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Airborne laser scanning of natural forests in New Zealand reveals the influences of wind on forest carbon

Forest Ecosystems 2018年第2期5卷 126-139页

作者： David A. Coomes Daniel Safka James Shepherd michele Dalponte Robert Holdaway Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Downing Street CB2 3EA Cambridge UK Landcare Research Riddet Rd Massey University Palmerston North 4474 Palmerston North New Zealand Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Reserch and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Math via E. Math 138010 San Michele all'Adige (TN) Italy Landcare Research 54 Gerald Street Lincoln 7608 Lincoln New Zealand.

Background： Forests are a key component of the global carbon cycle, and research is needed into the effects of human-driven and natural processes on their carbon pools. Airborne laser scanning （ALS） produces detailed 3D maps of forest canopy structure from which aboveground carbon density can be estimated. Working with a ALS dataset collected over the 8049-km2 Wellington Region of New Zealand we create maps of indigenous forest carbon and evaluate the influence of wind by examining how carbon storage varies with aspect. Storms flowing from the west are a common cause of disturbance in this region, and we hypothesised that west-facing forests exposed to these winds would be shorter than those in sheltered east-facing sites. Methods： The aboveground carbon density of 31 forest inventory plots located within the ALS survey region were used to develop estimation models relating carbon density to ALS information. Power-law models using rasters of top-of-the-canopy height were compared with models using tree-level information extracted from the ALS dataset. A forest carbon map with spatial resolution of 25 m was generated from ALS maps of forest height and the estimation models. The map was used to evaluate the influences of wind on forests. Results： Power-law models were slightly less accurate than tree-centric models （RMSE 35% vs 32%） but were selected for map generation for computational efficiency. The carbon map comprised 4.5 million natural forest pixels within which canopy height had been measured by ALS, providing an unprecedented dataset with which to examine drivers of carbon density. Forests facing in the direction of westerly storms stored less carbon, as hypothesised. They had much greater above-ground carbon density for a given height than any of 14 tropical forests previously analysed by the same approach, and had exceptionally high basal areas for their height. We speculate that strong winds have kept forests short without impeding basal area growth. Concl

关键词： Forest LiDAR Airborne laser scanning Remote sensing Carbon Climate change Cyclone Wind New Zealand LUCAS

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Glutamine transporters as pharmacological targets: From function to drug design

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020年第2期15卷 207-219页

作者： Mariafrancesca Scalise Lorena Pochini michele Galluccio Lara Console Cesare Indiveri Department of DiBEST(Biologia Ecologia e Scienze della Terra)University of CalabriaArcavacata di Rende(CS)87036Italy

Among the different targets of administered drugs,there are membrane transporters that play also a role in drug delivery and ***,drug-transporter interactions are responsible for off-target effects of drugs underlying their *** improvement of the drug design process is subjected to the identification of those membrane transporters mostly relevant for drug absorption,delivery and side effect production.A peculiar group of proteins with great relevance to pharmacology is constituted by the membrane transporters responsible for managing glutamine traffic in different body *** interest around glutamine metabolism lies in its physio-pathological role;glutamine is considered a conditionally essential amino acid because highly proliferative cells have an increased request of glutamine that cannot be satisfied only by endogenous ***,glutamine transporters provide cells with this special *** the glutamine transporters,SLC1A5,SLC6A14,SLC6A19,SLC7A5,SLC7A8 and some members of SLC38 family are the best characterized,so far,in both physiological and pathological *** 3D structures have been solved by CryoEM;other structural data on these transporters have been obtained by computational *** with drugs have been described for several transporters of this *** some of them,the studies are at an advanced stage,for others,the studies are still in nuce and novel biochemical findings open intriguing perspectives.

