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Small-Scale Mineralogical heterogeneity from Variations in Phase Assemblages in the Transition Zone and D" Layer Predicted by Convection Modelling

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 160-168页

作者： Arie P van den Berg David A Yuen michael h g jacobs Maarten V de hoop Earth Sciences Department Utrecht University Department of geology and geophysics and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55415USA Institut für Metallurgie TU ClausthalClausthal-ZellerfeldGermany Department of Mathematics and Center of Applied and Computational Mathematics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA

Small-scale heterogeneity in the deep mantle is concentrated in the upper-mantle transition zone （TZ）, in the depth range 410-660 km and also at the bottom 250 km D＂ region. This encourages a more detailed investigation of the potential for seismic reflectivity imaging by modelling heterogeneous structures in mantle convection models including phase transitions of the TZ and D＂ regions. We applied finite elements with variable spacing near the boundary layers in 2-D cylindrical geometry that allow for sufficient spatial resolution. We investigated several models including an extended Boussinesq （EBA） model, focused on the D＂ region, and a compressible （ALA） model for the TZ region. The results for the D＂ region show typical lens-shaped structures of post-perovskite （PPV） embedded in the perovskite （PV） background mantle, where the thickness of the lenses, at 200-400 km, strongly depends on the Clapeyron slope of the PV-PPV transition. A second phase transition （double crossing） occurs in case the core temperature is higher than the intercept temperature Ti. Our phase-dependent rheology results in contrasting effective viscosity between PV and PPV. Our model results reveal a distinctly clear mechanical weakening of the PPV lenses with about an order of magnitude lower viscosity. The shear wave-speed distributions computed from our convection results are strongly correlated with the heterogeneous distribution of the mineral phase. gradients in the seismic wave-speed that are the target of seismological reflectivity imaging are clearly revealed. The wave-speed results show a clear resolution of the top and bottom interfaces of the PPV lenses. Our ALA model for the TZ is based on a thermodynamical model for the magnesium end- member of an olivine-pyroxene mantle. The model predicts a much more complex distribution of mineral phases, compared to our D＂ results, in agreement with the greater number of mineral phases involved in the olivine-pyroxene phase diagram for the P, T conditions of the transition zone. Near cold

关键词： mantle convection phase transition post-perovskite mineralogical heterogeneity.

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Reflections on four decades of physical activity epidemiology

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第5期13卷 608-610页

作者： Barbara Sternfeld David R.jacobs Jr. Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCA 94610USA Division of Epidemiology and Community health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

In 1985,Public health Reports published a series of papers prepared for a workshop sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC).1 Building on the seminal work of Jeremy Morris and Ralph Paffenbarger Jr.,who were among the first to use epidemiological methods to study physical activity(PA),2,3 the workshop itself was the result of a growing scientific understanding of the importance of“physical fitness and exercise for improving the health of the public”.

关键词： semi workshop Ralph

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Bayesian inference-based wear prediction method for plain bearings under stationary mixed-friction conditions

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1272-1282页

作者： Florian KÖNIg Florian WIRSINg georg jacobs Rui hE Zhigang TIAN Ming J.ZUO Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G1H9Canada Qingdao International Academician Park Research Institute Qingdao 266000China

This study introduces a method to predict the remaining useful life(RUL)of plain bearings operating under stationary,wear-critical conditions.In this method,the transient wear data of a coupled elastohydrodynamic lubrication(mixed-EhL)and wear simulation approach is used to parametrize a statistical,linear degradation model.The method incorporates Bayesian inference to update the linear degradation model throughout the runtime and thereby consider the transient,system-dependent wear progression within the RUL prediction.A case study is used to show the suitability of the proposed method.The results show that the method can be applied to three distinct types of post-wearing-in behavior:wearing-in with subsequent hydrodynamic,stationary wear,and progressive wear operation.While hydrodynamic operation leads to an infinite lifetime,the method is successfully applied to predict RUL in cases with stationary and progressive wear.

