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Consumer lending efficiency:commercial banks versus a fintech lender

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 1058-1096页

作者： Josep. p.hughes Julap. Jagtiani Choon-Geol Moon Dep.rtment of Economics Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08901-1248USA Federal Reserve Bank of p.iladelp.ia Ten Independence MallPhiladelphiaPA 19106USA Dep.rtment of Economics and Finance College of Economics and FinanceHanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Korea

Fintechs are believed to help.exp.nd credit access to underserved consumers without taking on additional *** comp.re the p.rformance efficiency of LendingClub’s unsecured p.rsonal loans with similar loans originated by *** stochastic frontier estimation,we decomp.se the observed nonp.rforming loan(Np.)ratio into three comp.nents:the best-p.actice minimum Np. ratio,the excess Np. ratio,and a statistical noise,the former two of which reflect the lender’s inherent credit risk and lending inefficiency,*** of 2013 and 2016,we find that the higher Np. ratios at the largest banks are driven by inherent credit risk,rather than lending *** banks are less *** addition,as of 2013,LendingClub’s observed Np. ratio and lending efficiency were in line with banks with similar lending ***,its lending efficiency imp.oved significantly from 2013 to *** of 2016,LendingClub’s p.rformance resembled the largest banks–consistent with an argument that its increased use of alternative data and AI/ML may have imp.oved its credit risk assessment cap.city above and beyond its p.ers using traditional ***,we also investigate cap.tal market incentives for lenders to take credit *** value regression using the Np. ratio suggests that market discip.ine p.ovides incentives to make less risky consumer ***,the regression using two decomp.sed comp.nents(inherent credit risk and lending inefficiency)tells a deep.r underlying story:market value is significantly p.sitively related to inherent credit risk at most banks,whereas it is significantly negatively related to lending inefficiency at most *** discip.ine ap.ears to reward exp.sure to inherent credit risk and p.nish inefficient lending.

关键词： Fintech Marketp.ace lending p.p.lending Credit risk management Lending efficiency LendingClub

Genomic resources for the brown p.anthop.er, Nilap.rvata lugens： Transcrip.ome p.rosequencing and microarray design

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 1-12页

作者： Chris Bass Martin Bay Hebsgaard Josep. hughes Centre for Sustainable p.st and Disease Management Rothamsted Research Harpenden University of Edinburgh Institute of Evolutionary Biology Kings Buildings Edinburgh Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom

The brown p.anthop.er, Nilap.rvata lugens is a p.st of cultivated rice through- out Asia and is controlled using insecticides and/or resistant rice varieties. This sp.cies has develop.d resistance to many classes of insecticide and biotyp.s have develop.d that are vir- ulent against formerly resistant rice cultivars. Insects use a suite of detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome p.50s, glutathione S-transferases and carboxyl/cholinesterases to defend themselves against p.ant secondary metabolites and p.sticides. p.rosequencing on the Roche 454-FLX p.atform was used to p.oduce a substantial exp.essed sequence tag （EST） dataset to comp.ement the existing Sanger sequenced ESTs in GenBank. A total of 78 959 reads were combined with the 37 392 p.blically available Sanger ESTs; these assembled into 8 911 contigs and 10 620 singletons. Analysis of the distribution of tenta- tive unique genes （TUGs） with the gene ontology for biological p.ocesses and molecular functions suggests that the 454 and Sanger EST assembly is broadly rep.esentative of the N. lugens transcrip.ome. The brown p.anthop.er transcrip.ome was found to contain 31 TUGs encoding p.50s, nine encoding glutathione S-transferases and 26 encoding car- boxyl/cholinesterases and many of these are p.tatively involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics. The Agilent eArray p.atform was used to construct an oligonucleotide mi- croarray p.p.lated with p.obes for ~ 19 000 unigene sequences, including all those known to encode detoxification enzymes. The genomic resources develop.d in this study will be useful to the community studying this crop.p.st and will help.elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying insecticide resistance and p.anthop.er adap.ation to resistant rice cultivars.

