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Electricity: Past and Future or Black Holes and Green Planet

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Engineering（科研） 2024年第1期16卷 32-37页

作者： michael Bank department of Computer Science Jerusalem College of Engineering Jerusalem Israel

“Something is rotten in the state of denmark”. These words of Shakespeare remember us that any small case can be connected with wider situation in the Globe. We would like to understand how changes electrical systems in time and what we will get in future. But what we know today about our home? Prominent scientists - physicists connect the past and future of our world with the formation and changes of black holes. “A black hole is a region of space-time whose gravitational attraction is so strong that even objects moving at the speed of light cannot leave it.” “A super massive black hole is a black hole with a mass of 105 - 1011 solar masses. Super massive black holes have been found at the center of many galaxies, including the Milky Way. Our galaxy revolves around a super massive black hole. This position of stellar bodies should be preserved for hundreds of millions of years.”

关键词： Gordon Holmes Syndrome Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism Cerebellar Ataxia Neuroendocrine disorder

Contribution to the Knowledge of the Afrotropical Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae): A New Genus in the Tribe Nomophilini Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov 1979 Based on Morphology and dNA Barcoding

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第3期12卷 155-169页

作者： michael Seizmair department of Entomology Section Lepidoptera SNSB Bavarian State Collection of Zoology Munich Munich Germany

The new genus Parathrausta gen.n. in the subfamily Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) is erected based on a series of specimens collected in the Afrotropical region of Saudi Arabia. The new genus is monotypical, with Parathrausta internervalis sp.n. its type species. The adults of the type species, the male genitalia, the female genitalia and the tympanal organs are described and figured. The new genus is recognized as related by characters in the male and female genitalia with genera in the tribes Steniini Guine, 1854 and Nomophilini Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov, 1979, namely with Bradina Lederer, 1863, Perisyntrocha Meyrick, 1894, diathrausta Lederer, 1863, diasemiopsis Munroe, 1957, diasemiodes Munroe, 1957 and with the genera in the duponchelia Zeller, 1847 group comprising duponchelia Zeller, 1847, Penestola Mschler, 1890, Tatobotys Butler, 1880 and Hymenoptychis Zeller, 1852. The character states differentiating the new genus from the comparative genera are discussed. Potential autapomorphies of the new genus are listed. The tribal assignment of the new genus to the Nomophilini Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov, 1979 based on morphological characters is discussed. The support of the tribal and cladistic assignment of the new genus as a sister clade to diathrausta Lederer, 1863 based phylogenetic analyses (NJ, MP and ML) is shown. An unusually strong genetic divergence of the genus in the COI segment of the mt-dNA based on the Tamura-Nei distance measure from the morphologically related genera is recognized and addressed.

关键词： Pyraloidea Taxonomy Morphology COI New Genus New Species Arabian Peninsula

Genetic diversity of food-medicinal Lycium *** China:Insights from chloroplast genome

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第3期16卷 401-411页

作者： Ruyu Yao Bin Wang michael Heinrich Qiuling Wang Peigen Xiao Institute of Medicinal Plant development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and development of Southern Medicine Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeHaikou 570311China Research Group‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’ UCL School of PharmacyUniversity of LondonLondon WC1N1AXUnited Kingdom Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China

Objective:Goji(fruits of Lycium spp.)is commonly consumed as food and *** increasing market demand for goji has led to its wide cultivation and broad breeding,which might cause loss of genetic *** study aims to uncover the genetic diversity of the cultivated and wild ***:The chloroplast genome(CPG)of 34 accessions of Chinese food-medicinal Lycium spp.,including the popular cultivars and their wild relatives,was re-sequenced and assembled,based on which the genetic diversity was ***:Sequence structural comparison shows that CPG is comparatively conserved within *** analysis indicates that CPG is sufficient for the discrimination of Lycium species;combined with nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(Nr ITS)sequences,materials with mixed genetic backgrounds can be *** diversity analysis reveals that the modern cultivars are probably with a common maternal parent,while the wild accessions are with higher level of genetic ***:For the first time this study reveals the intraspecies genetic diversity of Lycium *** CPG,highlighting the urgent conservation demand of wild genetic resources of *** study also demonstrates that CPG provides crucial evidence for identification of Lycium species with mixed genetic backgrounds and highlights the importance of the wild relatives in genetic diversity *** CPG-based technology will contribute to the sustainable development of medicinal plants broadly.

