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Occurrence and fate of endogenous steroid hormones,alkylphenol ethoxylates, bisphenol A and phthalates in municipal sewage treatment systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 49-58页

作者： Qian Wu James C.W.Lam Karen Y.Kwok mirabelle m.p.tsui paul K.S.Lam State Key Laboratory in marine pollution (SKLmp) Department of Biology and Chemistry Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity City University of Hong Kong Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong of Kong

Steroid hormones, alkylphenol ethoxylates（ApEOs） and phthalic acid esters（pAEs） are emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals（EDCs） that can interfere with the endocrine function in organisms at low concentrations. The occurrence, distribution behavior, removal rate and the fate of 31 target EDCs in sewage treatment plants, which consist of various treatment facilities and receiving water in Hong Kong, were investigated. Estrone,nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate and diethyl phthalate were found to be dominant in each group of influent samples with concentrations ranging from 11–33, 747–3945 and 445–4635 ng/L,respectively. Conversely, progesterone, nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate and bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate were the most abundant in dewatered sludge, with concentrations ranging from 0.9–237, 75–19,743 and 4310–37,016 ng/g（dry weight）. The removal rates of primary sedimentation and disinfection approaches were lower than 30% for most of the chemicals,while those of activated sludge and reverse osmosis were greater than 80% for more than two-thirds of the compounds, noticeably decreasing the estrogenic risk of sewage discharged into the environment. Steroid hormones were removed via biological degradation, while some ApEOs and pAEs adsorbed to the sludge. Victoria Harbor poses a low to medium estrogenic risk mainly contributed by estrone and estradiol and deserves attention.

关键词： Endocrine disruptor Steroid hormone Alkylphenol ethoxylate phthalic acid ester Risk assessment

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Influence of cerium ions on structure-dependent magnetic properties of Ba-Sr m-type hexaferrite nanocrystals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第2期42卷 364-372,I0005页

作者： Ram A.pawar Sunil m.patange p.m.Dighe Sher Singh meena Abdullah GAl-Sehemi mehboobali pannipara Santosh S.Jadhav Department of physics ArtsCommerce and Science CollegeAhmednagar413711MaharashtraIndia Department of physics Shri Krishna MahavidyalayaGunjotiDistOsmanabad413606MaharashtraIndia padmashri Vikhe patil College of Arts Science and CommercePravaranagarA/P.Loni(Kd)Tal.RahataDistAhmednagar413713MaharashtraIndia Solid State physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai400085MaharashtraIndia Department of Chemistry King Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia Department of physics D.S.M's ArtsCommerce and Science CollegeJintur431509MaharashtraIndia

The present study is a systematic effort to investigate the structure-sensitive magnetic parameters of Ce^(3+) substituted Ba-Sr hexaferrite nanocrystals chemically formulated as Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Ce_(x)Fe_(12-x)O_(19) where x=0.0-0.2 with Δx=*** hexaferrite powders were prepared using the sol-gel self-ignition route and structurally characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared *** creation of the m-type hexaferrite phase within the synthesized samples was revealed from the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray *** occurrence of a secondary phase of CeO_(2) was revealed within the hexaferrites for the substitution,x> *** refined X-ray diffraction data were utilized to compute the lattice parameters,X-ray density,and lattice parameter *** crystal structure plotted from the refined XRD data reveals the occupancy of the ions at different lattice *** XpS data of the hexaferrite were analyzed to confirm the oxidation states of the constituent *** nanocrystalline nature of the hexaferrites was revealed from the crystallite sizes calculated using Scherer's *** analysis of FTIR spectra confirms that only a fraction of Ce^(3+)accommodated in the lattice and the remaining Ce content reside in the form of the CeO_(2) *** morphology of the hexaferrites was analyzed from the FESEm profiles of the ferrite *** magnetic behavior study was performed by analyzing the Curie temperature,hysteresis loops,and hyperfine interactions by means of susceptibility,V.S.m,and mossbauer spectroscopy,*** hexaferrites with increasing coercivity,decreasing saturation magnetization,and decreasing Curie temperature are reported in the *** substituted Ce^(3+)ions inhibit the grain growth and create lattice imperfections giving rise to hexaferrites with tuned magnetic parameters suitable for different applications.