关键词： Glutamine transporters Drug delivery Pharmacokinetics Screening Proteoliposome

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Neoadjuvant therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第12期9卷 457-465页

作者： Sheikh Hasibur Rahman Robin Urquhart michele Molinari Department of Surgery Dalhousie University Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

The use of neoadjuvant therapies has played a major role for borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancers(PCs). For this group of patients, preoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiation has increased the likelihood of surgery with negative resection margins and overall survival. On the other hand, for patients with resectable PC, the main rationale for neoadjuvant therapy is that the overall survival with current strategies is unsatisfactory. There is a consensus that we need new treatments to improve the overall survival and quality of life of patients with PC. However, without strong scientific evidence supporting the theoretical advantages of neoadjuvant therapies, these potential benefits might turn out not to be worth the risk of tumors progression while waiting for surgery. The focus of this paper is to provide the readers an overview of the most recent evidence on this subject.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy Meta-analysis Decision analysis Borderline resectable Locally advanced Randomized controlled trial Phase I trial Phase II trial Phase III trial

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Pathophysiology, epidemiology, classification and treatment options for polycystic liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第35期19卷 5775-5786页

作者： Bassam Abu-Wasel Caolan Walsh Valerie Keough michele Molinari Department of Surgery Dalhousie University Department of Radiolgoy Dalhousie University Department of Surgery and Community Health and Epidemiology Dalhousie University

Polycystic liver diseases(PLD)represent a group of genetic disorders in which cysts occur in the liver(autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease)or in combination with cysts in the kidneys(autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease).Regardless of the genetic mutations,the natural history of these disorders is *** natural history of PLD is characterized by a continuous increase in the volume and the number of *** genders are affected;however,women have a higher *** patients with PLD are asymptomatic and can be managed *** symptoms can affect 20%of patients who develop massive hepatomegaly with compression of the surrounding ***,patients with PLD suffer from acutecomplications caused by the torsion of hepatic cysts,intraluminal cystic hemorrhage and *** most common methods for the diagnosis of PLD are cross sectional imaging *** ultrasound and computerized tomography are the two most frequently used *** resonance imaging is more sensitive and specific,and it is a valuable test for patients with intravenous contrast allergies or renal *** treatment modalities are available to physicians caring for these *** treatment has been *** sclerotherapy,transarterial embolization,cyst fenestration,hepatic resection and liver transplantation are indicated to specific groups of patients and have to be tailored according to the extent of *** review outlines the current knowledge of the pathophysiology,clinical course,diagnosis and treatment strategies of PLD.

关键词： Polycystic liver disease Hepatic Epidemiolgy Classification Therapy Genetic

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Impact of chronic kidney disease on mortality in older adults treated with pacemaker implantation

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第10期14卷 597-603页

作者： Fabio Fabbian Alfredo De Giorgi Matteo Guarino michele Malagu Matteo Bertini Department of Medical Sciences Clinical Medical Unit University Hospital St. Anna University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy Department of Medical Sciences Cardiology Unit University Hospital St. Anna University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy

Objective To investigate whether chronic kidney disease could negatively impact survival in older adults needing pacemaker implantation after admission for bradyarrhythmias. Methods This retrospective observational study considered 538 older adults consecutively admitted, who had been followed-up for 31 ± 20 months. Subjects with poor short-term prognosis were excluded. Charlson comorbidity index （CCI） and estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） was calculated, along with the independent relationship between all-cause mortality and clinical data. Hazard Ratio （HR） was calculated by Cox regression analysis. Results Mean age of the population was 85 ± 3.7 years, and causes for implantation were atrioventricular block in 51.9% and other bradyarrhythmias in 48.1% of cases. Mean eGFR was 58.3 ± 24 mL/min per 1.73 m2, and mean CCI was 3.65 ± 2.28. Death for all-causes was recorded in 213 subjects. Deceased patients were older, had lower eGFR, higher comorbidity, higher prevalence of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, dementia and chronic pulmonary disease. Age （HR： 1.081, 95% CI： 1.044-1.119; P 〈 001）, CCI （HR： 1.651, 95% CI： 1.286-2.121, P 〈 001） and eGFR 〈 45 mL/min per 1.73 m2 （HR： 1.360, 95% CI： 1.024-1.806; P = 0.033） were predictors of death. Conclusions Renal dysftmction, as well as comorbidity, impacts negatively survival of older adults treated with pacemaker implantation because of bradyarrhythmias.

