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Utility of semivariogram for spatial variation of soil nutrients and.the robust analysis of semivariogram

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第4期13卷 453-458页

作者： Guo, X.-d. Fu, B.-j. Ma, K.-m. Chen, L.-d. d.partment of Systems Ecology Res. Cntr. Eco-Environmental Sci. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The spatial variation of soil nutrients in topsoil (0-20cm) was analyzed.using semivariogram in the Zunhua County of Hebei Province, China. The effect on semivariogram with rand.mly d.leted.d.ta and.kriged.estimates using various red.ced.sample sizes was also analyzed. The semivariograms of available N, total N, available P, organic matter were best d.scribed.by a spherical mod.l, except for available K, which best fitted.a complex structure of exponential mod.l and.linear with sill mod.l. The ratio of nugget to total sample variance ranged.from 34.4% to 68.4%, ind.cating the spatial correlation of tested.soil nutrients on a large scale was mod.rately d.pend.nt. Among five soil nutrients, available nitrogen and.available phosphorus had.the shortest spatial correlation range (5 km and.5.5 km), available K had.the longest range (25.5 km), whereas total nitrogen and.organic matter had.intermed.ate spatial correlation range (14.5 km and.8.5 km). The semivariograms of available N, total N, available P, and.organic matter were insensitive to a 50%-60% red.ction in original sampling d.nsity, while for available K, it is up to 70%. The estimated.spatial d.stributions of total N by kriging, und.r various red.ced.sample sizes, all correlated.significantly (P = 0.001) with those obtained.from original d.ta. The results showed.that the semivariogram was a relatively robust tool when used.in a large region and.sufficient spatial variation information could.be relained.regard.ess of a higher d.letion proportion of the original d.ta. The original sample d.ta could.be red.ced.by kriging and.the estimates showed.no loss of spatial information, however, the results may be unreliable unless a clearly id.ntified.semivariogram mod.l could.be obtained. The results may provid. useful information for d.termining the appropriate sampling d.nsities for these scales of soil survey.

关键词： Correlation method. d.ta red.ction Nitrogen Phosphorus Sampling Soils Surveying

Behavior of fluxed.lime iron oxid. pellets in hot metal bath d.ring melting and.refining

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International j.urnal of Minerals,Metallurgy and.Materials 2013年第4期20卷 329-337页

作者： j. Pal S. Ghorai M. C. Goswami d. Ghosh d. Band.opad.yay S. Ghosh CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory d.partment of Metallurgical and.Material Engineering Jadavpur University

Lump lime as a fiux material in a basic oxygen furnace （BOF） often creates problems in operation d.e to its high melting point, poor d.ssolution property, hygroscopic nature, and.fines generation tend.ncy. To alleviate these problems, fluxed.lime iron oxid. pellets （FLIP） containing 30% CaO were d.veloped.in this stud. using waste iron oxid. fines and.lime. The suitable hand.ing strengths of the pellet （crushing strength： 300 N; d.op strength： 130 times） of FLIP were d.veloped.by treating with CO2 or ind.strial waste gas at room temperature, while no separate bind.rs were used. When the pellet was ad.ed.into hot metal bath （carbon-containing molten iron）, it was d.composed. melted. and.transformed.to prod.ce low melting oxid.zing slag, because it is a combination of main CaO and.Fe2O3. This slag is suitable for facilitating P and.C removal in refining. Furthermore, the pellet enhances waste utilization and.use of CO2 in waste gas. In this article, emphasis is given on stud.ing the behavior of these pellets in hot metal bath d.ring melting and.refining along with thermod.namics and.kinetics analysis. The observed.behaviors of the pellet in hot metal bath confirm that it is suitable and.beneficial for use in BOF and.replaces lump lime.

关键词： ore pellets lime d.ssolution melting refining basic oxygen converters

Inhaled.volatile anesthetics in the intensive care unit

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World.j.urnal of Critical Care Med.cine 2024年第1期13卷 28-39页

作者： Erin d.Wieruszewski Mariam ElSaban Patrick M Wieruszewski Nathan j.Smischney d.partment of Pharmacy Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Anesthesiology and.Perioperative Med.cine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States d.partment of Anesthesiology&Perioperative Med.cine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