关键词： Ba-Sr hexaferrite Ce^(3+)substitution XpS Saturation magnetization Coercivity m?ssbauer spectroscopy

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Selection of digital fabrication technique in the construction industry--A multi-criteria decision-making approach

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 977-997页

作者： m.p.SALAImANImAGUDAm J.JAYApRAKASH Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering School of Civil EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Digital fabrication techniques,in recent decades,have provided the basis of a sustainable revolution in the construction ***,selecting the digital fabrication method in terms of manufacturability and functionality requirements is a complex *** paper presents alternatives and criteria for selection of digital fabrication techniques by adopting the multi-criteria decision-making *** alternatives considered in the study are concrete three-dimensional(3D)printing,shotcrete,smart dynamic casting,material intrusion,mesh molding,injection concrete 3D printing,and thin forming *** criteria include formwork utilization,reinforcement incorporation,geometrical complexity,material enhancement,assembly complexity,surface finish,and build *** demonstrates different multi-criteria decision-making techniques,with both subjective and objective weighting *** given ranking is based on the current condition of digital fabrication in the construction *** study reveals that in the selection of digital fabrication techniques,the criteria including reinforcement incorporation,build area,and geometrical complexity play a pivotal role,collectively accounting for nearly 70% of the overall *** the evaluated techniques,concrete 3D printing emerged as the best performer,however the shotcrete and mesh molding techniques in the second and third positions.

关键词： digital fabrication multicriteria decision-making concrete 3D printing

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Intertype superconductivity evoked by the interplay of disorder and multiple bands

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 81-89页

作者： p.m.marychev A.A.Shanenko A.V.Vagov HSE University 101000 MoscowRussia Center for Advanced mesoscience and Nanotechnology MIPTDolgoprudny141700Russia

Nonmagnetic impurity scattering is known to shift up the Ginzburg-Landau parameter k of a *** this case,when the system is initially in type I,it can change its magnetic response,crossing the intertype domain with k~1 between the two standard superconductivity types and arriving at type *** the present work we demonstrate that the impact of disorder can be much more profound in the presence of the multiband structure of the charge carrier *** particular,when the band diffusivities differ from each other,the intertype domain tends to expand significantly,including points with k>>1 that belong to deep type-Ⅱ in conventional single-band *** finding sheds light on the nontrivial disorder effect and significantly complements earlier results on the enlargement of the intertype domain in clean multiband superconductors.

关键词： superconductivity disorder intertype superconductivity twoband model

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mechanisms behind the environmental sensitivity of carbon fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene(pTFE)

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 997-1015页

作者： pontus JOHANSSON p.mARKLUND m.BJORLING Y.SHI Division of machine Element LuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleåSE-97187Sweden

Carbon fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (CF/pTFE) composites are known for their exceptional tribological performance when sliding against steel or cast iron in inert gas environments. Compared to experiments in humid air, about an order of magnitude lower wear rate and several times lower coefficient of friction have been reported for tests conducted in dry nitrogen and hydrogen. moreover, trace moisture has been shown to affect the friction and wear significantly of this tribosystem, although a possible effect of oxygen cannot be ruled out due to uncertainties regarding the oxygen concentrations. While several studies have pointed out the environmental sensitivity of CF/pTFE, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms are very limited. The objective of this research is to investigate the individual and combined effect of oxygen and moisture on the tribological behavior of CF/pTFE sliding against steel. Additionally, this study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that govern the environmental sensitivity of the system. Climate-controlled three-pin-on-disc experiments were conducted in nitrogen atmospheres at various concentrations of oxygen and moisture. The tribological results clearly demonstrate that both moisture and oxygen contribute to increased friction and wear. However, the adverse effect was much more pronounced for oxygen than moisture. A qualitative method was developed to estimate the tribofilm coverage on the CF/pTFE surface. Results showed strong correlation between high coverage of strongly adhered tribofilm and low wear rate. moreover, a loosely adhered tribofilm was observed on top of the CF/pTFE surface in presence of moisture. FTIR analysis indicated that the loosely adhered tribofilm found in the moisture-enriched environment contained a significant amount of adsorbed water, which may explain the lower coefficient of friction in presence of moisture compared to oxygen. The adsorbed water in the loosely adhered tribofilm coul

