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The relationship between fire severity and burning efficiency for estimating wildfire emissions in Mediterranean forests

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1195-1206页

作者： Bountouraby Balde Cristina Vega-garcia Pere Joan Gelabert Aitor Ameztegui Marcos Rodrigues Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering University of LleidaAv.Alcalde Rovira Roure19125198 LleidaSpain Department of Geography and Land Management University of ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009 SaragossaSpain

Forests are exposed to changing climatic conditions reflected by increasing drought and heat waves that increase the risk of wildfire ignition and *** variables such as rain and wind as well as vegetation structure,land configuration and forest management practices are all factors that determine the burning potential of *** assessment of emissions released by vegetation combustion is essential for determining greenhouse gases and air *** estimation of wildfire-related emissions depends on factors such as the type and fraction of fuel(i.e.,live biomass,ground litter,dead wood)consumed by the fire in a given area,termed the burning *** approaches estimate live burning efficiency from optical remote sensing *** study used a data-driven method to estimate live burning efficiency in a Mediterranean *** severity estimations from Lands at imagery(dNBR),which relate to fuel consumption,and quantitative field data from three national forest inventory data were combined to establish the relationship between burning severity and live burning *** proxies explored these relationships based on dNBR interval classes,as well as regres sion *** correlation results between live burning efficiency and dNBR for conifers(R=0.63)and broad-leaved vegetation(R=0.95)indicated ways for improving emissions *** estimations by severity class(low,moderate-low,moderate-high,and high)are provided for conifers(0.44-0.81)and broad-leaves(0.64-0.86),and regression models for the live fraction of the tree canopy susceptible to burning(7 branches,and leaves).The live burning efficiency values by severity class were higher than previous studies.

关键词： Forest wildfires Emissions Greenhouse gases Satellite images

Effectiveness of lukewarm water compress on reduction of breast pain and breast engorgement among post-cesarean section mothers

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中西医结合护理杂志(英文) 2023年第3期5卷 167-172页

作者： Soni CHAUHAN Kumari NUTAN monica AGRAWAL Surya Kant TIWARI Nursing Tutor Yatharth Nursing College and Paramedical InstituteChandauliUttar PradeshIndia Institute of Nursing King George’s Medical UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia Professor Cum Vice-Principal M.V.P.Samaj’s Institute of Nursing EducationNashikMaharashtraIndia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology King George’s Medical UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia

Objective:The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of lukewarm water compress on breast pain and breast engorgement among post-cesarean primiparous *** and Methods:This quasi-experimental posttest-only design was conducted with 60 post-cesarean section primiparous mothers between October 2018 and January 2019.A simple random sampling technique was used to allocate 30 participants to both experimental and control *** experimental group received lukewarm water compress using a sponge cloth for 20 min twice a day on the second,third,and fourth postnatal *** control group received routine hospital *** pain and engorgement were assessed using the Visual Analog Pain Scale and Breast Engorgement Assessment Scale on the third,fourth,and fifth postnatal ***:Significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups on day 1 and day 3 in terms of breast pain and engorgement scores among post-cesarean section mothers(P0.05).Conclusion:Lukewarm water compress is effective in reducing breast pain and engorgement in post-cesarean primiparous *** research can include randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of different therapies in treating breast pain and engorgement.

关键词： Effectiveness lukewarm water compress post-cesarean section postnatal posttest only primiparous

Analysis of an event study using the Fama–French five‑factor model:teaching approaches including spreadsheets and the R programming language

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 2042-2075页

作者： monica Martinez‑Blasco Vanessa Serrano Francesc Prior Jordi Cuadros IQS School of Management-Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 39008017 BarcelonaSpain IQS School of Engineering-Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 39008017 BarcelonaSpain

The current financial education framework has an increasing need to introduce tools that facilitate the application of theoretical models to real-world data and ***,only a limited number of free tools are available for this *** this lack of tools,the present study provides two approaches to facilitate the implementa-tion of an event *** first approach consists of a set of MS Excel files based on the Fama–French five-factor model,which allows the application of the event study methodology in a semi-automatic *** second approach is an open-source R-programmed tool through which results can be obtained in the context of an event study without the need for programming *** tool widens the calculus possibilities provided by the first approach and offers the option to apply not only the Fama–French five-factor model but also other models that are common in the finan-cial *** is a user-friendly tool that enables reproducibility of the analysis and ensures that the calculations are free of manipulation *** approaches are freely available and ready-to-use.