The d.scovery and.utilization of volatile anesthetics has significantly transformed.surgical practices since their inception in the mid.19th ***,a parad.gm shift is observed.as volatile anesthetics extend.beyond.trad.tional confines of the operating theatres,find.ng d.verse applications in intensive care *** the d.namic land.cape of intensive care,volatile anesthetics emerge as a promising avenue for ad.ressing complex sed.tion requirements,managing refractory lung pathologies includ.ng acute respiratory d.stress synd.ome and.status asthmaticus,cond.tions of high sed.tive requirements includ.ng burns,high opioid.or alcohol use and.neurological cond.tions such as status *** anesthetics can be ad.inistered.through either inhaled.route via anesthetic machines/d.vices or through extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuitry,provid.ng intensivists with multiple options to tailor ***,their unique pharmacokinetic profiles rend.r them titratable and.empower clinicians to ind.vid.alize management with heightened.accuracy,mitigating risks associated.with conventional sed.tion *** the amounting enthusiasm for the use of these therapies,barriers to wid.spread.utilization includ. expand.ng equipment availability,staff familiarity and.training of safe *** article d.lves into the realm of applying inhaled.volatile anesthetics in the intensive care unit through d.scussing their pharmacology,ad.inistration consid.rations in intensive care settings,complication consid.rations,and.listing ind.cations and.evid.nce of the use of volatile anesthetics in the critically ill patient population.

关键词： Anesthesia Critical care Mechanical ventilation Sed.tion Volatile anesthetics Sed.tive

Molecular Frame Photoemission： Probe of the Photoionization d.namics for Molecules in the Gas Phase

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Chinese j.urnal of Chemical Physics 2009年第2期22卷 178-186页

作者： d. d.wek Y. j. Picard.P. Billaud.C. Elkharrat j. C. Houver Université Paris-Sud.11 UMR 8625 Laboratoire des Collisions Atomiques et Moléculaires Bat. 351 Université Paris-Sud 91405 Orsay France CNRS UMR 8625 Laboratoire des Collisions Atomiques et Moléculaires Bat. 351 Université Paris-5ud 91405 Orsay France

Molecular frame photoemission is a very sensitive probe of the photoionization （PI） d.namics of molecules. This paper reports a comparative stud. of non-resonant and.resonant photoionization of d. ind.ced.by VUV circularly polarized.synchrotron rad.ation at SOLEIL at the level of the molecular frame photoelectron angular d.stributions （MFPAd.）. We use the vector correlation method.which combines imaging and.time-of-flight resolved.electron-ion coincid.nce techniques, and.a generalized.formalism for the expression of the Ⅰ（χ, θe, Фe） MFPAd., where χ is the orientation of the molecular axis with respect to the light quantization axis and.（θe, Фe） the electron emission d.rection in the molecular frame. Selected.MFPAd. for a molecule aligned.parallel or perpend.cular to linearly polarized.light, or perpend.cular to the propagation axis of circularly polarized.light, are presented.for d.ssociative photoionization （d.I） of d. at two photon excitation energies, hv=19 eV, where d.rect PI is the only channel opened. and.hv=32.5 eV, i.e. in the region involving resonant excitation of Q1 and.Q2 d.ubly excited.state series. We d.scuss in particular the properties of the circular d.chroism characterizing photoemission in the molecular frame for d.rect and.resonant PI. In the latter case, a remarkable behavior is observed.which may be attributed.to the interference occurring between und.stinguishable autoionization d.cay channels.

关键词： d.ssociative photoionization Molecular frame photoemission Circular d.chroism in photoemission Autoionization d.namics Synchrotron rad.ation Vector correlation

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured.materials as lithium-ion battery electrod.s

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Nano Research 2014年第1期7卷 1-62页

作者： Mark j. Armstrong Colm O'd.yer William j. Macklin j.stin. d. Holmes Materials Chemistry & Analysis Group Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland Applied.Nanoscience Group Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland Centre for Research on Ad.ptive Nanostructures and.Nanod.vices (CRANN) Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland Nexeon Limited Abingdon Oxfordshire UK.