关键词： polymer composite tribofilm tribochemistry atmosphere

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Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touche C.Calvaruso p.De Donato m.-p.Turpault INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance UmR 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western Europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly *** experiment in a beech forest in meuse(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence *** aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynamics,including resorption,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium(K)partitioning to resorption(*** efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades,there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study *** foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus(p)were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(N)resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree *** calcium(Ca)negative resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf

关键词： Natural drought Beech forest Canopy Resorption Foliar leaching Senesced leaves Nutrition

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Tensile deformation of fine-grained mg at 4K,78K and 298K

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2534-2556页

作者： m.Walag A.Kula p.Noga T.Tokarski G.Cios m.Niewczas AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Non-Ferrous MetalsKrakowPoland AGH University of Krakow Academic Centre for Materials and NanotechnologyKrakowPoland materials Science and Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada

The impact of grain size, ranging from 0.9 μm to 9 μm, on the mechanical properties of commercially pure mg is investigated at temperatures of 4K, 78K, and 298K. The mechanisms governing plastic flow are influenced by both grain size and temperature. At 4K and 78K, dominant deformation modes in mg involve dislocation glide and extension twinning, regardless of grain size. The interactions between basal and non-basal dislocations and dislocations with grain boundaries promote an unusually high rate of work hardening in the plastic regime, leading to premature failure. The yield stress follows the Hall-petch relationship σy~ k/√d, with the slope k increasing with decreasing temperature. At 298K, in addition to dislocation glide and twinning, grain boundary sliding(GBS) becomes significant in samples with grain sizes below 3 μm, considerably enhancing the material's deformability. GBS activation provides an additional recovery mechanism for dislocations accumulating at grain boundaries, facilitating their absorption during sliding and rotation. Analysis of σ Θ relationship suggests that the basal slip is the dominant dislocation mode in mg at 298K. Decreasing grain size suppresses dislocation activity and twinning and increases GBS, resulting in lower Θ and σ Θ values. Suppressing conventional deformation modes coupled with enhanced GBS yields stress softening, breaking down the Hall-petch relationship in mg below 3 μm grain size, leading to an inverse Hall-petch behaviour. The work reports new data on the strength, ductility, work hardening and fracture behaviour, and their variations with mg grain size across different temperature regimes.

关键词： polycrystalline mg mechanical properties Deformation mechanisms Work-hardening Texture evolution Cryogenic temperatures Hall-petch relationship

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Developing a two-decadal time-record of rice field maps using Landsat-derived multi-index image collections with a random forest classifier:A Google Earth Engine based approach

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Information processing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 260-275页

作者： W.Ashane m.Fernando I.p.Senanayake Department of Nano Science Technology Wayamba University of Sri LankaKuliyapitiya 60200Sri Lanka Dchoolf Engineing CllegeoEngineeringSience and EnionmentThe UniversyewcastleCallaghanW2Austraia