关键词： Event study Fama–French five-factor model Financial education Teaching innovation Spreadsheet R programming language

Revisiting mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies in metastatic clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2023年第2期6卷 314-326页

作者： monica Sheila Chatwal Jad Chahoud Philippe E.Spiess Department of Genitourinary Oncology H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA

Renal-cell carcinoma(RCC)remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality *** newer therapeutic combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies have greatly improved outcomes,resistance to these therapies is becoming a challenge for long-term *** of resistance have been explored in a variety of solid tumors,including *** upon our review of the current literature on the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies for the management of metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas(mccRCC),the ensuing conclusions have been made:The management of mccRCC has progressed substantially with the advent of checkpoint inhibitors and targeted oral therapies,alone and/or in ***,innate or developed resistance to these therapies remains an ongoing challenge,particularly to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).Several of the known mechanisms of resistance have been well defined,but recent progression in cellular therapies helps to expand the armamentarium of potential combination options that may overcome these modes of resistance and improve long-term disease control and survival for an otherwise dismal *** the ensuing review and update of the literature on the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies in mccRCC,we have revisited the known resistance mechanisms of immunotherapies in metastatic clear-cell RCC and explored ongoing and future strategies to overcome them.

关键词： Metastatic clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma immune therapy checkpoint inhibitor resistance chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy

Smart cities from low cost to expensive solutions under an optimal analysis

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 1660-1693页

作者： Romeo‑Victor Ionescu monica Laura Zlati Valentin‑Marian Antohi Dunarea de Jos University 111thDomneasca Street800201 GalatiRomania Dunarea de Jos University Nicolae BalcescuStreetNo.59‑61800001 GalatiRomania Department of Finance Accounting and Economic TheoryTransylvania UniversityBrasovRomania

This scientific approach mainly aims to develop a smart city/smart community concept to objectively evaluate the progress of these organizational forms in relation to other classical/traditional forms of city *** elaborated model allowed the construction of the dashboard of access actions in the smart city/smart community category on two levels of financial effort correlated with the effect on the sustainable development of smart *** validity of the proposed model and our approach was supported by the complex statistical analysis performed in this *** research concluded that low-cost solutions are the most effective in supporting smart urban *** should be followed by the other category of solutions,which implies more significant financial and managerial efforts as well as a higher rate of welfare growth for urban *** main outcomes of this research include modelling solutions related to smart city development at a low-cost level and identifying the sensitivity elements that maximize the growth *** implications of this research are to provide viable alternatives based on smart city development opportunities with medium and long-term effects on urban communities,economic sustainability,and translation into urban development *** study’s results are useful for all administrations ready for change that want the rapid implementation of the measures with beneficial effects on the community or which,through a strategic vision,aim to connect to the European objectives of sustainable growth and social welfare for ***,this study is a tool for defining and implementing smart public policies at the urban level.

关键词： IoT Smart city Smart economy Sustainability Urban development

Analgesic effect of inhaled lavender essential oil for frenotomy in healthy neonates:a randomized clinical trial

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第6期18卷 398-403页

作者： Silvia Maya-Enero Montserrat Fàbregas-Mitjans Rosa Maria Llufriu-Marquès Júlia Candel-Pau Jordi garcia-garcia MaríaÁngeles López-Vílchez Department of Neonatology Service of PediatricsHospital del MarParc de Salut MarUniversitat Pompeu FabraPasseig Marítim 25-2908003BarcelonaSpain