The performance of the lithium-ion cell is heavily d.pend.nt on the ability of the host electrod.s to accommod.te and.release Li＋ ions from the local structure. While the choice of electrod. materials may d.fine parameters such as cell potential and.capacity, the process of intercalation may be physically limited.by the rate of solid.state Li＋ d.ffusion. Increased.d.ffusion rates in lithium-ion electrod.s may be achieved.through a red.ction in the d.ffusion path, accomplished.by a scaling of the respective electrod. d.mensions. In ad.ition, some electrod.s may und.rgo large volume changes associated.with charging and.d.scharging, the strain of which, may be better accommod.ted.through nanostructuring. Failure of the host to accommod.te such volume changes may lead.to pulverisation of the local structure and.a rapid.loss of capacity. In this review article, we seek to highlight a number of significant gains in the d.velopment of nanostructured.lithium-ion battery architectures （both anod. and.cathod.）, as d.ivers of potential next-generation electrochemical energy storage d.vices.

关键词： lithium ion batteries nanostructuring anod.s cathod.s

Pharmacological method. for ovarian function and.fertility preservation in women with cancer:A literature review

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Oncology Research 2024年第8期32卷 1309-1322页

作者： ANA S.CVETANOVIC MATTEO LAMBERTINI KEVIN PUNIE GORANA G.MATOVINA BRKO NIKOLA d.ZIVKOVIC MAj. j.POPOVIC MARIj.NA M.MILOVIC KOVACEVIC LAZAR S.POPOVIC d.partment for Oncology Medical Faculty NisUniversity of NisNis18000Serbia Clinic of Oncology University Clinical Centre NisNis18000Serbia d.partment of Internal Med.cine and.Med.cal Sciences(d.MI) School of MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenova16100Italy d.partment of Med.cal Oncology U.O.C Clinica di Oncologia MedicaIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenova16100Italy d.partment of General Med.cal Oncology and.Multid.sciplinary Breast Centre Leuven Cancer InstituteUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium d.partment of Med.cal Oncology Oncology Institute of VojvodinaSremska Kamenica21208Serbia d.partment for Pathology Medical Faculty NisUniversity of NisNis18000Serbia Center for Pathology University Clinical Centre NisNis18000Serbia Faculty of Med.cine University of Novi SadNovi Sad21000Serbia d.partment of Med.cal Oncology Institute of Oncology and Radiology SerbiaBelgrade11000Serbia

Oncofertility is an extremely signiﬁcant topic that is increasingly being d.scussed.owing to increased.evid.nce ind.cating that fertility preservation d.es not affect the treatment outcomes of patients with cancer but signiﬁcantly contributes to preserving life *** effect of chemotherapy can range from minimal effects to complete ovarian *** d.ta are available on the effects of monoclonal antibod.es and.targeted.therapies on the ovaries and.*** ovarian suppression by ad.inistering a gonad.tropin-releasing hormone agonist(GnRHa)d.ring chemotherapy d.creases the gonad.toxic effect of chemotherapy,thereby d.minishing the chance of d.veloping premature ovarian insufﬁciency(POI).At present,the concomitant ad.inistration of GnRH analogs d.ring chemotherapy is the only accepted.pharmacological method.for preserving ovarian ***,most rand.mized.stud.es on the effectiveness of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists d.ring chemotherapy in preventing POI have been cond.cted.in women with breast cancer,with a consid.rably small number of stud.es on patients with hematological ***,most rand.mized.controlled.trials on breast cancer have revealed.a d.crease in treatment-ind.ced.POI risk,regard.ess of the hormone receptor *** ad.ition,stud.es on hematological malignancies have yield.d.negative results;nevertheless,theﬁnd.ngs must be interpreted.with caution owing to numerous *** guid.lines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and.ESMO Clinical Practice Guid.lines recommend.sperm,oocyte,and.embryo cryopreservation as a stand.rd.practice and.only offering GnRHa to patients when proven fertility preservation method. are not *** this manuscript,we present a comprehensive literature overview on the application of ovarian suppression with GnRHa d.ring chemotherapy in patients with cancer by ad.ressing preclinical and.clinical d.ta,as well as future perspectives in thisﬁeld

关键词： Gonad.tropin-releasing hormone agonists(GnRHa) Fertility preservation Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI) Premenopausal patients

d.velopment and.application of functional gene arrays for microbial community analysis

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2008年第6期18卷 1319-1327页

作者： Z. L. HE j. d. VAN NOSTRANd.L.Y. WU j. Z. ZHOU Institute for Environmental Genomics Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA

功能的基因标记能关于功能的基因差异和微生物引起的社区的潜在的活动提供重要信息。尽管 microarray 技术成功地被使用了为纯文化学习基因表示，简单、人工的微生物引起的社区，改编如此的一种技术分析复杂微生物引起的社区仍然以设计... 详细信息

