26期16卷 3235-3238页

作者： Yasuhiro fujino Department of Surgery Hyogo Cancer Center Akashi 673-8558 Japan

The two-layer cold storage method (TLM) was f irst reported in 1988, consisting of a perfluorochemical (PFC) and initially Euro-Collins' solution, which was later replaced by University of Wisconsin solution (UW). PFC is a biologically inert liquid and acts as an oxygen-supplying agent. A pancreas preserved using the TLM is oxygenated through the PFC and substrates are supplied by the UW solution. This allows the pancreas preserved using the TLM to generate adenosine triphosphate during storage, prolonging the preservation time. In a canine model, the TLM was shown to repair and resuscitate warm ischemically damaged pancreata during preservation, improve pancreas graft survival after transplantation, and also improve the islet yield after isolation. Clinical trials using the TLM in pancreas preservation before whole-pancreas transplantation and islet isolation have shown promising outcomes. We describe the role of the TLM in pancreas and islet transplantation.

关键词： Two-layer method Pancreas preservation Pancreas transplantation Islet transplantation Perfluorochemical

Research and Implementations of Structural Monitoring for Bridges and Buildings in Japan

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Engineering 2019年第6期5卷 1093-1119页

作者： Yozo fujino Dionysius MSiringoringo Yoshiki Ikeda Tomonori Nagayama Tsukasa Mizutani Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National UniversityYokohama 240-8501Japan Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-0011Japan Department of Civil Engineering The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan

This paper provides a review on the development of structural monitoring in Japan, with an emphasis on the type, strategy, and utilization of monitoring systems. The review focuses on bridge and building structures using vibration-based techniques. Structural monitoring systems in Japan historically started with the objective of evaluating structural responses against extreme events. In the development of structural monitoring, monitoring systems and collected data were used to verify design assumptions, update speci cations, and facilitate the ef cacy of vibration control systems. Strategies and case studies on monitoring for the design veri cation of long-span bridges and tall buildings, the performance of seismic isolation systems in building and bridges, the veri cation of structural retro t, the veri cation of structural control systems (passive, semi-active, and active), structural assessment, and damage detec- tion are described. More recently, the application of monitoring systems has been extended to facilitate ef cient operation and effective maintenance through the rationalization of risk and asset management using monitoring data. This paper also summarizes the lessons learned and feedback obtained from case studies on the structural monitoring of bridges and buildings in Japan.

关键词： Structural monitoring Long-span bridge High-rise building Seismic monitoring Wind-induced responses Pavement and slab monitoring Structural control monitoring Structural assessment

The Power of Nudge:Do the Same Nudges Have the Same Effect in Different Countries?

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The Power of Nudge:Do the Same Nudges Have the Same Effect i...

作者： Lauren fujino 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

Nudges have been used by private companies and governments alike to alter individual’s behavior and influence their decision-making ***,to successfully implement nudges,those who structure choice systems must develop an understanding of how nudges are perceived by the *** differences between countries can alter people’s attitudes towards the same nudges and in turn affect how successful those nudge interventions *** paper examines the attitude differences between citizens of two different countries,the United States and China,towards different nudges aimed at promoting environmental *** the ’fathers’ of nudges,economists Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein have introduced and popularized the theory,helping to implement nudges in both the private and public *** as a unique behavior changing tool/method,nudges use behavioral insights to influence and guide the decision-making process without limiting choice or imposing large economic penalties or *** ＆ Sunstein’s book,Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health,Wealth,and Happiness,was used as the basis for this study along with other studies from them and other researchers on the *** studies covered the effectiveness,attitudes,perceptions,*** nudges in multiple sectors such as healthcare,environmental protection,and *** Kahneman’s work on the psychology of judgement and decision-making heavily influenced Thaler ＆ Sunstein’s work,and in turn,had a large impact on this study as *** book,Thinking,Fast and Slow,emphasized the dual processing system people use when making *** as System 1 and System 2,this system is the bases of which Thaler ＆ Sunstein lay out the building blocks of *** studying cultural differences,Dutch psychologist Gerard（Geert）Hendrik Hofstede’s work was used as a method to evaluate and measure the cultures in the United States and ***’s four original cultural dimensions were selected coveri

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Development of a Mobile Sensing Unit and Its Prototype Implementation

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 223-227页

作者： Yusuke Mizuno Yozo fujino Keita Kataoka Yoshihiro Matsumoto Research Center for Environmental Safety Yamaguchi University Department of Civil Engineering The University of Tokyo Research and Development Center East Japan Railway Company Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc.