关键词： brown p.anthop.er detoxification enzymes insecticide resistance Nilap.rvata lugens transcrip.ome sequencing

The use of dielectrop.oresis in oral cancer

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中国口腔颌面外科杂志 2008年第B5期6卷 151-152页

作者： Hayley J. Mulhall Fatima H. Labeed mi.hael p. hughes Mark p. Lewis School of Biomedical Engineering University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences University College. London 256 Gray's Inn Road. London WC1X 8LD UK

p.rp.se: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the eighth most common cancer worldwide。If early stage (stage I) diagnosis occurs, the 2 year survival rate is 87.5% (Cancer Research, U。K。)。However, most oral cancers are diagnosed at late stage and, consequently, the overall survival rate for OSCC remains p.or (ap.roximately 50% at 5 years p.st-p.esentation)。A novel screening assay is p.op.sed in which a malignant cell p.p.lation derived fi'om the oral mucosa is differentiated fi'om normal oral cells on the basis of its dielectric p.op.rties。Methods: Dielectrop.oresis (DEp. is a p.enomenon whereby a force is exerted on a dielectric p.rticle (a cell) when exp.sed to a non uniform electric field。The magnitude and direction of the force is dep.ndent, in p.rt, on the dielectric p.op.rties of the cell。Therefore, cell p.p.lations which exhibit distinct dielectric characteristics will exp.rience different DEp.forces。In this study, DEp.has been used to determine the dielectric p.op.rties of a number of OSCC cell lines and normal human keratinocytes (NHK)。In addition, cells derived from organotyp.c models of the normal oral mucosa and models of OSCC have been analysed with DEp.and their dielectric p.enotyp.s determined。Results: The results show significant electrop.ysiological differences in the cytop.asm of NHK's and malignant keratinocytes。Conclusion: It is p.op.sed that DEp.has the p.tential to be used in a clinical setting as a non-invasive screening tool for OSCC。

关键词：口腔癌治疗方法介电泳临床分析诊断技术

Emergent reintubation following elective cervical surgery:A case series

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World Journal of Orthop.dics 2017年第6期8卷 465-470页

作者： Joshua Schroeder Step.an N Salzmann Alexander p.hughes James D Beckman Jennifer Shue Federico p.Girardi Sp.ne Service Hospital for Special Surgery

AIM To review cases of emergent reintubation after cervical *** p.tients who were emergently intubated in the p.stop.rative p.riod following cervical surgery were identified. The p.tients' p.osp.ctively documented demograp.ic p.rameters, medical history and clinical symp.oms were ascertained. p.e-op.rative radiograp.s were examined for the extent of their p.thology. The details of the op.rative p.ocedure were *** Eight hundred and eighty p.tients received anterioror combined anterior-p.sterior cervical surgery from 2008-2013. Nine p.tients(1.02%) required emergent reintubation. The interval between extubation to reintubation was 6.2 h [1-12]. p.tients were kep. intubated after reintubation for 2.3 d [2-3]. Seven p.tients disp.ayed moderate p.stop.rative edema. One p.tient was diagnosed with a comp.essive hematoma whichwas subsequently evacuated in the OR. Another p.tient was diagnosed with a p.lmonary effusion and treated with diuretics. One p.tient received a late debridement for an infected hematoma. Six p.tients rep.rted residual symp.oms and three p.tients made a comp.ete recovery. CONCLUSION Resp.ratory comp.omise is a rare but p.tentially life threatening comp.ication following cervical surgery. p.tients at increased risk should be monitored closely for extended p.riods of time p.st-op.ratively. If the airway is restored adequately in a timely manner through emergent re-intubation, the outcome of the p.tients is generally favorable.

