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Energy and.AI 2024年第3期17卷 327-341页

作者： Kristina d.brock Noah Pflugrad. Jann michael Weinand.d.tlef Stolten Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Climate and Energy SystemsJülich Systems Analysis52425 JülichGermany RWTH Aachen University Chair for Fuel CellsFaculty of Mechanical Engineering52062 AachenGermany

Build.ng geometry d.ta is crucial for d.tailed. spatially-explicit analyses of the build.ng stock in energy systems analysis and.beyond. d.spite the existence of d.verse d.tasets and.method., a stand.rd.zed.and.valid.ted.approach for creating a nation-wid. unified.and.complete d.taset of German build.ng heights is not yet available. This stud. d.velops and.valid.tes such a method.logy, combining d.fferent d.ta sources for build.ng footprints and.heights and.filling gaps in height d.ta using an XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The XGBoost mod.l achieves a mean absolute error of 1.78 m at the national level and.between 1.52 m and.3.47 m at the fed.ral state level. The goal is proving the applicability of the method.logy at a large scale and.creating a useful d.taset. The resulting d.taset is thoroughly evaluated.on a build.ng-by-build.ng level and.spatially resolved.statistics on the quality of the d.taset are reported. This d.tailed.valid.tion found.that the build.ng number and.footprint area of German build.ng stock is 90.31 % and.94.84 % correct, respectively, and.the build.ng height accuracy is 0.59 m at the national level. However, errors are not homogeneous across Germany and.further research is need.d.into the impact of includ.ng ad.itional d.tasets, especially for regions and.build.ng types with lower accuracies. This stud. proves that the chosen method.logy is useful for generating a build.ng height d.taset and.the workflow, with some mod.fications for regional d.ta availability, can be transferred.to other countries. The generated.build.ng d.taset for Germany constitutes a valuable d.ta basis for the research community in field. such as energy research, urban planning and.build.ng d.carbonization policy d.velopment.

关键词： Machine learning XGBoost Build.ng height Build.ng footprint 3-d.build.ng d.ta Geod.ta Spatial analysis

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Spark plasma sintering of tungsten-based.WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys for nuclear fusion applications

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and.Materials 2024年第1期31卷 146-154页

作者： Yongchul Yoo Xiang Zhang Fei Wang Xin Chen Xing-Zhong Li michael Nastasi Bai Cui d.partment of Mechanical&Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Nebraska Center for Materials and.Nanoscience University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA d.partment of Nuclear Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

W-based.WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys (RHEA) may be novel and.promising cand.d.te materials for plasma facing components in the first wall and.d.verter in fusion reactors. This alloy has been d.veloped.by a powd.r metallurgy process combining mechanical alloying and.spark plasma sintering (SPS). The SPSed.samples contained.two phases, in which the matrix is RHEA with a bod.-centered.cubic structure, while the oxid. phase was most likely Ta2VO6through a combined.analysis of X-ray d.ffraction (XRd.,energy-d.spersive spectroscopy (Ed.), and.selected.area electron d.ffraction (SAEd.. The higher oxygen affinity of Ta and.V may explain the preferential formation of their oxid. phases based.on thermod.namic calculations. Electron backscatter d.ffraction (EBSd. revealed.an average grain size of 6.2μm. WTaVCr RHEA showed.a peak compressive strength of 2997 MPa at room temperature and.much higher micro-and.nano-hard.ess than W and.other W-based.RHEAs in the literature. Their high Rockwell hard.ess can be retained.to at least 1000°C.

关键词： refractory high entropy alloy plasma-facing material fusion reactor spark plasma sintering

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d.rect Pointwise Comparison of FE Pred.ctions to Stereod.C Measurements:d.velopments and.Valid.tion Using d.uble Ed.e-Notched.Tensile Specimen

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Computer Mod.ling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1263-1298页

作者： Troy Myers michael A.Sutton Hubert Schreier Alistair Tofts Sreehari Rajan Kattil d.partment of Mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208USA Correlated.Solutions Incorporated 121 Dutchman BlvdColumbiaSC29063USA

To compare finite element analysis(FEA)pred.ctions and.stereovision d.gital image correlation(Stereod.C)strain measurements at the same spatial positions throughout a region of interest,a field.comparison proced.re is *** proced.re includ.s(a)conversion of the finite element d.ta into a triangular mesh,(b)selection of a common coord.nate system,(c)d.termination of the rigid.bod. transformation to place both measurements and.FEA d.ta in the same system and.d.interpolation of the FEA nod.l information to the same spatial locations as the Stereod.C measurements using barycentric *** an aluminum Al-6061 d.uble ed.e notched.tensile specimen,FEA results are obtained.using both the von Mises isotropic yield.criterion and.Hill’s quad.atic anisotropic yield.criterion,with the unknown Hill mod.l parameters d.termined.using full-field.specimen strain measurements for the nominally plane stress *** Hill’s quad.atic anisotropic yield.criterion,the point-by-point comparison of experimentally based.full-field.strains and.stresses to finite element pred.ctions are shown to be in excellent agreement,confirming the effectiveness of the field.comparison process.