Background Neonatal pain may affect long-term neurodevelopment and must be *** is a painful procedure wherein a common strategy to relieve pain(sucking)cannot be used because the technique is performed on the *** essential oil(LEO)has sedative and antispasmodic properties and has been successfully used to treat pain during heel puncture and *** aim was to demonstrate if the use of inhaled LEO is effective in reducing pain during frenotomy in healthy,full-term *** We conducted a randomized clinical trial in neonates who underwent a frenotomy between August 2020 and April *** assessed pain using pre and post-procedure heart rate and oxygen saturation,crying time and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale(NIPS)*** with type 3 tongue tie were randomized into the“experimental group”and“control group”.In both groups,we performed swaddling,administered oral sucrose,and let the newborn suck for two *** the experimental group,we also placed a gauze pad with one drop of LEO under the neonate’s nose for two minutes prior to and during the *** We enrolled 142 patients(71 per group).The experimental group showed significantly lower NIPS scores(1.88 vs 2.92)and cried almost half the amount of time(14.8 vs.24.6 seconds,P=0.006).Comparing with the control group,we observed no side effects in either of the *** We observed a significant decrease in crying time and lower NIPS scores in the neonates who received inhaled LEO and underwent a frenotomy for type 3 ***,we recommend using inhaled LEO during neonatal frenotomies.

关键词： Ankyloglossia Aromatherapy Frenotomy Lavender Neonate Neonatal pain Tongue-tie

Is the combination of immunotherapy with conventional chemotherapy the key to increase the efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2023年第2期15卷 251-267页

作者： Jonadab E Olguin monica G Mendoza-Rodriguez C Angel Sanchez-Barrera Luis I Terrazas Laboratorio Nacional en Salud Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-degenerativasFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla 54090Estado de MexicoMexico Unidad de Biomedicina Facultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla 54090Estado de MexicoMexico

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is among the most prevalent and deadly neoplasms worldwide. According to GLOBOCAN predictions, its incidence will increase from 1.15 million CRC cases in 2020 to 1.92 million cases in 2040. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in CRC development is necessary to improve strategies focused on reducing the incidence, prevalence,and mortality of this oncological pathology. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the main strategies for treating CRC. The conventional chemotherapeutic agent utilized throughout the last four decades is 5-fluorouracil, notwithstanding its low efficiency as a single therapy. In contrast, combining 5-fluorouracil therapy with leucovorin and oxaliplatin or irinotecan increases its efficiency. However, these treatments have limited and temporary solutions and aggressive side effects. Additionally, most patients treated with these regimens develop drug resistance, which leads to disease progression. The immune response is considered a hallmark of cancer;thus, the use of new strategies and methodologies involving immune molecules, cells, and transcription factors has been suggested for CRC patients diagnosed in stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Despite the critical advances in immunotherapy, the development and impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors on CRC is still under investigation because less than 25% of CRC patients display an increased 5-year survival. The causes of CRC are diverse and include modifiable environmental factors(smoking, diet, obesity, and alcoholism), individual genetic mutations, and inflammation-associated bowel diseases. Due to these diverse causes, the solutions likely cannot be generalized. Interestingly, new strategies, such as single-cell multiomics, proteomics, genomics, flow cytometry, and massive sequencing for tumor microenvironment analysis, are beginning to clarify the way forward. Thus,the individual mechanisms involved in developing the CRC microenvironment, their causes, and t

关键词： Colorectal cancer Immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Immune response

Evaluating the potential of(epi)genotype‑by‑low pass nanopore sequencing in dairy cattle:a study on direct genomic value and methylation analysis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2276-2289页

作者： Oscar Gonzalez‑Recio Adrian Lopez‑Catalina Ramon Peiro‑Pastor Alicia Nieto‑Valle monica Castro Almudena Fernandez Dpt.Mejora Genetica Animal INIA-CSICCtra La Coruna Km 7.528040 MadridSpain. ETSIAAB Universidad Politecnica de Madrid.Ciudad Universitaria S/N28040 MadridSpain.