Historic maps showing the temporal distribution of rice fields are important for precision agriculture,irrigation optimisation,forecasting crop yields,land use management and formulating ***,mapping rice felds using traditional ground surveys is impractical when high cost,time and labour requirements are considered,and the availability of such detailed records is *** satellite remote sensing appears to be a viable solution,conventional segmentation and classification methods with spectral bands are often unable to contrast the distinct characteristics between rice fields and other vegetation *** this end,we explored a novel,Google Earth Engine(GEE)based multiindex random forest(RF)classification approach to map rice fields over two *** images from 2000 to 2020 of two Sri Lankan rice cultivation districts were extracted from GEE and a multi-index RF classification algorithm was applied to distinguish the rice *** results showed above 80%accuracy for both training and validation,when compared against high spatial resolution Google Earth *** essence,multi-index sampling and RF together synergised the compelling classifcation accuracy by effectively capturing vegetation,water(ponding)and soil characteristics unique to the rice felds using a single-click *** maps developed in this study were further compared against the mODIS land cover type product(mCD12Q1)and the corresponding superior statistics on rice fields demonstrated the robustness of the proposed *** work seeking effective index combinations is recommended,and this approach can potentially be extended to other crop analyses elsewhere.

关键词： Google Earth Engine(GEE) Image classification Random forest mapping rice fields Time series analysis Vegetation index

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Consumer transparency in the production chain for plant varieties produced using new genomic techniques

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 239-246页

作者： J.m.Lukasiewicz C.C.m.van de Wiel L.A.p.Lotz m.J.m.Smulders Wageningen University&Research P.O.Box 386NL-6700 AJ WageningenThe Netherlands

plants edited with new genomic techniques(NGTs)currently fall under the Genetically modified Organisms Directive(2001/18/EC)in the European *** the proposal of the European Commission,NGT plants are partially exempted from the regulations of this *** proposal makes a distinction between two categories of NGT plants:NGT-1 and ***-1 category plants are considered equal to plants obtained through conventional breeding *** plants will not be labelled for the consumer,although they will be labelled as ***-2 category plants may be labelled with additional information as a positive *** of seeds of varieties made with gene editing,but not the products,would mean that most steps in the production chain are transparent,but not the last step towards ***“right to know”and increasing knowledge of gene-edited food is a common theme in food labelling towards ***,we describe current labelling regimes and registers and how these may be applied to provide transparency on gene-edited products to ***,we also look into consumer studies,which indicate a greater acceptance of gene-edited food among consumers,especially when additional benefits such as sustainability are mentioned.

关键词： Labelling New genomic techniques Consumer transparency plant products

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CO oxidation under lean and stoichiometric conditions over ceriazirconia with very low metal contents(Cu,Co,Ag and pt)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1669-1681,I0002页

作者： J.C.martínez-munuera m.p.Yeste A.García-García mCmA Group Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute of MaterialsUniversity of AlicanteCarretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n03690San Vicente del RaspeigAlicanteSpain Solid Chemistry and Catalysis Group Department of Materials ScienceMetallurgic Engineering and Inorganic ChemistryInstitute of Electronic Microscopy and Materials ResearchUniversity of CádizAp.40E-11510Puerto RealCádizSpain

In this work,several ceria-zirconia based catalysts with very lo w(and equimolar) metal contents were prepared,characterised and tested for the CO oxidatio n reaction(under lean and stoichiometric conditions),trying to emulate those conditions found in a diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC) system from a diesel engine and those encountered under gasoline exhaust(λ=1).The metals chosen are Cu,Co,Ag and pt(as a reliable benchmark).The results reveal enormous differences among reducibility and catalytic activity despite quite similar structural and textural properties of the catalysts,showing differences among dispersion(Ag-catalyst seems to present a low level of dispersion).This catalyst seems to be characterised,as well,by a strong electronic interaction between Ce and Ag centres which is suggested to yield an improved reducibility under H_(2)-TpR ***,the order in catalytic activity(Cu>Ag>Co≈pt>>support) seems not to follow the order found in reducibility and the Cu-catalyst seems to be the most active independently on the reaction conditions,yielding nearly overlapped CO oxidation catalytic *** restingly,a stro ng correlation between the catalytic activity under the two conditions tested and the OSC values of the Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O_(2)-supported metal catalysts is ***,OSC parameter measured at 150℃ can be used as a relevant descriptor to evaluate the CO oxidation activity at low and medium conversions for the investigated catalysts,much better than the H_(2)-TpR measurements.

关键词： CO oxidation Low metal content Ceria-zirconia Copper species OSC parameter Rare earths

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