关键词： Bradyarrhythmias Charlson comorbidity index Chronic kidney disease Comorbidity Glomerular filtration rate Mortality Pacemaker

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Pharmacological evaluation of NSAID-induced gastropathy as a “Translatable” model of referred visceral sensitivity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第33期23卷 6065-6076页

作者： michele Hummel Terri Knappenberger Meghan Reilly Garth T Whiteside Purdue Pharma L.P. Discovery Research

AIM To evaluate whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)-induced gastropathy is a clinically predictive model of referred visceral *** Gastric ulcer pain was induced by the oral administration of indomethacin to male,CD1 mice(n = 10/group) and then assessed by measuring referred abdominal hypersensitivity to tactile application. A diverse range of pharmacological mechanisms contributing to the pain were subsequently investigated. These mechanisms included: transient receptor potential(TRP),sodium and acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs) as well as opioid receptors and guanylate cyclase C(GC-C). RESULTS Results showed that two opioids and a GC-C agonist,morphine,asimadoline and linaclotide,respectively,the TRP antagonists,AMG9810 and HC-030031 and the sodium channel blocker,carbamazepine,elicited a dose-and/or time-dependent attenuation of referred visceral hypersensitivity,while the ASIC blocker,amiloride,was ineffective at all doses tested. CONCLUSION Together,these findings implicate opioid receptors,GC-C,and sodium and TRP channel activation as possible mechanisms associated with visceral hypersensitivity. More importantly,these findings also validate NSAID-induced gastropathy as a sensitive and clinically predictive mouse model suitable for assessing novel molecules with potential pain-attenuating properties.

关键词： Visceral hypersensitivity Pain Translation Guanylate cyclase C Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Transient receptor potential channel

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Optimization of wavelength range and data interval in chemometric analysis of complex pharmaceutical mixtures

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第1期6卷 64-69页

作者： michele De Luca Giuseppina Ioele Claudia Spatari Gaetano Ragno Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Calabria

The performance of different chemometric approaches was evaluated in the spectrophotometric determination of pharmaceutical mixtures characterized by having the amount of components with a very high ratio. Principal component regression （PCR）, partial least squares with one dependent variable （PLS1） or multi-dependent variables （PLS2）, and multivariate curve resolution （MCR） were applied to the spectral data of a ternary mixture containing paracetamol, sodium ascorbate and chlorpheniramine （150：140：1, m/m/m）, and a quaternary mixture containing paracetamol, caffeine, phenylephrine and chlorpheniramine （125：6. 25：1.25：1, m/m/m/m）. The UV spectra of the calibration samples in the range of 200-320 nm were pre-treated by removing noise and useless data, and the wavelength regions having the most useful analytical information were selected using the regression coefficients calculated in the multivariate modeling. All the defined chemometric models were validated on external sample sets and then applied to commercial pharmaceutical formulations. Different data intervals, fixed at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 point/nm, were tested to optimize the prediction ability of the models. The best results were obtained using the PLSlcalibration models and the quantification of the species of a lower amount was sig- nificantly improved by adopting 0.5 data interval, which showed accuracy between 94.24% and 107.76%.

关键词： Chemometrics'Spectrophotometry'Principal component analysis'Partial least squares'Multivariate curve resolution

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Immune response in COVID-19:addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 1759-1768页

作者： michele Catanzaro Francesca Fagiani Marco Racchi Emanuela Corsini Stefano Govoni Cristina Lanni Department of Drug Sciences(Pharmacology Section) University of PaviaV.le Taramelli 1427100 PaviaItaly Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia P.zza Vittoria1527100 PaviaItaly Laboratory of Toxicology Department of Environmental and Political SciencesUniversitàDegli Studi di MilanoVia Balzaretti 920133 MilanoItaly