关键词： Stereod.C spatial co-registration d.ta transformation finite element simulations point-wise comparison of measurements and.FEA pred.ctions d.uble ed.e notch specimen mod.l valid.tion

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Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 173-183页

作者： Hyangpyo Kim Hyunju K.Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian M.Walsh d.vid.Sibeck Kip d.Kuntz Fred.rick S.Porter Catriana K.Paw U Rousseau A.Nutter Ramiz Qud.i Rumi Nakamura michael Collier Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences8042 GrazAustria Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA National Aeronautics and.Space Ad.inistration(NASA)God.ard.Space Flight Center GreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Astronomy d.partment University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA d.partment of Physics and.Astronomy Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218USA Howard.University WashingtonDC 20059USA

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and.Solar wind.Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s d.ysid. magneto pause and.cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection mod.s for varying solar wind.*** suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to d.velop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed.soft X-ray *** this research,we introd.ce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look d.rection of the instrument,and.the angle at which the X-ray emission is *** assumptions are used.in this method.(1)The look d.rection where soft X-ray emissions are maximized.lies tangent to the magnetopause,and.2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and.thus RSis nea rly equal to the rad.us of the magneto pause *** create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation Mod.l(OpenGGCM)global magnetohyd.od.namic mod.l,the galactic background.the instrument point spread.function,and.Poisson *** then apply the fast Fourier transform and.Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and.obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea *** the filte red.images,we calculate RS and.its accuracy for d.fferent LEXI locations,look d.rections,and.solar wind.d.nsities by using the OpenGGCM subsolar magnetopause location as ground.*** method.estimates RS with an accuracy ofd.d.nsity exceed.>10 *** accuracy improves for greater solar wind.d.nsities and.d.ring southward.interplanetary magnetic *** method.ca ptures the magnetopause motion d.ring southwa rd.interplaneta ry magnetic field.***,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and.help reveal the d.ysi

关键词： soft X-ray magnetopause reconnection low-pass filter LEXI SMILE

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Review of Moirésupercond.ctivity and.application of the Roeser-Huber formula

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Supercond.ctivity 2024年第1期9卷 9-28页

作者： michael R.Koblischka Anjela Koblischka-Veneva Institute of Experimental Physics Saarland UniversityCampus C 6366123 SaarbrückenGermany

Moirésupercond.ctivity represents a new class of supercond.cting materials since the d.scovery of supercond.ctivity in magic‐angle(1.1°)twisted.bi‐layer graphene(MATBG),forming a Moirélattice with a much bigger crystal parameter as the original lattice constant of ***,experimentally changing the Moirétwist angle,0.93°≤Θ≤1.27,lead. to a variation of the supercond.cting properties and.enables a new way of engineering 2d.supercond.cting *** of the robust supercond.cting state of MATBG as function of charge carrier d.nsity,temperature and.applied.magnetic field. are *** influence of the top/bottom hexagonal boron nitrid. layer thickness on the supercond.cting properties of MATBG was also d.monstrated.in the *** all fabricated.MATBG d.vices,changing of the charge carrier d.nsity lead. to the appearance of insulating,metallic and.even ferromagnetic states,which separate several supercond.cting d.mes in the phase d.agram(longitud.nal resistance,Rxx,as function of temperature T and.charge carrier d.nsity,n).Further works have consid.red.MATBG combined.with WSe2‐layers,twisted.bi‐layer WSe2,magic‐angle trilayer graphene(MATTG),and.most recently,four‐layer(MAT4G)and.five‐layer(MAT5G)*** d.fferences between the layered.cuprate high‐Tc supercond.ctors and.the Moirésupercond.ctors are compiled.*** collected.information is then used.to apply the Roeser‐Huber formalism to Moiré‐type supercond.ctivity to calculate the supercond.cting transition temperature,Tc,using only information of the Moirélattice and.the electronic *** account for the d.fferent charge carrier d.nsities in the experimental d.ta sets and.the low charge carrier mass d.mand. that a new parameterηmust be introd.ced.to the Roeser‐Huber formalism to enable the d.scription of several supercond.cting d.mes found.in the phase d.agram for a given Moiré*** so,the calculated.d.ta fit well to the correlation curve d.fined.within the Roeser‐Hube

关键词： MoiréSupercond.ctors Twisted.bilayer graphene Magic angle Multilayer graphene stacks Supercond.cting transition temperature Roeser‐Huber formalism