This paper represents a design and development of a mobile sensing unit as well as its prototype implementation for railway track monitoring. The unit consists of an ultra-small personal computer (PC), a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, an accelerometer and an ADC (Analog/Digital Converter) so that the unit can trace the route while capturing an acceleration response of a passenger vehicle. The unit enables more frequent and qualitative data acquisition compared with traditional and the state of the practice railway track inspection equipments. Locating disorder is the key of our unit, which has a reasonable accuracy of positioning with GPS data, existing facilities landmarks, and car acceleration responses. The proposed unit is a promising device for efficient properties management of railway agencies. The prototype implementation shows a result that car acceleration responses are related with the track displacements in low frequencies. The results also imply that sensor settlement on a vehicle floor, not axes or bogies, is effective for capturing track vertical displacements.

关键词： mobile sensing railway track monitoring instrumentation data acquisition passenger vehicle global positioning system (GPS)

Efficacy of transanal drainage tube in preventing anastomotic leakage after surgery for rectal cancer: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第6期15卷 1202-1210页

作者： Shiki fujino Masayoshi Yasui Masayuki Ohue Norikatsu Miyoshi Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine Osaka International Cancer InstituteOsaka 541-8567Japan Department of Surgery Osaka International Cancer InstituteOsaka 541-8567Japan

BACKGROUND Anastomotic leakage(AL)following rectal cancer surgery is an important cause of mortality and *** transanal drainage tubes(TDTs)are expected to reduce the rate of AL,their preventive effects are *** To reveal the effect of TDT in patients with symptomatic AL after rectal cancer *** A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library *** included randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and prospective cohort studies(PCSs)in which patients were assigned to two groups depending on the use or non-use of TDT and in which AL was *** results of the studies were synthesized using the Mantel-Haenszel randomeffects model,and a two-tailed P value>0.05 was considered statistically *** Three RCTs and two PCSs were included in this *** AL was examined in all 1417 patients(712 with TDT),and TDTs did not reduce the symptomatic AL *** a subgroup analysis of 955 patients without a diverting stoma,TDT reduced the symptomatic AL rate(odds ratio=0.50,95%confidence interval:0.29–0.86,P=0.012).CONCLUSION TDT may not reduce AL overall among patients undergoing rectal cancer ***,patients without a diverting stoma may benefit from TDT placement.

关键词： Meta-analysis Drainage Transanal Anastomotic leakage Surgical stomas Rectal cancer

Helicobacter pylori infection and gastropathy:A comparison between Indonesian and Japanese patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第39期15卷 4928-4931页

作者： Murdani Abdullah Hiroyuki Ohtsuka Abdul Aziz Rani Tadashi Sato Ari F Syam Masayuki A fujino Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine University of IndonesiaCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital First Department of Medicine Yamanashi Medical University

AIM： To compare the effects of He/icobacter py/ori （Hpylon） infection on gastropathy between Indonesian and Japanese patients. METHODS： Biopsy specimens were obtained during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 167 subjects （125 Indonesians and 42 Japanese） with uninvestigated symptoms of dyspepsia. The specimens were analyzed for the presence of H pylori using urease analysis, histopathology, and cell culture. The grade and activity of gastritis was assessed using the updated Sydney system. RESULTS： The percentages of Indonesian and Japanese patients who were H py/ori-positive at the antrum or body of the stomach were similar （68% and 59.5%, respectively; P = 0.316）. Of those who were Hpylori-positive, more Japanese patients than Indonesian patients had high levels of polymorphonuclear cells （P = 0.001）, mononuclear cells （P = 0.013）, glandular atrophy （P = 0.000）, and intestinal metaplasia （P = 0.011） in both the antrum and body of the stomach. CONCLUSION： The grade of gastritis and prevalence of mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were higher in Japanese patients. The difference between Indonesian and Japanese patients was significant.

关键词： Helicobacterpylori Gastritis Gastric cancer Intestinal metaplasia Atrophy

Parametric oscillation of cables and aerodynamic effect

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2010年第3期4卷 321-325页

作者： Yong XIA Jing ZHANG Youlin XU Yozo fujino Department of Civil and Structural Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Civil Engineering The University of TokyoTokyoJapan

This paper addresses the aerodynamic effect on the nonlinear oscillation,particularly parametric vibration of cables in cable-stayed bridges.A simplified 2-DOF model,including a beam and a stayed cable,is formulated *** of the cable under global harmonic excitation which is associated with wind speed is obtained using the multiple scales *** numerical analysis,the stability condition of the cable in terms of wind speed is *** method is applied to a numerical example and a long-span bridge to analyze its all stay *** is demonstrated that very large vibration at one of the longest cables in the middle span of the bridge can be parametrically excited when the wind speed is over around 210 km/h(58.5 m/s).

关键词： parametric vibration cables cable-stayed bridge nonlinear vibration