关键词： plain bearings wear modeling remaining useful life prediction Bayesian inference

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A brief history of the Compendium of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth Stephen D.herrmann David R.jacobs Jr. Melicia C.Whitt-glover Catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China College of health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Epidemiology and Community health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA gramercy Research group KnightdaleNC 27545USA College of health and human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(ChD)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

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2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke Melicia C.Whitt-glover David R. jacobs Jr. Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of health and human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA gramercy Research group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and Community health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major heading(Video games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise MET Physical Activities

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CD4^(+)T cells produce IFN-I to license cDC1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity in human tumors

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin Lei Daniël C.de groot Marij J.P.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Schrama hans van Eenennaam Saskia J.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen Joris L.Vos Charlotte L.Zuur Noel F.C.C.de Miranda heinz jacobs Sjoerd h.van der Burg Jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical Oncology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology Leiden University Medical Center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

CD4^(+)T cells can"help"or"license" conventional type 1 dendritic cells(cDC1s)to induce CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)anticancer responses,as proven in mouse models.We recently identified cDC1s with a transcriptomic imprint of CD4^(+)T-cell help,specifically in T-cell-infiltrated human cancers,and these cells were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting immunotherapy.here,we delineate the mechanism of cDC1 licensing by CD4^(+)T cells in humans.Activated CD4^(+)T cells produce IFNβvia the STINg pathway,which promotes MhC-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDC1s and thereby improves their ability to induce CTL anticancer responses.In cooperation with CD40 ligand(L),IFNβalso optimizes the costimulatory and other functions of cDC1s required for CTL response induction.IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells are present in diverse T-cell-infiltrated cancers and likely deliver“help”signals to CTLs locally,according to their transcriptomic profile and colocalization with“helped/licensed”cDCs and tumor-reactive CD8^(+)T cells.In agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells in the TME is associated with overall survival and the response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in cancer patients.

关键词： CD4^(+)T-cell help cDC1 licensing IFN-I signaling CD40 costimulation (cross-)presentation CTL priming Tumor control

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Long-term impact of artificial intelligence on colorectal adenoma detection in high-risk colonoscopy

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World Journal of gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第6期16卷 335-342页

作者： Kenneth W Chow Matthew T Bell Nicholas Cumpian Maryanne Amour Ryan h hsu Viktor E Eysselein Neetika Srivastava michael W Fleischman Sofiya Reicher Department of Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States Department of Bioengineering Jacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093United States Department of gastroenterology Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States

BACKgROUND Improved adenoma detection rate(ADR)has been demonstrated with artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted colonoscopy.however,data on the real-world appli-cation of AI and its effect on colorectal cancer(CRC)screening outcomes is limited.AIM To analyze the long-term impact of AI on a diverse at-risk patient population undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy for positive CRC screening tests or sympt-oms.METhODS AI software(gI genius,Medtronic)was implemented into the standard proced-ure protocol in November 2022.Data was collected on patient demographics,procedure indication,polyp size,location,and pathology.CRC screening outcomes were evaluated before and at different intervals after AI introduction with one year of follow-up.RESULTS We evaluated 1008 colonoscopies(278 pre-AI,255 early post-AI,285 established post-AI,and 190 late post-AI).The ADR was 38.1%pre-AI,42.0%early post-AI(P=0.77),40.0%established post-AI(P=0.44),and 39.5%late post-AI(P=0.77).There were no significant differences in polyp detection rate(PDR,baseline 59.7%),advanced ADR(baseline 16.2%),and non-neoplastic PDR(baseline 30.0%)before and after AI introduction.CONCLUSION In patients with an increased pre-test probability of having an abnormal colonoscopy,the current generation of AI did not yield enhanced CRC screening metrics over high-quality colonoscopy.Although the potential of AI in colonoscopy is undisputed,current AI technology may not universally elevate screening metrics across all situations and patient populations.Future studies that analyze different AI systems across various patient populations are needed to determine the most effective role of AI in optimizing CRC screening in clinical practice.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Colonoscopy Adenoma detection rate Screening Colorectal adenoma

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The emerging applications of pillararene architectures in supramolecular catalysis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第1期33卷 89-96页

