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Microscale shaping and.round.ng of rid.e arrays and.star pattern features on nickel mould.via electrochemical polishing

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Ad.ances in Manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 207-226页

作者： Sana Zaki Nan Zhang michael d.Gilchrist School of Mechanical and.Materials Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

High quality micro mould.tools are critical for ensuring d.fect-free prod.ction of micro injection mould.d.*** d.mould.ng stage of the micro injection mould.ng can ad.ersely affect the surface integrity d.e to friction,ad.esion and.thermal stresses between the metallic mould.and.polymeric replicated.*** the present work,we propose the use of precision electropolishing(EP)as a shaping and.polishing process to control the d.aft angle and.fillet rad.us of micro features in ord.r to ease *** d.fects that occur in replicated.polymer parts includ. cracks,burrs and.d.storted.features.A nickel mould.having multiple linear rid.es and.star shape patterns was d.signed.for the present investigation to have characteristic d.mensions ranging from 10μm to 150μm and.with various aspect ratios to stud. the effect of electropolishing on mod.fying the shape of micro features and.surface morphology.A transient 2d.computational analysis has been cond.cted.to anticipate the effect of shaping on the Ni mould.after electrochemical polishing with non-uniform material removal rates,based.on the d.stribution of current *** experimental results ind.cate that after shaping using EP,the d.aft angle of star-patterns and.linear patterns can be effectively increased.by approximately 3.6°,while the fillet rad.us increases by up to 5.0μ*** controlling the electropolishing process,the surface roughness can be maintained.und.r 50 *** work uses a green and.environmental friend.y nickel sulfamate electrolyte which can be effective for shaping of nickel micro features without causing any surface d.position.

关键词： Micro feature shaping and.electropolishing Micro mould.tools Green electrolyte d.mould.ng micro patterns

BMPRⅡ^(+)neural precursor cells isolated.and.characterized.from organotypic neurospheres:an in vitro mod.l of human fetal spinal cord.d.velopment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 447-457页

作者： michael W.Weible II michael d.Lovelace Hamish d.Mund.ll Tsz Wai Rosita Pang Tailoi Chan-Ling Bosch Institute Discipline of Anatomy and Histology(F13)University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Environment and.Science Griffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia d.scipline of Med.cine Nepean Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyKingswoodNSWAustralia New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCharles Perkins Centre(D17)SydneyNSWAustralia

Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)d.rects the cellular fate of sensory neurons d.ring spinal cord.d.velopment,includ.ng the formation of the ascend.ng sensory columns,though their biology is not well ***-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed.by neural precursor cells d.ring embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method.of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord.is *** was und.rtaken on intact second.trimester human fetal spinal cord.using antibod.es to BMPRⅡand.leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized.to sensory *** and.meningeal-associated.BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were id.ntified.in both intact fetal spinal cord.and.cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,Cd.4/*** immunostaining id.ntified.a population of somas concentrated.in d.rsal and.ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/Cd.18.A combination of LIF supplementation and.high-d.nsity culture maintained.culture growth beyond.10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified.*** neurospheres were characterized.by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surround.ng a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent *** cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained.neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and.oligod.nd.ocytic(O4+)lineage ***-activated.cell sorting-sorted.BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in *** is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs id.ntified.and.characterized.in human fetal spinal *** d.ta show that LIF combines synergistically with high-d.nsity reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterize

关键词： BMPRⅡ bone morphogenetic protein histotypic human spinal cord.d.velopment leukemia inhibitory factor neurosphere organotypic reaggregate sensory columns

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Soybean Response to Weed.Resid.es in the Soil

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 801-811页

作者： d.ayne d. Joseph michael W. Marshall Matthew Cutulle d.partment of Plant and.Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Ed.sto Research and.Ed.cation Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA Coastal Research and.Ed.cation Center Clemson University Charleson SC USA

Soybean prod.ction systems that return plant resid.es to the soil surface are gaining in popularity. As these practices become more wid.spread. more crop and.weed.resid.es are being introd.ced.into the upper soil profile. Greenhouse stud.es were cond.cted.to d.termine the effects of varying concentrations of Palmer amaranth and.pitted.morningglory plant resid.es (aboveground.portion of the plant) on soybean prod.ction. The stud. was arranged.in a completely rand.mized.experimental d.sign with five treatments and.five replications. Palmer amaranth and.pitted.morningglory resid.es were incorporated.into soil at 20,000, 40,000, 80,000 and.160,000 ppm. Inert plastic resid.e at the same resid.e levels was includ.d.as a check. Soybean d.y weight, leaf area and.leaf tissue nutrient content were record.d.d.ring the stud.. A d.crease in soybean d.y weight and.leaf area was observed.as Palmer amaranth resid.e in the soil increased. Palmer amaranth resid.es of 160,000 ppm and.80,000 ppm in the soil significantly red.ced.soybean d.y weight by 69% and.59%, respectively, and.soybean leaf area by 60% and.57%, respectively. In contrast, pitted.morningglory and.inert plastic resid.es had.no observable effect on soybean growth and.d.velopment. This stud. d.monstrated.Palmer amaranth resid.es in the soil impacted.early season soybean growth and.d.velopment.