关键词： chloroplast genome cultivar food-medicine genetic diversity goji wild relative

Going deep:Roots,carbon,and analyzing subsoil carbon dynamics

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 1-3页

作者： Ezhilmathi Angela Joseph Fernando michael Selvaraj Yusaku Uga Wolfgang Busch Hunt Bowers Joe Tohme Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT Km 17 Recta Cali-PalmiraAprtado Aereo 6713Cali 763537Colombia National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences(NIAS) TsukubaIbaraki 305-0856Japan Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA Earth Optics Suite 840ArlingtonVA 22202USA

Agricultural practices currently contribute to the emission of approximately 10%–12%atmospheric greenhouse gasses,with tillage agriculture accelerating soil disruption and carbon dioxide ***,various options exist,such as converting new lands for agriculture,promoting healthier plant-based diets,adopting advanced management technologies,and minimizing food ***,these measures alone are insufficient to ensure environmental sustainability within planetary boundaries.

关键词： soil measures carbon

Medical artificial intelligence and the black box problem:a view based on the ethical principle of“do no harm”

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 52-57页

作者： Hanhui Xu Kyle michael James Shuttleworth School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China department of Global Connectivity Akita International UniversityOkutsubakidai-193-2 YuwatsubakigawaAkita010-1211Japan

One concern about the application of medical artificial intelligence(AI)regards the“black box”feature which can only be viewed in terms of itsinputs and outputs,with no way to understand the AI’s *** problematic because patients,physicians,and even designers,do not understand why or how a treatment recommendation is produced by AI *** view claims that the worry about black-box medicine is unreasonable because AI systems outperform human doctors in identifying the ***,under the medical AI-physicianpatient model,the physician can undertake the responsibility of interpreting the medical AI’s *** this study,we focus on the potential harm caused by the unexplainability feature of medical AI and try to show that such possible harm is *** will seek to contribute to the literature from three ***,we appealed to a thought experiment to show that although the medical AI systems perform better on accuracy,the harm caused by medical AI’s misdiagnoses may be more serious than that caused by human doctors’misdiagnoses in some ***,in patient-centered medicine,physicians were obligated to provide adequate information to their patients in medical ***,the unexplainability feature of medical AI systems would limit the patient’s ***,we tried to illustrate the psychological and financial burdens that may be caused by the unexplainablity feature of medical AI systems,which seems to be ignored by the previous ethical discussions.

关键词： Medical artificial intelligence Black box problem do no harm Paternalism

diabetic cardiomyopathy:Importance of direct evidence to support the roles of NOd-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and pyroptosis

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World Journal of diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1659-1662页

作者： Lu Cai Yi Tan Md Shahidul Islam michael Horowitz Kupper A Wintergerst Pediatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsRadiation OncologyPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleWendy Novak Diabetes InstituteNorton Children’s HospitalLouisvilleKY 40202United States department of Biochemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa department of Medicine University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Pediatric Research Institute Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of PediatricsWendy Novak Diabetes InstituteNorton Children’s HospitalUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202United States

Recently,the roles of pyroptosis,a form of cell death induced by activated NOdlike receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome,in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy(dCM)have been extensively ***,most studies have focused mainly on whether diabetes increases the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis in the heart of type 1 or type 2 diabetic rodent models,and whether various medications and natural products prevent the development of dCM,associated with decreased levels of cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome and *** direct link of NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis to the pathogenesis of dCM remains unclear based on the limited evidence derived from the available studies,with the approaches of NLRP3 gene silencing or pharmaceutical application of NLRP3 specific *** thus emphasize the requirement for more systematic studies that are designed to provide direct evidence to support the link,given that several studies have provided both direct and indirect evidence under specific *** editorial emphasizes that the current investigation should be circumspect in its conclusion,i.e.,not overemphasizing its role in the pathogenesis of dCM with the fact of only significantly increased expression or activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the heart of diabetic rodent *** clear-cut evidence-based causative roles of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of dCM can help to develop effective and safe medications for the clinical management of dCM,targeting these biomarkers.