作者： Kaiya Wang Xueqi Tian jacobs h.Jordan Krishnasamy Velmurugan Leyong Wang Xiao-Yu hu College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China The Southern Regional Research Center Agricultural Research ServiceUSDANew OrleansLA 70124United States Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Over the last decade,numerous research efforts have been devoted to pillar[n]arenes since their debut.The popularity of pillararenes is a reflection of current research trend in supramolecular and macrocyclic chemistry in general.Among the vast applications(such as chemosensors,drug delivery,transmembrance channels,and separation)of pillararenes,their utilization in catalysis is a relatively less explored area.however,soaring attention has been paid by researchers in recent years and this field has seen gradual increasing publications.Therefore,in this review we will discuss progress in the emerging applications of pillararene architectures in catalysis based on various reaction genre including reduction,oxidation,coupling,decomposition and others.Furthermore,this review not only focuses on the pillararenes based current progress in catalysis,but also provides the signs for future development in this research field.

关键词： Supramolecular catalysis host–guest chemistry Macrocycles Pillararene Self-assembly

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The Role of RNA Structure in Posttranscriptional Regulation of gene Expression

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Journal of genetics and genomics 2012年第10期39卷 535-543页

作者： Elina jacobs James D.Mills michael Janitz College of Science and Engineering University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3JRUnited Kingdom School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences University of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia

As more information is gathered on the mechanisms of transcription and translation, it is becoming apparent that these processes are highly regulated. The formation of mRNA secondary and tertiary structures is one such regulatory process that until recently it has not been analysed in depth. Formation of these mRNA structures has the potential to enhance and inhibit alternative splicing of transcripts, and regulate rates and amount of translation. As this regulatory mechanism potentially impacts at both the transcriptional and translational level, while also potentially utilising the vast array of non-coding RNAs, it warrants further investigation. Currently, a variety of high- throughput sequencing techniques including parallel analysis of RNA structure （PARS）, fragmentation sequencing （FragSeq） and selective 2-hydroxyl acylation analysed by primer extension （ShAPE） lead the way in the genome-wide identification and analysis of mRNA structure formation. These new sequencing techniques highlight the diversity and complexity of the transcriptome, and demonstrate another regulatory mechanism that could become a target for new therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Transcriptome mRNA structure Parallel analysis of RNA structure Fragmentation sequencing PARS FragSeq ShAPE-Seq

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The measurement of proprioceptive accuracy:A systematic literature review

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2023年第2期12卷 219-225页

作者： Àron horváth Eszter Ferentzi Kristóf Schwartz Nina jacobs Pieter Meyns Ferenc Köteles Doctoral School of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityKazinczy street 23-27Budapest 1075Hungary Institute of health Promotion and Sport Sciences ELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityPrielle Kornélia Street 47-49Budapest 1117Hungary Rehabilitation Research(REVAL) Faculty of Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of HasseltMartelarenlaan 42Hasselt 3500Belgium

Background:Proprioceptive accuracy refers to the individual’s ability to perceive proprioceptive information,that is,the information referring to the actual state of the locomotor system,which originates from mechanoreceptors located in various parts of the locomotor system and from tactile receptors located in the skin.Proprioceptive accuracy appears to be an important aspect in the evaluation of sensorimotor functioning;however,no widely accepted standard assessment exists.In this systematic review,our goal was to identify and categorize different methods that are used to assess different aspects of proprioceptive accuracy.Methods:A literature search was conducted in 5 different databases(PubMed,SPORTDiscus,PsycINFO,ScienceDirect,and SpringerLink).Results:Overall,1139 scientific papers reporting 1346 methods were included in this review.The methods assess 8 different aspects of proprioception:(a)the perception of joint position,(b)movement and movement extent,(c)trajectory,(d)velocity,and the sense of(e)force,(f)muscle tension,(g)weight,and(h)size.They apply various paradigms of psychophysics(i.e.,the method of adjustment,constant stimuli,and limits).Conclusion:As the outcomes of different tasks with respect to various body parts show no associations(i.e.,proprioceptive accuracy is characterized by site-specificity and method-specificity),the appropriate measurement method for the task needs to be chosen based on theoretical considerations and/or ecological validity.

关键词： Assessment Kinesthesia Motor control Proprioception Proprioceptive accuracy

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