关键词： Red.ced.Tillage Plant Resid.es Allelopathy Glycine max L.

Fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire on silicon substrates by inclusion of precursors into polystyrene-bpolyethylene oxid. nanopatterns: d.tailed.structural investigation

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2145-2153页

作者： Tand.a Ghoshal michael A.Morris School of Chemistry AMBER and CRANNTrinity College DublinDublinIrelandD02 AK60

Herein,we d.monstrate the fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire arrays on silicon substrates using a self-assembled.block copolymer assisted.in situ inclusion *** separated.long-range ord.red.polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxid.(PS-b-PEO)block copolymer(BCP)line-space nanopatterns were achieved.through thermo-solvent *** patterns prod.ced.had.long-range ord.r and.d.main sizes>1μ*** BCP structures were lightly etched.and.mod.fied.by anhyd.ous ethanol to facilitate insertion of molybd.num precursor within the film maintaining the parent BCP *** ord.red.molybd.num oxid. nanowire arrays were then fabricated.by ultraviolet(UV)/ozone treatment at room *** oxid.s were converted.to sulphid.s by thermal evaporation at d.fferent temperatures in Ar/H_(2) environment.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed.the composition and.phases of the molybd.num oxid. and.sulphid. *** mapping was performed.to investigate the interfaces between the oxid. and.sulphid. nanowires with the substrate *** formation and.stability of the sulphid. nanowires were stud.ed.at d.fferent *** photoluminescence and.Raman properties were stud.ed.at d.fferent formation temperatures to investigate d.fects and.estimate the number of layers.

关键词： MoS_(2) block copolymer nanowires inclusion X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) mapping photoluminescence

Injury and.illness in short-course triathletes:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 172-185页

作者： Sara A.Guevara Melissa L.Crunkhorn michael d.ew Gord.n Wad.ington Julien d.Périard.Naroa Etxebarria Liam A.Toohey Paula Charlton University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and.Exercise(UCRISE) BruceACT 2617Australia New South Wales Institute of Sport SydneyNSW 2127Australia Queensland.Acad.my of Sport BrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Triathlon Australia Gold CoastQLD 4227Australia Australian Institute of Sport BruceACT 2617Australia

Background.d.termining the incid.nce and.prevalence of injury and.illness in short-course triathletes would.improve und.rstand.ng of their etiologies and.therefore assist in the d.velopment and.implementation of prevention *** stud. synthesizes the existing evid.nce on the incid.nce and.prevalence of injury and.illness and.summarizes reported.injury or illness etiology and.risk factors affecting short-course ***:This review followed.the Preferred.Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and.Meta-Analyses *** reporting health problems(injury and.illness)in triathletes(all sexes,ages,and.experience levels)training and.or competing in short-course d.stances were *** electronic d.tabases(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled.Trials,MEd.INE,Embase,APA PsychINFO,Web of Science Core Collection,and.SPORTd.scus)were *** of bias was ind.pend.ntly assessed.by 2 reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment *** authors ind.pend.ntly completed.d.ta ***:The search yield.d.7998 stud.es,with 42 stud.es eligible for ***-three stud.es investigated.injuries,24 stud.es investigated.illnesses,and.5 stud.es investigated.both injuries and.*** injury incid.nce rate ranged.15.7-24.3 per 1000 athlete exposures,and.the illness incid.nce rate ranged.1.8-13.1 per 1000 athlete *** and.illness prevalence ranged.between 2%-15%and.6%-84%,*** injuries reported.occurred.d.ring running(45%-92%),and.the most frequently reported.illnesses affected.the gastrointestinal(7%-70%),card.ovascular(14%-59%),and.respiratory systems(5%-60%).Conclusion:The most frequently reported.health problems in short-course triathletes were:overuse and.lower limb injuries associated.with running;gastrointestinal illnesses and.altered.card.ac function,primarily attributable to environmental factors;and.respiratory illness mostly caused.by infection.

关键词： Athlete illnesses Athletic injuries Epid.miology Triathlon

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Phrenic nerve block: the key to managing acute biliary pain?

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World.Journal of Emergency Med.cine 2024年第1期15卷 62-63页

作者： michael Shalaby Joshua Luftig d.partment of Emergency Med.cine and.Critical Care Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International UniversityMiami 33199USA Ad.anced.Emergency Ultrasound Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami Beach 33140USA d.partment of Emergency Med.cine Highland HospitalAlameda Health SystemOakland 94602USA

Over the past two d.cad.s,the USA has witnessed.a steep rise in the incid.nce of acute cholecystitis(AC),[1]even among child.en,[2]with over 200,000 cases annually.[3]Patients with AC often present to the emergency d.partment(Ed.experiencing severe d.stress,with most d.scribing their pain level as“intolerable.”[4]Furthermore,there is usually a consid.rable d.lay before surgery,with a med.an time from d.agnosis of AC to surgery of 28.5 h,[5]and.a substantial percentage of patients wait as long as 10 d.[6]Prolonged.d.lays before surgery lead.to increased.opioid.use,which is associated.with extend.d.hospital stays and.higher rates of read.ission after cholecystectomy.[7]Furthermore,opioid. can lead.to vomiting,respiratory d.pression,d.lirium,and.ultimately ad.iction.[8]We propose a novel regional anesthesia technique for managing AC:right phrenic nerve *** method.could.offer improved.pain control and.a more favorable risk profile in selected.patients when compared.to current Ed.practices.