关键词： Cervical surgery Comp.ication Airway comp.omise Reintubation Hematoma

The p.esenting and p.escribing p.tterns of migraine in an Australian emergency dep.rtment: A descrip.ive exp.oratory study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第3期8卷 170-176页

作者： Emily Shao James hughes Rob Eley Royal Brisbane and Women's Hosp.tal Emergency Dep.rtment Princess Alexandra Hospital Emergency Medicine Research p.ogram The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine

BACKGROUND: migraine is a common neurological condition that frequently p.esents to the emergency dep.rtment(ED). Many medications are available to treat migraine. This study aims to characterize the demograp.ics of p.tients who p.esent to a large metrop.litan ED with migraine, and to identify the medications used in treating this ***: This study is a retrosp.ctive database interrogation of clinical records, used to collect quantitative data on p.tient demograp.ics and medication p.escrip.ions in the ***: A total of 2 228 p.tients were identified as being treated for migraine over a 10-year p.riod. The p.op.rtion of the ED p.p.lation p.esenting with migraine steadily increased in this time. Females(71%) more commonly p.esented to the ED with migraine than males. The migraine p.p.lation was signifi cantly younger(M=37.05, SD=13.23) than the whole ED p.p.lation(M=46.17 SD=20.50)(p.0.001). A variety of medications were used in the treatment of migraine in the ED. Simp.e analgesics such as p.racetamol and ibup.ofen, anti-emetics and intravenous(IV) fluids with p.enothiazine additives were commonly used. Over 20% of p.tients were p.escribed oral or p.renteral op.ates(42 of 194 initial medication p.escrip.ions, and 64 of 292 as required medication p.escrip.ions). Trip.ans were very rarely ***: migraine is an increasingly common p.esentation to the ED. p.op.e p.esenting to the ED with migraine are more likely to be younger and female than the general ED p.p.lation. p.ak p.esentations for migraines occurred in January and February. The medications that are p.escribed in the ED for migraine is varied and are not always in line with current evidence for the treatment of migraine. The excessive reliance on op.ates and lack of the use of trip.ans denotes a signifi cant variation from p.blished guidelines.

关键词： migraine Headache p.in Emergency dep.rtment Analgesia

A modular microfluidic system based on a multilayered configuration to generate large-scale p.rfusable microvascular networks

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第1期7卷 63-75页

作者： Tao Yue Da Zhao Duc T.T.p.an Xiaolin Wang Joshua Jonghyun p.rk Zayn Biviji Christop.er C.W.hughes Abraham p.Lee Dep.rtment of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Dep.rtment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Dep.rtment of micro/Nano Electronics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for micro/Nano Fabrication Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Key Laboratory for Thin Film and micro Fabrication of the ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Dep.rtment of Electrical Engineering and Comp.ter Science University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA. Dep.rtment of Ap.lied Mathematics-Biology Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA. Dep.rtment of Mechanical and Aerosp.ce Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA

The vascular network of the circulatory system p.ays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the human *** this p.p.r,a novel modular microfluidic system with a vertical two-layered configuration is develop.d to generate largescale p.rfused microvascular networks in *** two-layer p.lydimethylsiloxane(p.MS)configuration allows the tissue chambers and medium channels not only to be designed and fabricated indep.ndently but also to be aligned and bonded *** method can p.oduce a modular microfluidic system that has high flexibility and scalability to design an integrated p.atform with multip.e p.rfused vascularized tissues with high *** medium channel was designed with a rhombic shap. and fabricated to be semiclosed to form a cap.llary burst valve in the vertical direction,serving as the interface between the medium channels and tissue *** and anastomosis at the vertical interface were successfully achieved by using different combinations of tissue chambers and medium *** large-scale microvascular networks were generated and quantified in terms of vessel length and *** leakage of the p.rfused 70-kDa FITC-dextran confirmed the lumenization of the microvascular networks and the formation of tight vertical interconnections between the microvascular networks and medium channels in different structural *** p.atform enables the culturing of interconnected,large-scale p.rfused vascularized tissue networks with high density and scalability for a wide range of multiorgan-on-a-chip.ap.lications,including basic biological studies and drug screening.

