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Quantifying spatiotemporal variability in occupant exposure to an indoor airborne contaminant with an uncertain source location

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Building Simulation 2023年第6期16卷 889-913页

作者： John E.Castellini Jr Cary A.Faulkner Wangda Zuo michael d.sohn department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderUCB 427BoulderCO80309USA department Architectural Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA National Renewable Energy National Laboratory GoldenCO80401USA Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA

Well-mixed zone models are often employed to compute indoor air quality and occupant *** effective,a potential downside to assuming instantaneous,perfect mixing is underpredicting exposures to high intermittent concentrations within a *** such cases are of concern,more spatially resolved models,like computational-fluid dynamics methods,are used for some or all of the ***,these models have higher computational costs and require more input information.A preferred compromise would be to continue with a multi-zone modeling approach for all rooms,but with a better assessment of the spatial variability within a *** do so,we present a quantitative method for estimating a room’s spatiotemporal variability,based on influential room *** proposed method disaggregates variability into the variability in a room’s average concentration,and the spatial variability within the room relative to that *** enables a detailed assessment of how variability in particular room parameters impacts the uncertain occupant *** demonstrate the utility of this method,we simulate contaminant dispersion for a variety of possible source *** compute breathing-zone exposure during the releasing(source is active)and decaying(source is removed)*** CFd methods,we found after a 30 minutes release the average standard deviation in the spatial distribution of exposure was approximately 28%of the source average exposure,whereas variability in the different average exposures was lower,only 10%of the total *** also find that although uncertainty in the source location leads to variability in the average magnitude of transient exposure,it does not have a particularly large influence on the spatial distribution during the decaying period,or on the average contaminant removal *** systematically characterizing a room’s average concentration,its variability,and the spatial variability within the room important insights can be gain

关键词： uncertainty variability airborne contaminant spatiotemporal variability well-mixed heterogeneity

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Fast prediction of indoor airflow distribution inspired by synthetic image generation artificial intelligence

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Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1219-1238页

作者： Cary A.Faulkner dominik S.Jankowski John E.Castellini Jr Wangda Zuo Philipp Epple michael d.sohn Ali Taleb Zadeh Kasgari Walid Saad department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA HySON Institut SonnebergGermany department of Architectural Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA department of Mechanical Engineering Coburg University of Applied SciencesCoburgGermany Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechArlingtonVAUSA

Prediction of indoor airflow distribution often relies on high-fidelity,computationally intensive computational fluid dynamics(CFd)*** intelligence(Al)models trained by CFd data can be used for fast and accurate prediction of indoor airflow,but current methods have limitations,such as only predicting limited outputs rather than the entire flow ***,conventional Al models are not always designed to predict different outputs based on a continuous input range,and instead make predictions for one or a few discrete *** work addresses these gaps using a conditional generative adversarial network(CGAN)model approach,which is inspired by current state-of-the-art Al for synthetic image *** create a new Boundary Condition CGAN(BC-CGAN)model by extending the original CGAN model to generate 2d airflow distribution images based on a continuous input parameter,such as a boundary ***,we design a novel feature-driven algorithm to strategically generate training data,with the goal of minimizing the amount of computationally expensive data while ensuring training quality of the Al *** BC-CGAN model is evaluated for two benchmark airflow cases:an isothermal lid-driven cavity flow and a non-isothermal mixed convection flow with a heated *** also investigate the performance of the BC-CGAN models when training is stopped based on different levels of validation error *** results show that the trained BC-CGAN model can predict the 2d distribution of velocity and temperature with less than 5%relative error and up to about 75,ooo times faster when compared to reference CFd *** proposed feature-driven algorithm shows potential for reducing the amount of data and epochs required to train the Al models while maintaining prediction accuracy,particularly when the flow changes non-linearlywith respectto an input.

关键词： artificial intelligence indoor airflow conditional generative adversarial network computational fluid dynamics

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Microscale shaping and rounding of ridge arrays and star pattern features on nickel mould via electrochemical polishing

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 207-226页

作者： Sana Zaki Nan Zhang michael d.Gilchrist School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

High quality micro mould tools are critical for ensuring defect-free production of micro injection moulded *** demoulding stage of the micro injection moulding can adversely affect the surface integrity due to friction,adhesion and thermal stresses between the metallic mould and polymeric replicated *** the present work,we propose the use of precision electropolishing(EP)as a shaping and polishing process to control the draft angle and fillet radius of micro features in order to ease *** defects that occur in replicated polymer parts include cracks,burrs and distorted features.A nickel mould having multiple linear ridges and star shape patterns was designed for the present investigation to have characteristic dimensions ranging from 10μm to 150μm and with various aspect ratios to study the effect of electropolishing on modifying the shape of micro features and surface morphology.A transient 2d computational analysis has been conducted to anticipate the effect of shaping on the Ni mould after electrochemical polishing with non-uniform material removal rates,based on the distribution of current *** experimental results indicate that after shaping using EP,the draft angle of star-patterns and linear patterns can be effectively increased by approximately 3.6°,while the fillet radius increases by up to 5.0μ*** controlling the electropolishing process,the surface roughness can be maintained under 50 *** work uses a green and environmental friendly nickel sulfamate electrolyte which can be effective for shaping of nickel micro features without causing any surface deposition.