To date,no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19 and the current standard care relies on supportive ***,based on the fast and global spread of the virus,urgent investigations are warranted in order to develop preventive and therapeutic *** this regard,treatments addressing the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection have become a major ***,while a rapid and well-coordinated immune response represents the first line of defense against viral infection,excessive inflammatory innate response and impaired adaptive host immune defense may lead to tissue damage both at the site of virus entry and at systemic *** studies highlight relevant changes occurring both in innate and adaptive immune system in COVID-19 *** particular,the massive cytokine and chemokine release,the so-called“cytokine storm”,clearly reflects a widespread uncontrolled dysregulation of the host immune *** the prospective of counteracting cytokine storm is compelling,a major limitation relies on the limited understanding of the immune signaling pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 *** identification of signaling pathways altered during viral infections may help to unravel the most relevant molecular cascades implicated in biological processes mediating viral infections and to unveil key molecular players that may be ***,given the key role of the immune system in COVID-19,a deeper understanding of the mechanism behind the immune dysregulation might give us clues for the clinical management of the severe cases and for preventing the transition from mild to severe stages.

关键词： drugs impaired storm

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Mitochondrial dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases:role in disease pathogenesis,strategies for analysis and therapeutic prospects

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 754-758页

作者： Federica Rey Sara Ottolenghi Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti michele Samaja Stephana Carelli Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences“L.Sacco” University of MilanMilanoItaly Paediatric Clinical Research Centre Fondazione“Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi” University of MilanoMilanoItaly Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Health SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanoItaly Department of Paediatrics Children’s Hospital“V.Buzzi”MilanoItaly

Fundamental organelles that occur in every cell type with the exception of mammal erythrocytes,the mitochondria are required for multiple pivotal processes that include the production of biological energy,the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species,the control of calcium homeostasis,and the triggering of cell *** disruption of anyone of these processes has been shown to impact strongly the function of all cells,but especially of *** this review,we discuss the role of the mitochondria impairment in the development of the neurodegenerative diseases Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's *** highlight how mitochondria disruption revolves around the processes that underlie the mitochondria's life cycle:fusion,fission,production of reactive oxygen species and energy *** genetic and sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases are unavoidably accompanied with and often caused by the dysfunction in one or more of the key mitochondrial ***,in order to get in depth insights into their health status in neurodegenerative diseases,we need to focus into innovative strategies aimed at characterizing the various mitochondrial *** techniques include Mitostress,Mitotracker,transmission electron microscopy,oxidative stress assays along with expression measurement of the proteins that maintain the mitochondrial *** will also discuss a panel of approaches aimed at mitigating the mitochondrial *** include canonical drugs,natural compounds,supplements,lifestyle interventions and innovative approaches as mitochondria transplantation and gene *** conclusion,because mitochondria are fundamental organelles necessary for virtually all the cell functions and are severely impaired in neurodegenerative diseases,it is critical to develop novel methods to measure the mitochondrial state,and novel therapeutic strategies aimed at improving their health.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mitochondria mitochondria modulation mitochondrial dysfunction mitochondrial health Mitostress Mitotracker neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's disease

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Animal models of vascularized nerve grafts:a systematic review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2615-2618页

作者： Francesca Toia Daniele Matta Federico De michele Roberto Pirrello Adriana Cordova Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences.University of PalermoPalermoItaly

The aim of this review is to present and compare the various animal models of vascularized nerve grafts described in the literature as well as to summarize preclinical evidence for superior functional results compared to non-vascularized free nerve grafts. We also will present the state of the art on prefabricated vascularized nerve grafts. A systematic literature review on vascularized nerve graft models was conducted via the retrieval with the Pub Med database on March 30, 2019. Data on the animal, nerve, and vascularization model, the recipient bed, the evaluation time points and methods, and the results of the study results were extracted and analyzed from selected articles. The rat sciatic nerve was the most popular model for vascularized nerve grafts, followed by the rabbit;however, rabbit models allow for longer nerve grafts, which are suitable for translational evaluation, and produced more cautious results on the superiority of vascularized nerve grafts. Compared to free nerve grafts, vascularized nerve grafts have better early but similar long-term results, especially in an avascular bed. There are few studies on avascular receiving beds and prefabricated nerve grafts. The clinical translation potential of available animal models is limited, and current experimental knowledge cannot fully support that the differences between vascularized nerve grafts and free nerve grafts yield a clinical advantage that justifies the complexity of the procedure.

关键词： nerve animal models nerve grafts nerve regeneration peripheral nerves prefabricated vascularized nerve grafts vascularized nerve grafts

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