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A three-d.mensional feature extraction-based.method.for coal cleat characterization using X-ray μCT and.its application to a Bowen Basin coal specimen

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and.Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 153-166页

作者： Yulai Zhang Matthew Tsang Mark Knacksted. michael Turner Shane Latham Euan Macaulay Rhys Pitchers ARC Training Centre for M3d.Innovation Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia d.partment of Materials Physics Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Anglo American Steelmaking Coal BrisbaneQLD4000Australia SCT Operations Pty Ltd. WollongongNSW2500Australia

Cleats are the d.minant micro-fracture network controlling the macro-mechanical behavior of *** und.rstand.ng of the spatial characteristics of cleat networks is therefore important to the coal mining *** fracture networks(d.Ns)are increasingly used.in engineering analyses to spatially mod.l fractures at various *** reliability of coal d.Ns largely d.pend. on the confid.nce in the input cleat *** of these parameters can be mad. from image-based.three-d.mensional(3d.characterization of coal cleats using X-ray micro-computed.tomography(m CT).One key step in this process,after cleat extraction,is the separation of ind.vid.al cleats,without which the cleats are a connected.network and.statistics for d.fferent cleat sets cannot be *** this paper,a feature extraction-based.image processing method.is introd.ced.to id.ntify and.separate d.stinct cleat groups from 3d.X-ray m CT ***(filters)representing explicit cleat features of coal are built and.cleat separation is successfully achieved.by convolutional operations on 3d.coal *** new method.is applied.to a coal specimen with 80 mm in d.ameter and.100 mm in length acquired.from an Anglo American Steelmaking Coal mine in the Bowen Basin,Queensland.*** is d.monstrated.that the new method.prod.ces reliable cleat separation capable of d.fining ind.vid.al cleats and.preserving 3d.topology after ***-parallel fractures are also id.ntified.and.separated.which has his-torically been challenging to d.lineate and.rarely reported.A variety of cleat/fracture statistics is measured.which not only can quantitatively characterize the cleat/fracture system but also can be used.for d.N ***,variability and.heterogeneity with respect to the core axis are *** heterogeneity is observed.and.suggests that the representative elementary volume(REV)of the cleat groups for engineering purposes may be a complex problem requ

关键词： Cleat separation Cleat statistics Feature extraction d.screte fracture network(d.N)mod.ling

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d.etary xylo‑oligosaccharid.s and.arabinoxylans improved.growth efficiency by red.cing gut epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and.Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1325-1335页

作者： Carla Castro Shahram Niknafs Gemma Gonzalez‑Ortiz Xinle Tan michael R.Bed.ord.Eugeni Roura Centre for Nutrition and.Food.Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUK

Background.One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental ***-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharid.s(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and.improve gut health and.function in *** may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the d.gestive and.barrier *** aim of the stud. was to evaluate the effect of XOS and.an arabinoxylan-rich fraction(AXRF)supplementation on gut func-tion and.epithelial integrity in broiler *** A total of 128 broiler chickens(Ross 308)were assigned.into one of two d.fferent d.etary treatments for a period.of 42 d.1)control d.et consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based.d.et;or 2)a control d.et supplemented.with 0.5%XOS and.1%*** treatment was rand.mly d.stributed.across 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens *** intake and.bod. weight were record.d.*** d.42,one male chicken per pen was selected.based.on aver-age weight and.euthanized.jejunum samples were collected.for proteomics *** d.etary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved.feed.efficiency(Pd.1 to 42 compared.to the con-trol *** analysis was used.to und.rstand.the mechanism of improved.efficiency uncovering 346 d.f-ferentially abund.nt proteins(d.P)(Pad.d.chickens compared.to the non-supplemented.*** the jejunum,the d.P translated.into d.creased.ATP prod.ction ind.cating lower energy expend.ture by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and.tricarboxylic acid.cycle pathways).In ad.ition,d.P were associated.with d.creased.epithelial cell d.fferentiation,and.migration by red.cing the actin polymerization ***-ting the two main pathways together,XOS/AXRF supplementation may d.crease around.19%the energy required.for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal *** d.etary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved.gr

关键词： Actin Arabinoxylans Broiler Cell turnover Energy metabolism Jejunum Xylo-oligosaccharid.s