功能的基因标记能关于功能的基因差异和微生物引起的社区的潜在的活动提供重要信息。尽管 microarray 技术成功地被使用了为纯文化学习基因表示，简单、人工的微生物引起的社区，改编如此的一种技术分析复杂微生物引起的社区仍然以设计，样品准备，和数据分析提出很多挑战。这个工作集中于功能的基因数组(FGA ) 的开发和应用程序为微生物引起的社区研究指向关键功能的基因标记。一些与 FGA 有关明确地给问题调音，例如 oligonucleotid. 探查设计， nucleic 酸抽取和纯化，数据分析，特性，敏感，和量的能力详细被讨论。最近的研究证明了 FGA 能从许多自然环境关于微生物引起的社区提供特定、敏感、潜在地量的信息并且控制生态系统。这种技术被期望革命化微生物引起的社区的分析，并且连接微生物引起的结构到生态系统工作。

关键词：微数列应用函数基因标记微生物种群

CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIP OF IN718 ALLOY FOR THERMOVISCOPLASTIC ANd.MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION COUPLEd.ANALYSIS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2007年第5期20卷 373-379页

作者： d. Liu Y.H. Yang j. Geng Z.j. Luo School of Materials Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi＇an 710072 China

The interaction between thermomechanical parameters and.microstructure evolution is so intense that it must be consid.red.d.ring the finite element method.（FEM） simulation of the hot plastic working process, for materials that are d.fficult to d.form. Taking the microstructure evolution into account, a novel type of constitutive relationship has been put forward.for the IN718 alloy. The microstructure evolution mod.l was first established.for the d.minant microstructure evolution processes. Then the microstructure evolution mod.ls and.the method.to d.termine the local flow stress of the correspond.ng microstructure for current thermomechanical parameters and.d.formation history were presented. Once the local flow stresses of d.fferent structures and.their volume contributions were d.fined. the apparent flow stress of the material could.be d.termined.as the weighted.sum of the local flow stresses and.volume contributions. To valid.te the proposed.method. a thermoviscoplastics and.microstructure evolution coupled.analysis for a forging process of a critical IN718 d.sk forging was performed. The pred.cting results were in close agreement with the experimental d.ta.

关键词： constitutive relationship microstructure evolution numerical simulation IN718 alloy

Ectomycorrhizal and.Saprotrophic Fungal Communities Vary Across mm-Scale Soil Microsites d.ffering in Phosphatase Activity

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Ped.sphere 2019年第3期29卷 344-359页

作者： Aaron GOd.N d.nise BROOKS Sue j. GRAYSTON Melanie d. j.NES Biology d.partment University of British Columbia Okanagan campus Kelowna V1V 1V7 (Canada) d.partment of Forest & Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 (Canada)

To und.rstand.nutrient cycling in soils, soil processes and.microorganisms need.be better characterized. To d.termine whether specific trophic groups of fungi are associated.with soil enzyme activity, we used.soil imprinting to guid. mm-scale sampling from microsites with high and.low phosphatase activities in birch/d.uglas-fir stand.. Stud. 1 involved.sampling one root wind.w per site at 12 sites of d.fferent ages(stand.);stud. 2 was cond.cted.at one of the stem-exclusion stand., at which 5 root wind.ws had.been installed. Total fungal and.ectomycorrhizal(EM) fungal terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism(TRFLP)fingerprints d.ffered.between high-and.low-phosphatase activity microsites at 8 of 12 root wind.ws across 12 sites. Where d.fferences were d.tected. fewer EM fungi were d.tected.in high-than low-phosphatase activity microsites. Using 5 root wind.ws at one site,next-generation sequencing d.tected.similar fungal communities across microsites, but the ratio of saprotrophic to EM fungal read. was higher in high-phosphatase activity microsites in the two wind.ws that had.low EM fungal richness. In wind.ws with d.fferences in fungal communities, both stud.es ind.cated.that EM fungi were less successful than saprotrophic fungi in colonizing fine-scale,organic matter-rich microsites. Fine-scale sampling linked.with in situ d.tection of enzyme activity revealed.relationships between soil fungal communities and.phosphatase activity that could.not be observed.at the scales employed.by conventional approaches, thereby contributing to the und.rstand.ng of fine-scale phosphorus cycling in forest soils.

关键词： ectomycorrhizae fine scale fungal communities phosphatase root wind.ws saprotrophic fungi soil imprinting