Background Genotype-by-sequencing has been proposed as an alternative to SNP genotyping arrays in genomic selection to obtain a high density of markers along the *** requires a low sequencing depth to be cost effective,which may increase the error at the genotype *** generation nanopore sequencing technology offers low cost sequencing and the possibility to detect genome methylation,which provides added value to *** aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of genotype-by-low pass nanopore sequencing for estimating the direct genomic value in dairy cattle,and the possibility to obtain methylation marks *** Latest nanopore chemistry(LSK14 and Q20)achieved a modal base calling accuracy of 99.55%,whereas previous kit(LSK109)achieved slightly lower accuracy(99.1%).The direct genomic value accuracy from genotype-by-low pass sequencing ranged between 0.79 and 0.99,depending on the trait(milk,fat or protein yield),with a sequencing depth as low as 2×and using the latest chemistry(LSK114).Lower sequencing depth led to biased estimates,yet with high rank *** LSK109 and Q20 achieved lower accuracies(0.57-0.93).More than one million high reliable methylated sites were obtained,even at low sequencing depth,located mainly in distal intergenic(87%)and promoter(5%)*** This study showed that the latest nanopore technology in useful in a LowPass sequencing framework to estimate direct genomic values with high *** may provide advantages in populations with no available SNP chip,or when a large density of markers with a wide range of allele frequencies is *** addition,low pass sequencing provided nucleotide methylation status of>1 million nucleotides at≥10×,which is an added value for epigenetic studies.

关键词： Genomic selection Genomic values Low pass sequencing Low sequencing imputation Polygenic risk score

Land-use change and windstorms legacies drove the recolonization dynamics of laurel forests in Tenerife, Canary islands

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 113-124页

作者： Vicente Rozas Maria A.garcia-Lopez Jose M.Olano Gabriel Sanguesa-Barreda Miguel garcia-Hidalgo Susana Gomez-Gonzalez Roberto Lopez-Rubio Jose M.Fernandez-Palacios Ignacio garcia-Gonzalez Laura Lozano-Lopez Paula garcia-Gonzalez Ana I.garcia-Cervigon EiFAB-iuFOR Universidad de ValladolidCampus Duques de Soria42004SoriaSpain Departamento de Biologia-IVAGRO Universidad de CadizCampus Rio San Pedro11510Puerto RealSpain Center for Climate and Resilience Research(CR)2 Blanco Encalada 20028370449SantiagoChile Area de Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Rey Juan Carlosc/Tulipan s/n28933MostolesSpain Grupo de Ecologia y Biogeografia Insular Universidad de La Laguna38206La LagunaTenerifeSpain BIOAPLIC Departamento de BotanicaEscola Politecnica Superior de EnxenariaCampus TerraUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaLugo27002Spain

Laurel forests are quite relevant for biodiversity conservation and are among the island ecosystems most severely damaged by human *** the past,Canary laurel forests have been greatly altered by logging,livestock and *** remains of laurel forests are currently protected in the Canary Islands(Spain).However,we miss basic information needed for their restoration and adaptive management,such as tree longevity,growth potential and responsiveness to natural and anthropogenic *** dendrochronological methods,we studied how forest dynamic is related to land-use change and windstorms in two well-preserved laurel forests on Tenerife *** cores were collected from over 80 trees per stand at three stands per *** used ring-width series to estimate tree ages and calculate annual basal area increments(BAI),cumulative diameter increases,and changes indicative of released and suppressed *** tree species were found in all stands,with Laurus novocanariensis,Ilex canariensis and Morella faya being the most common *** some individuals were over 100 years old,61.8%-88.9% of the trees per stand established between 1940 and 1970,coinciding with a post-war period of land abandonment,rural exodus and the onset of a tourism *** trees have shown growth rates larger than 1 cm diameter per year and most species have had increasing BAI trends over the past *** growth releases occurred after windstorms at both sites,but the effects of windstorms were site-dependent,with the 1958 storm affecting mainly the eastern tip of the island(Anaga massif)and the 1991 storm the western tip(Teno massif).Given the great ability of laurel forest trees to establish after land use cessation and to increase growth after local disturbances such as windstorms,passive restoration may be sufficient to regenerate this habitat in currently degraded areas.

关键词： Canary islands Dendroecology Disturbance Forest structure Macaronesia Management cessation Tree rings