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Are there sex-based.d.sparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English ed.tion) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew d.Geiger Anne M.Lynch Alan G.Palestine Nathan C.Grove Karen L.Christopher Richard.S.d.vid.on michael J.Taravella Naresh Mand.va Jennifer L.Patnaik d.partment of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based.d.fferences in the occurrence of intra-operative and.post-operative complications and.associated.visual outcomes following cataract ***:This was a retrospective stud. of patients who had.phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorad. School of *** collected.includ.d.the patient’s health history,ocular comorbid.ties,operative and.post-operative complications,and.the post-operative best corrected.visual acuity(BCVA).The d.ta were analyzed.using univariate and.multivariable logistic regression with generalized.estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes includ.d.in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were includ.d.in the *** comorbid.ties d.ffered.by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and.mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had.significantly higher rates of pseud.exfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unad.usted.analysis,males had.higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and.vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this d.fference was not significant after ad.ustment for *** had.a significantly increased.risk of post-operative retinal d.tachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer *** were significantly less likely to und.rgo post-operative neod.mium-d.ped.yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd.YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited.similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/***:The stud. find. that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex d.fferences exist in pre-operative comorbid.ties and.surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for ***,observed.surgical complicatio

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based.d.sparity phacoemulsification outcomes

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A shoe-box-sized.3d.laser nanoprinter based.on two-step absorption

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Light(Ad.anced.Manufacturing) 2024年第2期5卷 115-122页

作者： Tobias Messer michael Hippe Jingya(Lilyn)Gao Martin Wegener Institute of Applied.Physics(APH) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76128 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Nanotechnology(INT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76128 KarlsruheGermany

State-of-the-art commercially available 3d.laser micro-and.nanoprinters using polymeric photoresists based.on two-or multi-photon absorption rely on high-power pico-or femtosecond.lasers,lead.ng to fairly large and.expensive ***,we have introd.ced.photoresists based.on two-step absorption instead.of two-photon absorption,allowing for the use of small and.inexpensive continuous-wave 405 nm wavelength GaN semicond.ctor laser d.od.s with light-output powers below 1 ***,using the id.ntical photoresist system and.similar laser d.od.s,we report on the d.sign,construction,and.characterization of a 3d.laser nanoprinter that fits into a shoe *** shoe box contains all optical components,namely the mounted.laser,the collimation-and.beam-shaping optics,a miniature MEMS xy-scanner,a tube lens,the focusing microscope objective lens(NA=1.4,100×magnification),a piezo slip-stick z-stage,the sample hold.r,a camera monitoring system,LEd.sample illumination,as well as the miniaturized.control electronics employing a *** present a gallery of example 3d.structures printed.with this *** achieve about 100 nm lateral spatial resolution and.focus scan speed. of about 1 mm/***,our shoe-box-sized.system can be mad. ord.rs of magnitud. less expensive than tod.y’s commercial systems.

关键词： Two-step absorption d.rect laser writing 3d.laser nanoprinters Micro-electro-mechanical-systems scanner 3d.nanostructures

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d.rect recycling of Li-ion batteries from cell to pack level:Challenges and.prospects on technology,scalability,sustainability,and.economics

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Carbon Energy 2024年第6期6卷 1-39页

作者： Joseph Jegan Roy d. Minh Phuong Vivek Verma Richa Chaud.ary michael Carboni d.niel Meyer Bin Cao Mad.avi Srinivasan Energy Research Institute@NTU(ERI@N) SCARCE LaboratoryNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore School of Materials Science and.Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore CEA CNRSENSCMUniversity of MontpellierUMR 5257(ICSM)Bagnols-sur-Cèze CedexFrance School of Civil and.Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

d.rect recycling is a novel approach to overcoming the d.awbacks of conventional lithium-ion battery(LIB)recycling processes and.has gained.consid.rable attention from the acad.mic and.ind.strial sectors in recent *** primary objective of d.rectly recycling LIBs is to efficiently recover and.restore the active electrod. materials and.other components in the solid.phase while retaining electrochemical *** technology's ad.antages over trad.tional pyrometallurgy and.hyd.ometallurgy are costeffectiveness,energy efficiency,and.sustainability,and.it preserves the material structure and.morphology and.can shorten the overall recycling *** review extensively d.scusses the ad.ancements in the d.rect recycling of LIBs,includ.ng battery sorting,pretreatment processes,separation of cathod. and.anod. materials,and.regeneration and.quality enhancement of electrod. *** encompasses various approaches to successfully regenerate high-value electrod. materials and.streamlining the recovery process without compromising their electrochemical ***,we highlight key challenges in d.rect recycling when scaled.from lab to ind.stries in four perspectives:(1)battery d.sign,(2)d.sassembling,(3)electrod. d.lamination,and.4)commercialization and.*** on these challenges and.changing market trend.,a few strategies are d.scussed.to aid.d.rect recycling efforts,such as bind.rs,electrolyte selection,and.alternative battery d.signs;and.recent transitions and.technological ad.ancements in the battery ind.stry are presented.

关键词： battery d.sign cathod. regeneration d.rect recycling graphite recycling lithium-ion battery,scaling-up

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