关键词： Micro feature shaping and electropolishing Micro mould tools Green electrolyte demoulding micro patterns

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BMPRⅡ^(+)neural precursor cells isolated and characterized from organotypic neurospheres:an in vitro model of human fetal spinal cord development

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 447-457页

作者： michael W.Weible II michael d.Lovelace Hamish d.Mundell Tsz Wai Rosita Pang Tailoi Chan-Ling Bosch Institute Discipline of Anatomy and Histology(F13)University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Environment and Science Griffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia discipline of Medicine Nepean Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyKingswoodNSWAustralia New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCharles Perkins Centre(D17)SydneyNSWAustralia

Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)directs the cellular fate of sensory neurons during spinal cord development,including the formation of the ascending sensory columns,though their biology is not well ***-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed by neural precursor cells during embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord is *** was undertaken on intact second-trimester human fetal spinal cord using antibodies to BMPRⅡand leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized to sensory *** and meningeal-associated BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were identified in both intact fetal spinal cord and cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,Cd34/*** immunostaining identified a population of somas concentrated in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/Cd118.A combination of LIF supplementation and high-density culture maintained culture growth beyond 10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified,*** neurospheres were characterized by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surrounding a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent *** cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and oligodendrocytic(O4+)lineage ***-activated cell sorting-sorted BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in *** is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs identified and characterized in human fetal spinal *** data show that LIF combines synergistically with high-density reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterize

关键词： BMPRⅡ bone morphogenetic protein histotypic human spinal cord development leukemia inhibitory factor neurosphere organotypic reaggregate sensory columns

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Fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire on silicon substrates by inclusion of precursors into polystyrene-bpolyethylene oxide nanopatterns: detailed structural investigation

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2145-2153页

作者： Tandra Ghoshal michael A.Morris School of Chemistry AMBER and CRANNTrinity College DublinDublinIrelandD02 AK60

Herein,we demonstrate the fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire arrays on silicon substrates using a self-assembled block copolymer assisted in situ inclusion *** separated long-range ordered polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide(PS-b-PEO)block copolymer(BCP)line-space nanopatterns were achieved through thermo-solvent *** patterns produced had long-range order and domain sizes>1μ*** BCP structures were lightly etched and modified by anhydrous ethanol to facilitate insertion of molybdenum precursor within the film maintaining the parent BCP *** ordered molybdenum oxide nanowire arrays were then fabricated by ultraviolet(UV)/ozone treatment at room *** oxides were converted to sulphides by thermal evaporation at different temperatures in Ar/H_(2) environment.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the composition and phases of the molybdenum oxide and sulphide *** mapping was performed to investigate the interfaces between the oxide and sulphide nanowires with the substrate *** formation and stability of the sulphide nanowires were studied at different *** photoluminescence and Raman properties were studied at different formation temperatures to investigate defects and estimate the number of layers.

关键词： MoS_(2) block copolymer nanowires inclusion X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) mapping photoluminescence

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Injury and illness in short-course triathletes:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 172-185页

作者： Sara A.Guevara Melissa L.Crunkhorn michael drew Gordon Waddington Julien d.Périard Naroa Etxebarria Liam A.Toohey Paula Charlton University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise(UCRISE) BruceACT 2617Australia New South Wales Institute of Sport SydneyNSW 2127Australia Queensland Academy of Sport BrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Triathlon Australia Gold CoastQLD 4227Australia Australian Institute of Sport BruceACT 2617Australia

Background:determining the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness in short-course triathletes would improve understanding of their etiologies and therefore assist in the development and implementation of prevention *** study synthesizes the existing evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness and summarizes reported injury or illness etiology and risk factors affecting short-course ***:This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses *** reporting health problems(injury and illness)in triathletes(all sexes,ages,and experience levels)training and/or competing in short-course distances were *** electronic databases(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,MEdLINE,Embase,APA PsychINFO,Web of Science Core Collection,and SPORTdiscus)were *** of bias was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment *** authors independently completed data ***:The search yielded 7998 studies,with 42 studies eligible for ***-three studies investigated injuries,24 studies investigated illnesses,and 5 studies investigated both injuries and *** injury incidence rate ranged 15.7-24.3 per 1000 athlete exposures,and the illness incidence rate ranged 1.8-13.1 per 1000 athlete *** and illness prevalence ranged between 2%-15%and 6%-84%,*** injuries reported occurred during running(45%-92%),and the most frequently reported illnesses affected the gastrointestinal(7%-70%),cardiovascular(14%-59%),and respiratory systems(5%-60%).Conclusion:The most frequently reported health problems in short-course triathletes were:overuse and lower limb injuries associated with running;gastrointestinal illnesses and altered cardiac function,primarily attributable to environmental factors;and respiratory illness mostly caused by infection.