关键词： diabetic cardiomyopathy Nucleotide oligomerization domain NOd-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome Cardiac cell death Pyroptosis

Specialized springtail predation by Loricera beetles: An example of evolutionary stasis across the K-Pg extinction

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 25-26页

作者： Yan-da Li Erik Tihelka michael SEngel diying Huang Chenyang Cai State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China department of Earth Sciences University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EQUK Bristol Palaeobiology Group School of Earth SciencesUniversity of BristolBristol BS81TQUK division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNY 10024-5192USA Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Perú departamento de Entomología Museo de Historia NaturalUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Perú

dear Editor,The Cretaceous-Paleogene(K-Pg)mass extinction precipitated one of the most profound restructurings of biodiversity in recent geological *** the extinction of many iconic groups,particularly the non-avian dinosaurs,there is emerging evidence that previously overlooked taxa experienced stark morphological and evolutionary *** this study,we report both adult and larva of beetles of the genus Loricera preserved in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber(Figure 1),which display striking similarity to extant congeners,indicating a stasis of their specialized feeding behavior persisting at least 100 million years.

关键词： extinction Figure Cretaceous

Low bend loss,high index,composite morphology ultra-fast laser written waveguides for photonic integrated circuits

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第1期5卷 50-59页

作者： Andrew Ross-Adams Toney Teddy Fernandez michael Withford Simon Gross MQ Photonics School of Mathematics and Physical SciencesMacquarie University2109Australia School of Engineering Macquarie University2109Australia

We demonstrate a novel,composite laser written 3d waveguide,fabricated in boro-aluminosilicate glass,with a refractive index contrast of 1.12×10−*** waveguide is fabricated using a multi-pass approach which leverages the respective refractive index modification mechanisms of both the thermal and athermal inscription *** present the study and optimisation of inscription parameters for maximising positive refractive index change and ultimately demonstrate a dramatic advancement on the state of the art of bend losses in laser-written *** 1.0 dB cm−1 bend loss cut-off radius is reduced from 10 mm to 4 mm,at a propagation wavelength of 1550 nm.

关键词： Ultrafast laser inscription Thermal inscription Cumulative heating Athermal inscription Multi-scan Multi-pass Half-scan Bend loss High index contrast Photonic integrated circuit

General practice trainee,supervisor and educator perspectives on the transitions in postgraduate training:a scoping review

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第4期12卷 17-28页

作者： michael Tran Joel Rhee Wendy Hu Parker Magin Boaz Shulruf discipline of General Practice School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia School of Medicine Western Sydney UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia discipline of General Practice School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia Office of Medical Education University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Transitions are a period and a process,through which there is a longitudinal adaptation in response to changing circumstances in clinical practice and *** the experience of the transition in medical student learning and in hospital-based specialty training programmes are well described and researched,the experience of the transition in community-based postgraduate general practitioner(GP)training has not been described *** We aimed to identify,and categorise,the formative experiences of transitions in GP training and their impacts on personal and professional *** We adopted Levac et al’s scoping review *** 1543 retrieved records,76 were selected for data *** on a combined model of the socioecological and multiple and multi-dimensional theories of transitions,data relating to the experiences of transitions were organised into contextual themes:being physical,psychosocial,organisational culture and *** criteria Empirical studies focused on general practice trainees or training,that discussed the transitions experienced in general practice training and that were published in English were *** sources PubMed,MEdLINE and Web of Science databases were searched in January 2024 with no date limits for empirical studies on the transition experiences of GP into,and through,*** Our findings describe context-dependent formative experiences which advance,or impede,learning and *** is a significant modulator of the factors contributing to more negative experiences,with some initially adverse experiences becoming more *** of the inflection point that represents a shift from initially adverse to more positive experiences of transitions may help moderate expectations for learning and performance at different stages of *** Challenges in training can either advance development and contribute positively to pr

关键词： finding initially programme