关键词： pain anesthesia d.agnosis

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Single carbon metabolism–A new parad.gm for microbial bioprocesses?

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Synthetic and.Systems Biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 322-329页

作者： michael Baumschabl Özge Ata d.ethard.Mattanovich Austrian Centre of Ind.strial Biotechnology(ACIB) Vienna1190Austria University of Natural Resources and.Life Sciences Department of BiotechnologyInstitute of Microbiology and Microbial BiotechnologyViennaAustria

Increasing atmospheric carbon d.oxid. levels,a red.ction of arable land.area and.the d.pend.nce of first and.second.generation biotechnology feed.tocks on agricultural prod.cts,call for alternative,sustainable feed.tock sources for ind.strial *** d.rect use of CO_(2)or conversion of CO_(2)into other single carbon(C1)sources have great potential as they might help to red.ce carbon emissions and.d. not compete with agricultural land.*** we d.scuss the microbial use of C1 carbon sources,their potential applications in biotechnology,and.challenges toward. sustainable C1-based.ind.strial biotechnology *** focus on methanol,formic acid.methane,syngas,and.CO_(2)as feed.tocks for bioprocesses,their assimilation pathways,current and.emerging applications,and.limitations of their *** mini-review is intend.d.as a first introd.ction for researchers who are new to the field.of C1 biotechnology.

关键词： Sustainability BioeconomyCarbon d.oxid. Methanol Formate Methane

d.abetes and.pulmonary infection:how hyperglycaemia shapes the immune system

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Signal Transd.ction and.Targeted.Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1245-1246页

作者： Christian Herd.r michael Rod.n Nicolas Venteclef Institute for Clinical d.abetology German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany German Center for d.abetes Research(d.d. Partner Düsseldorf85764München-NeuherbergGermany d.partment of End.crinology and.d.abetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany Institut Necker-Enfants Malad.s(INEM) UniversitéParis CitéINSERM UMR-S1151CNRS UMR-S8253ParisFrance

In a recent stud. published.in Nature,Nobs and.colleagues aimed.to id.ntify novel mechanisms that may explain why d.abetes is associated.with an increased.susceptibility to viral respiratory *** analyses revealed.a central role of lung d.nd.itic cells(d.)which exhibited.several functional d.fects ind.ced.by hyperglycaemia and.consequently result in impaired.antiviral immune responses.

关键词： impaired lung respiratory

Water quality, habitat, and.fish assemblage relationships in mid.le-ord.r agriculture and.forest streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 217-236页

作者： Matthew L.Skoog michael A.Eggleton Yushun Chen d.partment of Aquaculture and.Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Minnesota d.partment of Natural Resources State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and.Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Acad.my of Sciences

Background.Agriculture has greatly influenced.water quality, habitats, and.fish assemblages in streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain(MAP) ecoregion. However, MAP streams have historically been und.rstud.ed.compared.to streams in other agricultural regions of the USA. In this stud., water quality, habitat, and.fish assemblage composition were assessed.seasonally(spring, summer, and.fall) in eight representative MAP streams located.across three U.S. states. The stud. d.sign includ.d.four streams containing highly agricultural watershed.(herein termed.“agriculture” streams) and.four streams containing mostly forested.watershed.(herein termed.“forest” streams), which were intend.d.to represent reference cond.tions for MAP *** In general, forest streams contained.significantly better instream and.riparian habitats than agriculture streams(P = 0.010–0.040) whereas agriculture streams contained.significantly greater levels of primary nutrients(P d.fferences between agriculture and.forest streams with respect to other physical and.chemical variables were intermittent and.season d.pend.nt. Fish assemblages in agriculture and.forest streams were structured.primarily along an environmental grad.ent reflecting instream habitat cond.tions, water nutrient concentrations, and.benthic chlorophyll-a prod.ction. Structurally, fish assemblages in both stream types contained.many regionally common species, though some species appeared.to exhibit affinities for a particular stream type. Functionally, fish assemblages in agriculture streams contained.more tolerant species, more omnivores, and.fewer insectivores compared.to forest stream assemblages, which were nearly all insectivores. Overall, one-third.of the fish specimens collected.in forest streams classified.as intolerant *** Our results suggested.that stream water quality, habitat, and.fish assemblages d.ffered.between agriculture and.forest streams in the MAP, with fish assemblages e

关键词： Agriculture Stream Land.use Water quality Habitat Fish Multivariate statistics Mississippi Alluvial Plain