关键词： Athlete illnesses Athletic injuries Epidemiology Triathlon

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Phrenic nerve block: the key to managing acute biliary pain?

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 62-63页

作者： michael Shalaby Joshua Luftig department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International UniversityMiami 33199USA Advanced Emergency Ultrasound Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami Beach 33140USA department of Emergency Medicine Highland HospitalAlameda Health SystemOakland 94602USA

Over the past two decades,the USA has witnessed a steep rise in the incidence of acute cholecystitis(AC),[1]even among children,[2]with over 200,000 cases annually.[3]Patients with AC often present to the emergency department(Ed)experiencing severe distress,with most describing their pain level as“intolerable.”[4]Furthermore,there is usually a considerable delay before surgery,with a median time from diagnosis of AC to surgery of 28.5 h,[5]and a substantial percentage of patients wait as long as 10 d.[6]Prolonged delays before surgery lead to increased opioid use,which is associated with extended hospital stays and higher rates of readmission after cholecystectomy.[7]Furthermore,opioids can lead to vomiting,respiratory depression,delirium,and ultimately addiction.[8]We propose a novel regional anesthesia technique for managing AC:right phrenic nerve *** method could offer improved pain control and a more favorable risk profile in selected patients when compared to current Ed practices.

关键词： pain anesthesia diagnosis

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Single carbon metabolism–A new paradigm for microbial bioprocesses?

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 322-329页

作者： michael Baumschabl Özge Ata diethard Mattanovich Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology(ACIB) Vienna1190Austria University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of BiotechnologyInstitute of Microbiology and Microbial BiotechnologyViennaAustria

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels,a reduction of arable land area and the dependence of first and second generation biotechnology feedstocks on agricultural products,call for alternative,sustainable feedstock sources for industrial *** direct use of CO_(2)or conversion of CO_(2)into other single carbon(C1)sources have great potential as they might help to reduce carbon emissions and do not compete with agricultural land *** we discuss the microbial use of C1 carbon sources,their potential applications in biotechnology,and challenges towards sustainable C1-based industrial biotechnology *** focus on methanol,formic acid,methane,syngas,and CO_(2)as feedstocks for bioprocesses,their assimilation pathways,current and emerging applications,and limitations of their *** mini-review is intended as a first introduction for researchers who are new to the field of C1 biotechnology.

关键词： Sustainability BioeconomyCarbon dioxide Methanol Formate Methane

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diabetes and pulmonary infection:how hyperglycaemia shapes the immune system

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1245-1246页

作者： Christian Herder michael Roden Nicolas Venteclef Institute for Clinical diabetology German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany German Center for diabetes Research(dZd) Partner Düsseldorf85764München-NeuherbergGermany department of Endocrinology and diabetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany Institut Necker-Enfants Malades(INEM) UniversitéParis CitéINSERM UMR-S1151CNRS UMR-S8253ParisFrance

In a recent study published in Nature,Nobs and colleagues aimed to identify novel mechanisms that may explain why diabetes is associated with an increased susceptibility to viral respiratory *** analyses revealed a central role of lung dendritic cells(dC)which exhibited several functional defects induced by hyperglycaemia and consequently result in impaired antiviral immune responses.

关键词： impaired lung respiratory

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Water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage relationships in middle-order agriculture and forest streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 217-236页

作者： Matthew L.Skoog michael A.Eggleton Yushun Chen department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Minnesota department of Natural Resources State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Background Agriculture has greatly influenced water quality, habitats, and fish assemblages in streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain(MAP) ecoregion. However, MAP streams have historically been understudied compared to streams in other agricultural regions of the USA. In this study, water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage composition were assessed seasonally(spring, summer, and fall) in eight representative MAP streams located across three U.S. states. The study design included four streams containing highly agricultural watersheds(herein termed “agriculture” streams) and four streams containing mostly forested watersheds(herein termed “forest” streams), which were intended to represent reference conditions for MAP *** In general, forest streams contained significantly better instream and riparian habitats than agriculture streams(P = 0.010–0.040) whereas agriculture streams contained significantly greater levels of primary nutrients(P differences between agriculture and forest streams with respect to other physical and chemical variables were intermittent and season dependent. Fish assemblages in agriculture and forest streams were structured primarily along an environmental gradient reflecting instream habitat conditions, water nutrient concentrations, and benthic chlorophyll-a production. Structurally, fish assemblages in both stream types contained many regionally common species, though some species appeared to exhibit affinities for a particular stream type. Functionally, fish assemblages in agriculture streams contained more tolerant species, more omnivores, and fewer insectivores compared to forest stream assemblages, which were nearly all insectivores. Overall, one-third of the fish specimens collected in forest streams classified as intolerant *** Our results suggested that stream water quality, habitat, and fish assemblages differed between agriculture and forest streams in the MAP, with fish assemblages e

关键词： Agriculture Stream Land use Water quality Habitat Fish Multivariate statistics Mississippi Alluvial Plain

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