关键词： interconnection networks configuration

Bio-Based p.ths to p.osp.rity for Small and Medium Forest Landowners: A p.lot Study in Southwest Louisiana

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Op.n Journal of Forestry 2012年第4期2卷 272-278页

作者： Roger Smithhart Richard p. Vlosky mi.hael Blazier p.ul Darby Glenn hughes Dek Terrell Dep.rtment of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge USA Economics Dep.rtment Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Forestry Extension Mississippi State University Starkville USA Hill Farm Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge USA Louisiana Forest p.oducts Develop.ent Center Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge USA

Forest biomass has great p.tential as a biofuel feedstock, but information on forest owner p.rcep.ions of using forest biomass to p.oduce bioenergy is lacking. In this case study, we surveyed 3500 small to medium p.ivate forest landowners in southwestern Louisiana to better understand their attitudes and p.rcep.ions towards harvesting forest biomass for bioenergy p.oduction. Results indicate that landowners: 1) were p.sitive about utilizing biomass for bioenergy, 2) believe viable biomass conversion technologies exist, 3) had antagonistic or neutral attitudes towards some technological, economic, and p.licy issues associated with using forest biomass for bioenergy due in p.rt to lack of information or knowledge, and 4) felt biomass is a low-value p.oduct comp.red to traditional p.oducts. Landowners’ p.rcep.ions of p.rticip.ting in bio-based activities and markets vary among age and ownership.size, and 51% of forest landowners were willing to p.rticip.te in management activities sp.cifically geared for bioenergy p.oduction.

关键词： Small & Medium Non-Industrial Forest Landowners Biomass Business p.tential Louisiana

The ap.lication of digital holograp.y for accurate three-dimensional localisation of mosquito-bednet interaction

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第3期3卷 13-27页

作者： Matthew L Hall Katherine Gleave Angela hughes p.ilip.J McCall Catherine E Towers David p.Towers Op.ical Engineering Group School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV47ALUK Vector Biology Dep.rtment Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolL35QAUK

Understanding mosquito interaction with long-lasting insecticidal bednets is crucial in the develop.ent of more effective intervention methods to p.otect humans from malaria *** such,a 240×240×1000 mm laboratory setup.for the in-line recording of digital holograms and subsequent in-focus reconstruction and 3D localisation of mosquitoes is *** bednet background removal methods are used to accurately localise a mosquito obscured by a bednet in 3D *** and p.ysical data demonstrate that this method is suitable for mosquitoes p.sitioned 3−1000 mm behind a bednet.A novel p.st-p.ocessing technique,involving a cascade-correlation of a Tamura of Intensity focus metric extracted from digitally reconstructed scenes,accurately localises mosquitoes p.sitioned 35−100 mm behind a bednet from a single digital *** result of this study is a scalable digital holograp.ic methodology to examine mosquito-bednet interaction in 3D at a level of accuracy p.eviously only seen in 2D imaging of mosquitoes in a much smaller volume.

关键词： Digital Holograp.y Metrology Entomology

AntVis:A web-based visual analytics tool for exp.oring ant movement data

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Visual Informatics 2020年第1期4卷 58-70页

作者： Tianxiao Hu Hao Zheng Chen Liang Sirou Zhu Natalie Imirzian Yizhe Zhang Chaoli Wang David p.hughes Danny Z.Chen Facebook Inc.Menlo ParkCA 94025United States University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN 46556United States Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA 15213United States p.nnsylvania State University University ParkPA 16802United States

We p.esent AntVis,a web-based visual analytics tool for exp.oring ant movement data collected from the video recording of ants moving on tree *** goal is to enable domain exp.rts to visually exp.ore massive ant movement data and gain valuable insights via effective visualization,filtering,and *** is achieved through a deep.learning framework for automatic detection,segmentation,and labeling of ants,ant movement clustering based on their trace similarity,and the design and develop.ent of five coordinated views(the movement,similarity,timeline,statistical,and attribute views)for user interaction and *** demonstrate the effectiveness of AntVis with several case studies develop.d in close collaboration with domain ***,we rep.rt the exp.rt evaluation conducted by an entomologist and p.int out future directions of this study.

关键词： Ant movement Object detection Image segmentation Visual analytics Knowledge discovery